i 






n 




V 



THE 

HISTORY OF THE TOWN 

OF 

ilrtua vft upon ®vtut f 

In the County of Nottingham, 

COMPRISING 
AN ACCOUNT OF ITS ANTIQUITIES, 
EDIFICES, PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS, CHARITIES, 
CHARTERS, ETC. 



By RICHARD PHILLIPS SHILTON. 



PART \ 



*SH 



NEWARK. 
Printed and sold by S, and J. Ridge; 

SOLD ALSO BY 

S. RIDGE, GRANTHAM ; AND BALDWIN, CRADOCK, AND JOV, 

PATERNOSTER-ROW, LONDON. 

1820. 






u 4 o 



« c « • • * 

* i 

», u ? tt « 

«.. o • e 



:V 



qA ^ 



h 



5 3 "b^ 



TO THE 

WORSHIPFUL THE MAYOR, 

THE ALDERMEN, 
AND INHABITANTS IN GENERAL, 

OF THE 
BOROUGH OF NEWARK, 

THIS WORK, 

WITH DUE RESPECT, IS INSCRIBED, 

BY 

THE COMPILER. 



TO 

THE PUBLIC 



As amongst the numerous excuses which 
have, at various periods, been pleaded for the 
writing of a book, 1 cannot discover any one 
that exactly suits my case, not any one must, 
by me, be adopted. Every man has his motive 
and, in course, I had mine. 

I might be foolish enough, gravely to 
tell my readers (should it happen that I have 
any) a neat Pocket Edition is far more portable 
than a cumbrous quarto — well — what would 

be the consequence a smile of contempt, 

and, "We did not stand in need of such 
information/' therefore, I will not do this. 

I might be impudent enough to say, the 
greatest pains have been taken in examining 



VI TO THE PUBLIC. 

the very best authorities and particular caution 
used in making extracts therefrom, this would 
be arrogance. The authors consulted, have, 
in general been given; it is the province of the 
Public to determine upon their respective 
merits, for which reason, I dare not do that. 

With the utmost deference, therefore, I 
submit the following pages to that Public,, 
relying in full confidence on its established 
character for candour and generosity in 
discrimination* 



CONTENTS 

OF PART I. 



mn rxwi 



General History of the Town, .page 9 

Castle, 33 

State of Newark at the commencement 

of the Civil War, in 1642, 55 

Siege the First, 58 

Siege the Second, 64 

Siege the Third, » 80 

Particular Enterprises of the Newarkers, 93 

■Siege the Fourth, 103 

List of Nohlemen and Gentlemen killed in 
his Majesty's Service, in or near 

Newark, 119 

Royal Letters, Documents, &;c 122 

Present State of the Castle, 165 

Crateivays, 171 

Church, 1^6 

Knight Templars' Hospital, , 249 



Vlll CONTENTS OF PART I. 

Friary, page 250 

Observant Friars, or the Chauntry, .... 251 

Intended Convent, 253 

Beaumond Cross, o ..... . 254 

St. Leonard's Hospital, 263 

Free School, 274 






GLOSSARY. 



Bordars, p. 23- Bordars were the immediate servants of 
the Lord, managing the bord lands, or 
those retained in the Lord's hands for 
the maintenance of their board or table. 

Bovate, p. 23. A Bovate of land was as much as an Ox 
could till in a year, the quantity in 
each differed very materially, according 
to the strength or lightness of the soil. 

Carucat, p. 23. A Carucat was as much land as might be 
tilled in a y tar by one plough. 

Dane- geld, p. 23. A tax levied by Ethelred, and given to 
the Danes by our Saxon ancestors, to 
purchase peace, and a departure from 
the Island. 

Obit, p, 290. A solemn office for the dead, performed 
annually. 

Paris Garden, p. 46. The house of Richard de Paris, 
which Richard III. proclaimed a recep- 
tacle of Butcher's Garbage, afterwards 
the Bear Garden. (Bailey.) 

Sithence, p. 139. Since. 

Villains, p. 23. Villains were tenants who held small por- 
tions of land, on the condition of per- 
forming certain corporal services for the 
use of the Lord, these were answerable 
to the present cottagers. A pure Villain, 
was one whom the Lord might put out 
of his lands, tenements, goods and chat- 
tels, at pleasure, and also might take 
redemption of, to marry his daughter. 

Wapentac, p. 20. A hundred, or divison of a county -, so 
called, from the inhabitants giving up 
their arms in token of fealty. 



ERRATA. 

Page 23, Note, for Warenna's read TVarrenne's. 
24, line 18, for ducussion, read discussion, 

56, line 20, for vaccilated, read vacilated. 

67 , line 13, for Amunition, read Ammunition 

> ■ 93, line 7, for m/#s, read were, 

116, line 18, for was, read were, 

156, line 16, for Price, read Prince, 

■ 168, line 24, for harased, read harassed* 

172, line 11, dele but. 

177, line 16, after Church, a comma only 

178, line 17, after Edward III. omit the semicolon. 

261, line 20, for that read the. 

272, line 9, for 5. T. B read S. T. P. 

275 , bottom line, henenef actor, read benefactor, 

287, line 10, for Moeity, read Moiety. 

3 90, Note, for seem, read seems. 
■ •■ 1 49, line 6, for Residence, read Residences. 



THE 



HISTORY OF THE TOWN 



OF 



NEWARK UPON TRENT 



IN order to avoid that species of cavil, of 
all cavils the most insipid and irksome, name- 
ly, the rusty cavil of the mole-beamed anti- 
quary, let it be admitted, for not any human 
being can disprove it, that the present town 
of Newark is situated on the space once 
occupied by the city Eltavona, Eltabora, 
EltavorL or Eltahoni of Roman memory. 
That the Fosse-way, one of the military roads 
of that people lies in the direction of, or passes 
through this town, and that those bubble hunt* 



10 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 

ing interlopers, had regular stations on those 
roads is beyond contradiction. One of these 
stations might be fixed at, or near this place ; 
yet, as nothing but the mere name of Eltavo- 
na, and that, very confusedly, is transmitted 
to us, as not one occurrence either of splendor 
or degradation concerning it, is even upon 
tradition ; could any place be pitched upon, 
with certainty, where the horse of Agricola 
cast a shoe, that spot would boast a far better 
title to veneration than most of the dubious 
objects enveloped, as they are, by the mists of 
obscurity. 

Modern writers have endeavoured to estab- 
lish the hypothesis, that Newark has arisen 
out of the ruins of the ancient Sidnacester of 
the Saxons, by an analyzation of its present 
name they say New- ark is an abbreviation of 
New-work* that is, something recent, in con- 
tradistinction to some older erection ; this is 
plausible enough, if contradistinction were 
always pertinent ; but, unluckily for the posi- 

* Wark in the northen dialect, still signifies work. 



HISTORY OF NEWARK. 11 

tion, this place is now known by the name of 
Newark upon Trent, to distinguish it from — ■ 
what other Newark ? — none — that it could 
ever possibly be mistaken for. Burton upon 
Trent, Sutton upon Trent, Stoke upon Trent, 
and many such like compoundly appellated 
towns are correctly apposite, there being so 
great a number of places, similarly denomina- 
ted in the primitive ; it is therefore, perhaps, 
not assuming too far to infer, that as one con- 
tradistinction appears to be groundless, the 
other rests not, on a much firmer foundation. 

The super-addition of upon Trent seems 
not to have prevailed, generally, till about the 
time of Elizabeth, certain it is, that in the 
reign of Edward the Confessor the title was 
simply ^ctOCrft as appears by the grant of the 
Countess Godiva, and similar ones in the time 
of William the Norman, and King Henry the 
second. Also in an ancient deed executed the 
8th day of February, 1484, (2 R. III.) it is 
merely stiled Nowrk. The distance of the 
river Trent, as it now runs, is too great to 
admit the claim, and if it were absolutely 



12 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 

necessary that Newark should be honored 
with an addition, in any wise probable, the 
phrase, upon Devon ought, in honest modesty, 
to have been adopted, as that humble stream 
actually washed, as it still does, under the 
name of the Cut, the foot of the Castle walls. 

Pride is inherent in the human species, and 
where it is not the agent of insult or ingrati- 
tude, is both laudable and necessary ; but it 
appears in this case to have been tinctured 
with the latter; the Devon was useful in its 
ivay, for turning the Mill which supplied the 
inhabitants with food, but not thought suffi- 
ciently respectable, as an accompaniment, 
when a superior was in view. 

It ought to be remarked, the inhabitants 
have a tradition that the Trent formerly took 
its course at no great distance from the town, 
and there is still remaining occular demonstra- 
tion, in what is called the Trent Dike, that a 
current of some kind actually meandered 
between the Devon and the present river at 
Kelham; the following extracts are said ta 



HISTORY OF NEWARK. 13 

have been made from a manuscript belonging 
to a progenitor of the present family of Heron, 
who for many years were resident in Newark. 

" Anciently the river Trent passed near the 
town of Newark, about three hundred and 
forty Jive yards distant from the Castle, * and 
opposite to it, where the bed of the old river 
is very apparent, and is, to this day, called 
the Old Trent. Where the main stream now 
runs by Averham, Kelham and Muskham, was 
a small brook, which not being sufficient for 
the family of the Suttons, who formerly resided 
at Averham, a cut was made from the Trent, 
near Farndon, to the brook, which gave a turn 
to the whole current, probably aided by the 
obstruction which the mills at Newark must 
be supposed to occasion; it then forced its way 
and formed that channel which is now seen. 
There were carriage bridges over the brook 
at Kelham and Muskham, maintained by the 
respective owners of those estates, and they 

* On admeasurement, this is found to be the distance to, 
what is now called, the Old Trent Dike, 



14 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 

were obliged to build bridges over the new 
and extended river ; a heavy, but unavoidable 
burden." 

" An attempt was made by Sutton, of 
Averham, to throw this burden, as to the 
bridge at Kelham, upon the Bishop of Lincoln, 
A prosecution was instituted against the 
Bishop, which was tried in the court of king's 
bench, at York. It happened, in evidence, 
that the Bishop, riding out towards Kelham, 
and observing workmen repairing the bridge, 
considered it as a great hardship on private 
property, and gave thirty shillings, in alms, 
towards the work. This was the basis of the 
suit, the cause was dismissed sine die." 

" The bridge at Kelham being in decay, 
and the owners of the estate refusing to repair 
it, a prosecution was instituted at the suit of 
the inhabitants of the county, who being par- 
ties, the cause was tried at Leicester assizes, 
by a special jury, who determined that the 
proprietor of the estate at Kelham was liable 
to support the bridge, and it has, ever since, 



HISTORY OF NEWARK. 15 

been supported by the owners of that estate. 
This controversy, I believe, was in the time 
of Charles the second. I have, formerly, seen 
papers respecting these suits/' 

u The turning the course of the river, in- 
volved the family at Averham in a suit with 
the miller and inhabitants of Newark, and 
by a decree, (or subsequent proceedings in 
the time of Queen Elizabeth on former suits, 
as I apprehend) the owners of Averham were 
obliged to build a weir of certain strength and 
dimensions across part of the new T river, near 
Farndon, and for ever maintain the same, to 
throw some share of the water into the New- 
ark branch ; which weir is called the Upper 
Weir. The Newark Mills were a part of the 
estate of the manor, and the inhabitants were 
compellable to grind at the Lord's mill. 1 
have seen old proceedings, in one or more 
law suits, brought in support of this right/' 

" The river, which at this day runs under 
the walls of the Castle, improperly called the 
Trent , is the Snyte or Devon. The Snyte 



16 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 

(now called Smite) takes its rise at a spring 
called Holwell Mouth, in the lordship of Hol- 
well, in Leicestershire, near the high road 
from Leicester to the Vale of Belvoir. The 
river Devon takes its rise above Belvoir Cas- 
tle. The Snyte is the broader river, the Devon 
is a more certain current; the Snyte being 
sometimes, in summer, nearly dry. These 
two rivers unite at a point adjoining the lord- 
ships of Shelton, Cotham, and Flawborough, 
in Nottinghamshire, about half a mile above 
a bridge, over the Devon, called Wensaw, or 
Winsaw Bridge. At the conflux, the Snyte 
loses its name in that of the Devon, From 
Markham Bridge the Devon divides the pa- 
rishes of Newark and Farndon, where, at a 
small distance, meeting the branch of the 
Trent, from the upper weir near Farndon, 
they take their course in the old bed of the 
Devon, by the side of the town of Newark, 
and under the walls of the castle; till they 
meet the main stream of the Trent below 
Newark, at a point in the Island called the 
CrankleySj where the conflux forms a very 
fine reach ." 



HISTORY OF NEWARK. 1/ 

u The notion of the people of Newark, that 
the course of the river was turned by the be- 
siegers, is most extremely erroneous ; an event 
of such magnitude, and of such consequence 
to the town of Newark, must have been bet- 
ter understood, and the extraordinary circum- 
stances necessarily attending it, by the inha- 
bitants of the last ages* than is, in the least 
pretended. The main current having been 
turned, rendered it more practicable for the 
besiegers to dam the channel that remained; 
and it appears by a drawing made by the prin- 
cipal engineer of the rebels, that such a dam 
was made by General Pointz ; from whence, 
it is probable, the story of the course of the 
river being turned, took its rise; the same 
drawing shews that the main river then ran, 
as at present, by the villages ; and that the 
dam was in the Newark branch, below the 
upper weir. The dam, probably, served as a 
bridge of communication from his quarters at 
Farndon, to the Scot's quarters in the Island, 
as well as to distress the garrison." 

*This expression points out, nearly, the date of the M. S. 



18 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 

The very feeble attempt made by Doctor 
Stukely, the celebrated antiquarian, although 
he was well acquainted with Newark, to 
controvert this opinion concerning the Old 
Trent, is not worthy of quotation ; as the de- 
terminations of the suits, at different periods, 
are fully sufficient to establish it: setting 
aside these considerations, had the original 
channel borne the present width, it would not 
have been surmounted by a timber bridge; 
but there being one already over the brook, 
composed of that article, the old materials 
were a strong temptation to construct another 
of the same kind over the extended stream.* 

In the year 1772, an act of Parliament was 
obtained, for rendering navigable the stream 

* If weightier proofs were necessary, it is observable, 
that in time of flood, a far stronger current sets down the 
Island, not far from where the old stream is stated to have 
taken its course, than at Kelham, as though the river ha- 
ving thrown off all restraint, were seeking its original bed. 
Which way soever, the question concerning the old channel 
may turn, is probably not material at this day ; but one 
point has been clearly demonstrated, namely, that the town, 
did not anciently, bear the title of Newark upon Trent, 



HISTORY OF NEWARK. 19 

of the Devon, but there stiled a branch of the 
Trent, which passed on the western side of 
the Castle ; the present Cut was then formed, 
and in the progress of its execution, many of 
the cannon balls which had been used in the 
different sieges, were digged out with the soil 
of the river. 

From the termination of the civil wars be- 
tween Charles and his Parliament, there had 
been a wooden bridge, very meanly construct- 
ed, over the Devon, a little below the Castle. 
The keeping of this bridge in repair, was an 
expense annexed to the lease of the crown lands 
lying in the borough, ivhich had many years 
been in possession of the Duke of Newcastle. 
In the year 1775, his Grace was advised to 
take dow T n the old ruinous structure, and erect 
one of more durable materials; accordingly the 
present one was built of brick, and faced with 
stone. The demand of toll, for the passage of 
Carriages and Cattle of certain descriptions is 
said, by some, not to be very well founded : 
but perhaps, in this case, the adage is veri- 
fied, " What is every body's business, is no- 
body's/' 



20 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 

At what period, or at whose expense the 
place was surrounded by a wall is equally 
uncertain. During the Saxon Heptarchy, 
which closed in the year 828, it constituted a 
part of the kingdom of Mercia, and was, doubt- 
less, at that time of minor consideration, not 
being enumerated amongst the fifteen Cities 
of that division of the Island,* but it is certain, 
in the time of Alfred, (about 900) Newark 
must have attained to some consequence, being 
then deemed worthy of giving name to the 
WapentaC) which is now stiled Newark 
Hundred. 

In the time of Edward the Confessor, 
(between 1041 and 1065,) the manor of New- 
ark w 7 as the fee of Leofric the great Earl of 
Mercia, and, according to the Monasticon, 
was by "him and his pious lady Godiva>f 

* Those were Lincoln, . Nottingham, Warwick, 
Coventry,, Lichfield, Northampton, Worcester, Gloucester, 
Derby, Chester, Shrewsbury, Stafford, Oxford, and Bristol. 

f She was sister of Therald de Burgenshall, Sheriff of 
Lincolnshire. This lady is famous in the annals of Coventry 



HISTORY OF NEWARK. 21 

given, with jffarfjtttrf) in this county, (now 
fhbfiOtOUglj,) to the Monastery of £tOfcO 

from the following incident. Leofric, her husband about 
the year 1040, having loaded the inhabitants of that City 
with very heavy taxes ; in revenge, for some provocation 
they had given him, and being pressingly importuned by 
Godiva to remit them, after repeated solicitation, proposed 
an acquiescence to her suit, on the following condition, 
which from the long tried delicacy of his wife he deemed 
utterly impossible to be acceded to, namely that she should, 
in open day light, ride through all the principal streets of 
the city in a state of nudity. Godiva, who appears to have 
been actually a good woman, was at first startled at the 
idea of committing so gross an outrage upon feminine 
decency, but the quickness of her sex, which seldom fails 
in a dilemma, suggested an evasory relief, she accordingly 
closed with the proposal in its strict letter, but at the same 
time hinted, that the inhabitants might be restrained from 
viewing her. Leofric, charmed with her sensibility, de- 
clared himself highly gratified in being so delicately out- 
witted, and issued a prohibitory proclamation to that pur- 
pose, on pain of death to its violator. Godiva, being for- 
tunately possessed of a profusely flowing head of hair, 
disposed her luxuriant tresses in so admirable a manner, 
that she effected the emancipation w iihout a shock to her 
self. Thus «far, history, and the rudeness of the age, bear 
out the fact. But tradition here mounts her hobby, and 
relates, that a tailor, whom she calls Tom irresistibly urged 
by the primeval curiosity of his original grandam, fancied 
he could slilv steal one single peep (Vom a snugly perched 



22 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 

near 3tiltC0lne* The king, with his queen 

and nobles, was present at, and consenting to 

the agreement made between the said earl 

and countess, and the Bishop Wulwi, that 

they should have Priests there, and altogether 

the same service which was at St. Paul's, 

JlOttilOn; and, that the lands they should 

give, should be for the food and raiment of the 

brethren (or Friars) there. And that the 

Bishop might have for his table, all those 

things which Etheric the Bishop and Ednoth 

had, before him, of those things, by right, 

window, when lo, in the very act of voluptuousness, he was 
stricken blind by lightning. A description of the whole 
scene, has ever since, (excepting" the cessation of a few 
years, some time back, when gatherings together of the 
people, on such occasions, were not deemed expedient, to 
the present year, when it was revived,) been annually 
commemorated, by substituting a courtezan arrayed in flesh 
coloured fine linen, fitting very closely, for the pious Godiva, 
and a ludicrously painted image of the taylor, peeping Tom, 
as they say, at the very window, in the attitude of ogling. 
The procession, which is held on Trinity Friday and called 
the great show fair, is extremely splendid, all the members 
of the different guilds, attending the mock lady, in their 
several habiliments and displaying the ancient insignia of 
their different professions. 



HISTORY OF NEWARK. 23 

belonging to his Bishoprick, to wit, two parts 
of all things coming to the Monastery, and the 
Priests the third/' 

The general survey of William the bastard,* 
called Doomsday Book shews " that Godiva 
the countess paid the Dane-geld for her manor 
of IJ^CttJCtftC, with the two Bereus or hamlets 

of 25atoettune and jfarentmne, as seven 

Carucats and two Bovats of land. Yet, the 
land of it in her own time, in King Edivard 
the Confessor's survey, was returned twenty- 
six Carucats. There, after the invasion, 
Bishop Remigius, of HiUCOllI, had in demesne 
seven Carucats and fifty-six Burgesses, forty- 
two Villains, or Bordars, having twenty 
Carucats (or plow lands) and a half. There 
were ten Churches and eight Priests, having 

* Should this expression seem coarse to the delicate ear 
of modern refinement, be it remembered, it is in the style 
of all our most ancient historians; and that the epithet was 
familiar, and not in anywise derogatory , as applicable to 
that person. — Vide Earl Warrenna's speech to the Commis- 
sioners of Edw. I. A> D. 1276, as quoted by Hume. Also* 
5ii Richard Baker, Will. I. 



24 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 

five Carucats. There were seven Freemen, 
having five Carucats and a half. There was 
one Mill 5s. Ad. and one Piscary y or fishery. 
To I^Ctoatlte lay all the customs of the king, 
and earl of the Wapentac. In King Edward 
the Confessor's time, the rent of it was ^£50.; 
in the latter part of the invader's but ^34. 
It had &U in 23aI&Crtitne t Balderton; 

tifjeltntone, mMngtan; ^cireaton, Syers- 

ton, €UlCj5t0ne, Elston ; £tCrfje& Stoke; 
I^OltOn, Hawton ; CottnjtOlie, Coddington ; 

23amrijpe> Bamhy ; IBprnontljocpc, Win- 

thorpe ; ^COtbrfep, Scarle; <&XZtQtl, Girton; 

&paMotli, €otne$jap, Thomey ; 2©ig^ 

pgfep, i^CCtireBpC, Hareby ; and €0tUltl, 
Cotham." 

Much ducussion, has, at times, taken 
place as to the number of churches said, 
formerly, to have been in Newark. Some, 
by a most niggardly interpretation, allotting 
only ten churches to the whole hundred, con- 
sisting of twenty-three towns, the latest wri- 
ter on the subject hazards a new conjecture, 
and supposes the word church to be used 



HISTORY OF NEWARK. 25 

synonimously with altar. But Thoroton, who 
was a sedulous copyist, not only gives, from 
Doomsday, the number ten, but also the 
Priests and their endowments, namely eight, 
with five Carucats of land. The before 
mentioned modern writer, somewhat dicta- 
torially calls upon those who accede to this 
statement " to support their opinion with 
some proof that the place was much larger 
then, than it is at present/' There does 
not appear to be the least necessity for an 
exertion of that description. The Carucat, 
derived from Caruca, which in the old latin 
signified a plough, differed, it is true, in 
quantity according to the nature of the soil, 
but it was, in every place as much as could be 
managed, the year round, by one plough- 
team. The precise quantity of sustenance, 
absolutely requisite, to keep the body and soul 
together, of an Anglo-Norman Priest, cannot 
now be accurately ascertained ; but, if the 
produce of as much arable as would require 
five teams to cultivate it, were not quantum 
snfficit for the maintenance of eight Priests 
of the present day, there would be no great 

c 



26 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 

harm done, if they were put upon short allow- 
ance. Moreover Southwell, which never 
was much larger than at present, had five 
distinct Chapels, those must have had their 
officiating Priests, and though it be not upon 
record what kind of remuneration was given 
for their attendance, yet it may be taken for 
granted, they, unless times be strangely altered, 
would not work pro bono publico. Collingham 
had tivo Churches, and only one Priest. The 
conclusion to be drawn from these premises is 
unavoidable, namely that there were formerly 
ten Churches in Newark, and those not in 
anywise, slenderly provided for. Newark 
was anciently divided into the Borough of 
Newark and Northgate. 

Having, in some degree, cleared off the 
aerugo, it may be necessary to take a slight 
general survey of the town, in its present state, 
and then proceed to particular subjects under 
their respective heads, 

Newark is situated on a very gentle ascent, 
in a light gravelly soil ; the water extremely 



HISTORY OF NEWARK. 27 

pure, the air, from the proximity of its fre- 
quently inundated meadows, perhaps, not 
wholly equal in salubrity with that of South- 
well, yet, the general temperance of its inhabi- 
tants acts as a powerful corrective of any nox- 
ious principle which may be inhaled with it. 
Newark is justly esteemed the pride of the 
county, the cleanliness of its streets, the gene- 
ral symmetry of its buildings, the regularity 
of its Market-place, except one solitary obtru- 
sion, and the elegant lightness of its spire, place 
it out of the reach of neighbouring competi- 
tion, Nottingham may be magnificently grand, 
but Newark is peculiarly neat. 

The town was first incorporated by Ed. 
VI. a new charter was given by Charles I, and 
the present one by Charles II. who granted it 
the privilege of returning members to serve 
in Parliament. This seeming act of genero- 
sity, according to some historians, was per- 
formed by the way of evincing his gratitude, 
for the unshaken loyalty shewn by the inhabi- 
tants to the cause of his father. But, though 
perhaps at this period, it may not be discover- 
ed 



28 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 

able, yet there must have been some other 
reason ; for Charles and gratitude, were per- 
fectly strangers, excepting by hearsay. The 
government of the town is vested in a Mayor 
and twelve Aldermen. 

The island formed by the disjunction of 
the two streams, is excellent pasture land, 
and, in the summer season, affords recreation 
equally beautiful and healthy. Until about 
the year 1770, access to Newark from the 
north, was, by reason of the overflowing of 
the rivers, nearly impracticable.* At that 
period, a publican, of the name of Joseph 
Wright, who kept the King's Head, a house 
noted for good ale, in a thoroughfare, where- 
on part of the Town Hall now stands, it is 
said, suggested the idea of forming an elevated 
road, interspersed with arches ; this was ac- 
cordingly accomplished under the auspices of 
Mr, Simpson, at the expense of £ 12,000, 

* At those times a boat was used, at an exorbitant 
late, from Newark to Muskham: five guineas having, 
frequently, been paid for conveying a carriage and the 
passengers. 



HISTORY OF NEWARK, 29 

which now bids defiance to the highest floods. 
Were the inhabitants of Newark to erect a 
statue to the memory of this knight of the 
spigot, they would not be paying him an over- 
strained compliment 

The trade upon the water is very consi- 
derable, a great number of boats being em- 
ployed, carrying from 36 to 44 tons each. 
The principal articles of importation are tim- 
ber, corn and coal ; the exports are chiefly 
malt, flour and prepared plaster for flooring. 

Newark lies upon the great north road, 
from London to York, the distance between 
which two places is 197 miles; the celerity 
and regularity with which the mail is con- 
veyed, being admirable, its limited time 
allows not more than twenty-seven hours. 
Seven coaches pass daily through Newark 
to and from London; and as it may, in a 
future century, become a matter of curiosity 
the particular enumeration perhaps will not 
be irrelevant. 



30 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 

UNION. down. up. 

Kingston Arms, Market~ploi.ee , J. Lawton, 2 a.m. 9 p. m. 

ROCKINGHAM. 
Castle and Falcon, Beamond st. T. Gardner, 3 a.m. 5 p. m. 

NELSON. 

Hotel, Kirkgate, J. Gilstrap, 4 a.m. 5§ p. m. 

HIGHFLYER. 

Hotel, Kirkgate, J. Gilstrap, 4a.m. 5 p.m. 

WELLINGTON. 

Royal Mail Tavern, Beamond st. J '. Woolfit, 8 a.m. 11a. m. 

EDINBURGH MAIL. 

Hotel, Kirkgate, J. Gilstrap, 1p.m. 10 a. m. 

GLASGOW MAI L. 
Kingston Arms, Marketplace, J. Lawton, 1p.m. 9| a. m. 

The Coaches for the cross roads are 

NOTTINGHAM COACH. 
From Hotel Kirkgate, J. Gilstrap, to Nottingham, 2 p.m. 
returns 12J p. m. Sundays excepted. 
LINCOLN COACH. 
To Hotel, Kirkgate, J. Gilstrap, from Lincoln, 12J p. m. 
on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, returns 2 p. m. 
NOTTINGHAM ACCOMODATION. 
From Robin Hood, Lombard street, T. Gamble, to Notting- 
ham, 8 a. m. returns 7§ p. m. 
LINCOLN ACCOMODATION. 
From Castle and Falcon, Beamond street, T. Gardner, to 
Lincoln, 6 a.m. on Tuesdays, Thurdays, and Saturdays, 
returns the following days. 
TALLY-HO. 
From Castle and Falcon, Beamond street, T. Gardner, to 
Manchester, 6 a.m. on Tuesdays, Thursdays, & Saturdays, 
returns the following days. 



HISTORY OF NEWARK. 31 

The market is holden on Wednesday, and 
excellently supplied, especially with corn and 
meat. There is also a Stock-market every 
fortnight. There are six fairs annually, viz. — 
Careing Fair. The Friday before Careing 
Sunday,* which is the Sunday fortnight be- 
fore Easter. — May 14, Whit-Tuesday, August 
2, November 1, and Monday before the 11th 
of December. 

In the year 1804, a Cheese-market was 
established, which has been hitherto very well 
attended. It is holden annually on the Wed- 
nesday before the 2d. of October. 

Newark is situated 124 miles distant from 
London, by Hatfield, and 120 by the way of 
Ware ; 76 from York, 16 from Lincoln, 20 

♦The Sunday which precedes Palm Sunday, was formerly 
called Careing Sunday, as rites peculiar to Good Friday wert 
used on this day ; which was called Passion Sunday in the 
Church of Rome, because they began to advert to the pas- 
sion of Christ. 



32 HISTORY OF NEWARK. 

from Sleaford, 14 from Grantham, 21 from 
Nottingham, 14 from Tuxford, and 8 from 
Southwell. 

According to the census, taken in 1811, 
Newark contained 1483 houses, and 7236 
inhabitants. 

The town of Newark, in common with 
the generality of aquatic situations, has rapidly 
increased within the space of the last century. 
The canvas of commerce, filled by the gale of 
prosperity, has poured into the lap of industry 
its merited reward. And although Newark 
may, perhaps, have lost somewhat of its for- 
mer aristocratic grandeur ; yet the suavity of 
the tradesman, the alertness of the artisan, 
together with the busy hum of indefatigable 
diligence, are more than ample remuneration, 
for that, which may, by some, be thought to 
be only an imaginary defect. 



83 



THE CASTLE. 

This celebrated fortress owes its origin to 
Alexander bishop of Lincoln, who was conse- 
crated in the year 1123, (23 H. I.). All the 
historians of that age concur in extolling the 
magnificence, hospitality and liberality of this 
prelate. He was nephew to Roger, bishop of 
Salisbury who built the three strong and 
stately Castles of Devizes, Sherburn, and 
Malmsbury, and whose turbulent disposition, 
not unfrequently strewed the pillow of royalty 
with thoms. The reigning monarch Stephen, 
although a man of intrepid valour and conside- 
rable prudence, nevertheless held the crown 
by a precarious title. The haughty barons and 
factious ecclesiastics were perpetually form- 
ing conspiracies against him. The fashion 
in those days, was to build a strong Castle, 



34 



THE CASTLE. 



arm the vassals, and upon the slightest either 
supposed or actual injury, form a combination 
and set regal authority at defiance. This 
continued to be the case during the whole 
time the dynasty of Plantagenet retained pos- 
session. In the succeeding ones of Tudor, 
their powers of mischief were somewhat re- 
bated ; nevertheless, many of the strong holds 
yet remained, which in the struggle between 
Charles and the republicans, gave so much 
trouble, that Cromwell on his gaining com- 
plete ascendancy, ordered their dismantling, 
denouncing them, and certainly with the 
utmost truth, if reference be had to their 
original foundation, as " nests for rebels."* 

Previous to the year 1138, (3 Stephen) 
Alexander built the Castle of Newark, not 
scrupling to declare openly, at the time, 

*In the time of Henry II, the reign succeeding the erec- 
tion of Newark Castle, there were not fewer than 1115 
fortresses of that description in England. William of New- 
berry, a cotemporary writer says, " there were in England, 
as many kings, or rather tyrants as lords of castles ; and 
Matthew Paris, who wrote in 1259, styles them " very 
nests of devils, and dens of thieves." 



THE CASTLE. 35 

it was designed as much for the security as 
the dignity of his church. He was soon made 
sensible of his miscalculation on that head. 
Nigel bishop of Ely another of Roger's ne- 
phews, and consequently cousin to Alexander, 
strove to outvie his uncle relative in pomp and 
ostentation. When the three prelates came 
to court their retinues were armed, and in 
such numbers as rendered them rather suspi- 
cious visitants. Stephen watched anxiously 
for an opportunity to humble their insolence, 
nor was one long wanting. In a general as- 
sembly held at Oxford, the retainers of the 
bishop of Salisbury, quarrelled with those of 
Alan of Bretagne, Earl of Richmond, one of 
whose knights was killed in the squabble, 
and many wounded on both sides. Roger's 
men had the advantage, being assisted by 
those of his nephews Alexander and Nigel, and 
also by the Chancellor's, who passed also for 
Roger's nephew, though in fact he was his 
natural son, by Maud of Ramesbury. 

The King seized with avidity, this occasion 
of humbling the insolence of the Triumvirate, 



36 THE CASTLE. 

and immediately summoned them, together 
with the Chancellor, to appear at court, and 
answer for the conduct of their domestics. 
The summons was just and legal; but the satis- 
faction demanded by the King was, by some, 
thought excessive. Not content with the 
penalty enjoined by law in like cases, it was 
insisted that the Bishops should deliver up all 
their castles, as security for future allegiance. 
Being taken unprepared, the holy family 
requested thne to consider of the matter. Ste- 
phen perfectly understood the intended const" 
deration, and seized upon their persons. By 
some means, Nigel made his escape, and re- 
paired to his uncle's castle at Devizes. This 
flight breaking off the negociation, the King, 
in person, immediately laid siege to the Castle, 
in which, together with his other valuables, 
was Maud, the concubine. The place being 
very strong, Stephen, who foresaw the diffi- 
culty of the siege, determined to act with 
decision. He ordered Roger the Bishop, un- 
bound, and the Chancellor in fetters, with a 
halter about his neck, to be led up close to the 
wall, and sent word to Maud, unless she de- 



THE CASTLE. 37 

livered up the Castle, the Chancellor, her son, 
should immediately be hanged, nor should the 
Bishop, her paramour, eat or drink till it was 
surrendered. These threats produced the de- 
sired effect, she delivered up the place ; the 
nest was amply feathered, forty thousand 
marks, in ready money, being found therein. 
Roger's other fortresses soon shared the same 
fate, Alexander was sent, a captive, to his own 
Castle at Newark, and finally obliged to pur- 
chase his liberty by giving up both that Castle, 
and Sleaford. 

DEATH OF KING JOHN. 

The Castle continued in the hands of the 
Crown, during the succeeding reigns of Henry 
II,. Richard I, and John; towards the close of 
whose sway, it was besieged by the Barons, 
who were in rebellion against their sovereign, 
under the command of Gilbert de Gaunt, 
whom Louis, the Dauphin of France, had cre- 
ated Earl of Lincoln. The garrison defended 
themselves. with great bravery, and a rumour 
being spread, that John was advancing to their 



38 



THE CASTLE. 



relief, the besiegers broke up, and thought it 
prudent to retire. Shortly after, John did ac- 
tually arrive, but it was in a dying condition, 
having been harrassed from place to place, not 
knowing whom to trust ; and being suspicious 
of his nearest friends. For which reason he 
carefully avoided fighting, and incessantly 
marched by devious routes, to break the mea- 
sures of his enemies. He thought himself 
safest in the county of Norfolk, where he chose 
the small town of Lynn to secure his treasures, 
his crown, sceptre, and other things of value. 
This place had expressed for him such affec- 
tion and loyalty, that, as a mark of his grati- 
tude, he granted it great privileges. Amongst 
other things, he instituted a mayorality, and 
presented the first mayor with his own sword, 
which is still kept in the archives of that place 
with great care. However as he found him- 
self pressed by the Barons, and fearing his 
treasures were not safe at Lynn, he resolved to 
move into Lincolnshire. In crossing the marsh 
which divides the counties of Norfolk and 
Lincoln, having been erroneously informed of 
the time of high water, the tide set in, he and 



THE CASTLE. 39 

his retinue very narrowly escaped drowning; 
with much difficulty they extricated them- 
selves from the imminent peril with which 
they were surrounded; but the baggage, 
which contained the regalia of England, was 
irretrievably buried in the waves. He arrived 
that night at Swineshead Abbey, where he 
lodged. His vexation for the loss, threw him 
into a violent fever, which was heightened by 
inconsiderately eating unripe peaches, and 
drinking new ale. On the morrow, not being 
able to ride, he was carried on a litter to Slea- 
ford Castle, which was still in the hands of the 
Crown, from whence, the next day, he pro- 
ceeded to Newark, where finding his illness 
increase, he made his Will, which appears to 
have been done in great haste, and at his last 
extremity. This instrument is without date, 
and evidently unfinished, by the introduction 
of the word Imprimis. The original is in latin, 
of which the following is a translation. — 

" I, John, King of England, Lord of Ire- 
land, Duke of Normandy, and Aquitaine,. 
Count of Anjou, being afflicted with a grievous 



40 THE CASTLE. 

sickness, which having not sufficient strength 
to bear, it behoveth me to provide for all mine, 
by making my Will, concerning my affairs. I 
commit the lawful administration and distri- 
bution of my Will to the trust and direction of 
my faithful counsellors, without whose advice, 
even when in health, I would in no wise direct, 
but particularly, at the present instant; and 
that what they shall honestly direct and order 
concerning my affairs, may be lawful and bind- 
ing, as well in jnaking satisfaction to God and 
Holy Church,for all indignities offered, dama- 
ges sustained, and injuries brought upon it by 
my means ; as in giving succour to the land 
of Jerusalem, in procuring aid to my sons for 
the purpose of seeking and maintaining their 
inheritance, and in remunerating those who 
have faithfully served us; in making distribu- 
tion to the poor, and to religious houses for 
the salvation of my soul. And I pray that he 
who shall give advice and assistance in fulfil- 
ling my Will, may possess the grace and favor 
of God; but that he who shall disturb its ad- 
ministration and order, may incur the curse 
and indignation of Almighty God, of the bles*^ 



THE CASTLE. 41 

ed Mary and of all the Saints. Imprimis, 
therefore I will that my body shall be buried 
in the church of Saint Mary and Wulstan of 
Worcester. And I appoint as such adminis- 
trators and distributors Lord G. by the grace 
of God, titular Cardinal of the church of Saint 
Martin, Legate of the holy church ; Lord 
Peter, Bishop of Winchester; Lord Richard, 
Bishop of Chichester; Lord Silvester, Bishop 
of Worcester ; William Mareshall, Earl of 
Pembroke; Robert, Earl of West Chester; 
William, Earl Ferrars, W. Browne, Walter 
de Lacey, John de Monemut, Savery de 
Mai eon, Faulk de Brent. ; ' 

The original is in the possession of the 
Dean and Chapter of Worcester. 

Rapin says, " The care of his salvation 
employed his thoughts during the rest of his 
sickness, which put an end to his days on the 
18th of October, 1216, in the fifty-first year 
of his age, after an unhappy reign of seventeen 
years, seven months and ten days." Con- 
sidering the acuteness and precipitancy of his 

D 



42 THE CASTLE. 

disease, the care that was taken of his salva- 
tion, was, but in a small degree, an act of his 
own, doubtless the whole round of monkish 
mummeries was scrupulously and religiously 
performed; and perhaps there may not be a 
lack of charity in asserting, they were not 
entirely devoid of that triumphant malice, 
with which the sacred order was, more or less 
infected in those days. John, in full health 
and the actual possession of his faculties, des- 
pised and hated, the whole body, from his 
Holiness on the throne, down to the men- 
dicant Friar at the cottage gate, nor, was he 
hypocrite sufficient to suffer an opportunity to 
escape him of evincing that contempt. It only 
is the characteristic of great minds, to forbear, 
the heaping of insult upon a fallen enemy. His 
bowels were carried to Croxton Abbey, in 
Staffordshire, and his remains interred in the 
Cathedral at Worcester, with little ceremony. 
His body was wrapped in a Monk's cowl, 
which was accounted a preservative against 
evil spirits. This extra caution spoke strong- 
lv to character ! It was fashionable, in those 
days to attribute the death of distinguished 



THE CASTLE. 43 

characters, on either side the question, to 
almost every other means than the ordinary 
course of nature, Caxton relates, that the night 
John was at Swineshead Abbey, it being in 
discourse how cheap corn then was, the King 
observed " He would ere long make it so dear, 
that a penny loaf should be sold for a shilling." 
At which a Monk, there present, took such 
indignation, that he went and put the poison 
of a toad into a cup of wine, and came and 
drank to the King, which made him pledge 
more readily. But finding himself very much 
out of order upon it, he asked for the Monk, 
and when it was told him he was dead, God 
havq mercy upon me (said the King) / doubted 
as much. The first part of the tale is not 
improbable, for if it be brought to mind, the 
humour John must necessarily have been in, on 
the night of his arrival at Swineshead, such a 
splenetic squib is not to be wondered at. But 
as to a Monk sacrificing himself at the altar 
of patriotism, and the poison of a toad, thev 
are, indeed, out of the ordinary course 
nature. 



n2 



44 THE CASTLE. 

Walter Hemingford, relates the tale a 
different way. His edition states, that the 
Abbot persuaded the Monk to poison the King, 
because he would have lain with his sister; 
and that he did it by a dish of pears, which 
he poisoned all but three. On presentation 
to the King, he was bid to taste them himself, 
which he did, eating only the three he had 
marked. That John, being a Plantagenet, 
would have lain with the Abbot's sister, or 
any other man's or woman's sister, there is 
not the least doubt, but if it were so, the 
attempt had scarcely been made on that even- 
ing. The plain fact seems to have been, vexa- 
tion, or his late immersion brought on a fever, 
and intemperance a dysentery. Be it as it 
may, the nation was happily rid of a murderer, 
a tyrant, and as unprincipled a rascal as ever 
disgraced a throne. 

In consequence of a treaty of peace, be- 
tween the Earl of Pembroke the Regent, in 
1218, and the Dauphin Lewis, all the Castles 
which the rebellious Barons had seized, were 
to be restored to their former owners ; this, 



THE CASTLE. 45 

as is ever the case amongst thieves, was not 
at all relishing. Opposition attempted to 
raise a front against authority ; Robert de 
Gaugy, who had surprised Newark Castle, 
was the only one who stood a siege, which 
continued but eight days, when he submitted. 
It seems to have been a mistake in Matthew 
Paris, that the Castle and appendages were 
restored to the See of Lincoln, as Hugh cle 
Wells, who then filled the episcopal throne, 
had been in arms on the part of the Barons. 

The Castle still remained a royal fortress, 
and in some instances, was used as a state pri- 
son; for in the last year of the reign of Edward 
III. (1377) according to Matthew Paris, Peter 
de la Mare, Speaker of the House of Commons, 
was held in confinement within its walls, at 
the instigation of the Duke of Lancaster, the 
King's uncle, whose ambitious views la Mare 
saw through and exposed. But perhaps the 
real cause of the Patriot's incarceration, was, 
his having made very free with the acts and 
deeds of the immaculate Alice Pierce, who was 
at that time the favorite of Edward. 



46 THE CASTLE. 

At what period, precisely, the Manor, Soc, 
and Castle of Newark were repossessed by the 
See of Lincoln, is not ascertained ; but in the 
year 1547, (1 Ed, VI.) Henry Holbeach, alias 
Rands, who had been one of the most servile 
tools of the tyrant Henry VIII, was translated 
to it, and as slaves, like spaniels, will answer 
to any whistle, to prove his gratitude, he sur- 
rendered in one day, all his ecclesiastical pos- 
sessions into the hands of his new master, and 
amongst the rest the Castle of Newark. 

Peck, in his Desiderata Curiosa, Lib. 2, p< 
18, states, under the head of Queen Elizabeth's 
annual expense, civil and military, 1578. 

£. s. d. 
Constable of the Castle ; Fee, 6 13 4 

Porter's Fee, 5 00 00 

This seems but a shabby pittance when 
compared with an item in the preceding co- 
lumn of the same page, viz. — 

ptrijs? <0ar&cm 

£. s. d. 

Keeper of the Queen's Beares ; Fee, .... 11 8 1 ob 
Keeper of the Queen's Mastyfs ; Fee, .... 21 5 10 ob 



THE CASTLE. 4/ 

Shewing, at a single glance, the compara- 
tive excellence of Dogs, Bears, and Castles, 
in the golden days of good Queen Bess. Some- 
what derogatory, this, to the keeper of the 
Key of the North, as Newark has often been 
emphatically stiled. 

The next royal visitor to the Castle, was 
James I, who on the twenty-first day of April, 
1602, arrived at Newark, in his way from 
Scotland, to take possession of the throne, on 
the decease of Elizabeth. During his stay he 
was lodged in the Castle, and entertained by 
the Corporation, who, amongst other tokens 
of loyalty presented him with a gilt cup. 
Newark had the honor of witnessing the first 
manifestation of the exercise of that darling 
prerogative, the abuse of which, ultimately, 
brought his son to the scaffold, and ren- 
dered his grandson a dependant fugitive. The 
incident was thus. — A cut purse * (according 

* In those days men wore their purses dangling" at their 
girdles, breeches pockets not being invented ; in fact that 
article of dress, in the present cut, was but in its infancy, 
and held in particular abomination by the puritanical 
monarch, vid. Basilicon Doron, Lib. 3. P. 83. 



48 



THE CASTLE. 



to Echard) being taken in the act of delin- 
quency, James, by his divine authority, issued 
a warrant for immediate execution, which, 
without further process or delay, was duly 
performed. 

It is recorded in the modem history, 
" that King James, when he arrived at 
Newark, was received by the Corporation, 
and addressed by the Alderman of that day, 
Mr. John Twentyman in a long Latin speech, 
with which his Majesty was so well satisfied, 
that he conferred on the orator, the office of 
purveyor of wax for the King's household, in 
the counties of Nottingham, York, Lincoln, 
and Derby. When the King was preparing 
to leave the town, he commanded the Alder- 
man to repeat his speech (which might be 
supposed by the nature of its reward to have 
been a candle light one). Upon asking him his 
name, and being informed it was Twentyman, 
the King replied somewhat sharply, " Then 
by my saule mon, thou art a traitor; the 
Twentymans pulled down the Red Kirk, in 
Scotland/' Notwithstanding this, the learned 



THE CASTLE. « 

Alderman's speech had made such an impres- 
sion upon the discriminating monarch, that 
he became a great favorite, and was always 
near his royal person in the numerous hunting 
excursions he made to Newstead Abbey, and 
other places in the forest of Shirewood." 
There appears to be some mistake, either in 
the narrating this matter, or the list of Alder- 
men, for William Parke stands as Alderman 
at that period; but most probably the learned 
assistant was appointed spokesman on the mo- 
mentous occasion from his knowledge of latin, 
which seems to have been peculiarly gratify- 
ing to the pedantic James. 

During the several sieges of this town, the 
garrison of the Castle baffled every effort of 
the enemy, but after Charles had surrendered 
himself to the Scots at Southwell, it was, on 
Thursday the eight day of May, 1646, by his 
order, though still thought tenable for many 
months, surrendered to the Covenanters. 

Shortly after, this venerable fortress was 
dismantled by orders from the parliament, 



50 



THE CASTLE, 



since which time it has gradually fallen into 
its present state of dilapidation. Many vestiges 
of its former stability greet the eye of the 
traveller, and excite different sentiments, 
according to the peculiar temperaments of 
the observers. 

DISCOVERY OF JOHN'S REMAINS, 

Extracted from a respectable perodical 
publication of the date of 1797- 

Worcester, July 20th. 

" In beginning the repairs of our Cathedral 
on Monday last, (July 17,) the tomb which 
stood in the nave, near the Chancel, to com- 
memorate the interment of King John, was 
proposed to be removed to a more convenient 
place ; but, to the astonishment of the work- 
men, a stone coffin was discovered at the 
bottom, * level with the floor, which, on care- 
fully examining it, was found to contain the 
remains of the King. From the great length 

* From whence this astonishment arose on finding a 
coffin in a tomb, will be the subject of a subsequent page. 



THE CASTLE. 51 

of time the body had been deposited, nothing 
but conjectural ideas could be formed as to 
the vestments, &c. Part of the robe was firm 
in its texture, but of what colour could not be 
ascertained. What was discovered of the body 
appeared to be nearly in the same position as 
the figure on the top of the tombstone, and, 
from the length of the coffin, measured five 
feet six inches and a half; part of a sword was 
lying by his left side, which time had nearly 
mouldered ; and the leather sheath was nearly 
in the same state ; the most perfect part was 
towards the bottom of the legs and feet, on 
which appeared a kind of half boot. A quantity 
of a sort of white paste lay in lumps on and 
below the belly, which, it may be supposed, 
had been poured into the body on the heart 
and bowels being taken out j on breaking a 
piece of the paste, it was mixed with the 
skeletons of maggots and flies, of which vast 
quantities lay on and about the body ; and on 
the right cheek of the skull there was a sharp 
point about half an inch long, and some grey 
hairs appeared under part of the cap, which 
had fitted the head very tight, and seemed to 



52 - THE CASTLE. 

have been buckled under the chin, part of the 
straps remaining; the robe had the appearance, 
in some parts, of having been embroidered, 
particularly on the right knee ; no bones of 
the fingers were to be found. One point as- 
certained is, that the body certainly was 
deposited here, and not in the more eastern 
part of the Church, as was supposed ; and the 
extraordinary circumstance of there being no 
memorandum or record of the place of inter- 
ment in the archives of the Cathedral is now 
obviated. It was observed by the masons 
that the coffin was cut out of Higley stone ; 
but there was no other top to it than two elm 
boards, which were perfectly sound." 

Further particulars from the same source 
dated September 2, 1797- 

"The account of the discovery of King 
John's body, agrees, in the main, with that 
just published by Mr. Green, the Worcester, 
Antiquary. What is there called lumps of 
white paste, on and below the belly, is there 
said to be mortar, supposed to have fallen ii 






THE CASTLE. 53 

when the body was removed from the Lady's 
Chapel into the present situation, by one 
Alchirche, a little before the dissolution, as 
mentioned by Leland, in his Itinerary VIII. 
129, The maggots were not found in the 
mortar, but on and about the body. What is 
here called a cap on the head, Mr. Green, 
denominates a Monk's Cowl, in which, the 
King desired to be buried as a passport through 
purgatory. It may be imagined, in the per- 
plexed state of that monarch's affairs at the 
time of his death, there was no time to dress 
his corpse in the same paraphernalia as his 
successor, Henry III, was found ; and as Ed- 
ward III, and others are represented on their 
tombs, in imitation, probably, of the state of 
the bodies within them. The skull did not 
present the face upwards, but the back part, 
and the upper jaw was fallen on the right arm; 
all evident marks of a former removal/' 

DESCRIPTION OF THE TOMB. 

Sandford, in his Genealogy, says, " The 
tomb, which is of grey marble, is placed be- 



54 THE CASTLE. 

tween the choir and the high altar. The figure 
of the King as big as the life, and the Bishops 
St. Oswald and St. Wulstan, at his head in 
little, with their censers in their hands, are 
carved in stone, which seems to be as ancient 
as the time of Henry III. but the altar stone on 
which it is placed, is of a modem fabric. 
There is no inscription." 

Mr. Green, in his history of Worcester 
states that " King John's body was conveyed 
hither, from Newark, by the Earl of Pem- 
broke. His effigy lies on the tomb, crowned, 
whereon was written, " Johannes Ilea; Anglia" 
which is now entirely defaced. In his right 
hand is part of a sceptre, in his left, a sword 
lying by him, whose point is received into the 
mouth of a couchant Lion at his feet. This 
figure is as large as life. On each side of him 
are cumbent images of the Bishops St. Oswald 
and St. Wulstan, censing him. This tomb is a 
cenotaph." — Current traditionhawmg declared 
the tomb to be empty, was the cause of the 
before noticed astonishment in the workmen.. 



55 



A BRIEF ACCOUNT 

OF THE 

STATE OF NEWARK, 

AT THE 

Commencement of the Civil War, between King Charles I, 

AND HIS PARLIAMENT, IN 1642 . 



>%^%< 



The town of Newark was considered as a 
most important pass from the south of England 
to the north. Its strong Castle defended a 
bridge over the river Devon, which ran at its 
foot, and commanded, when garrisoned, the 
river Trent, passing near the village of Kel- 
ham. It was then encompassed by a strong 
wall, three or four gates, a covered way, and 
bastions for the mounting of cannon. The 
inhabitants of the place had always been re- 
markable for their attachment to the cause of 
royalty ; and in this reign, suffered privations 
for its support, which, perhaps, are not to be 
paralleled in the annals of those tumultuous and 



56 STATE OF NEWARK, 1642. 

critical times. They declared for his Majesty 
in the very beginning of the civil war, carried 
arms to a man ; and there were generally in 
the place, nearly 4000 foot, and from 500 to 
1000 horse, who frequently made excursions, 
and were very troublesome to the parliament- 
arians at Nottingham, Lincoln, and the parts 
adjacent. 

The principal nobility and gentry of the 
county, were staunch loyalists, amongst whom 
were, the Earl of Newcastle, Lord Chesterfield, 
Lord Chaworth, Lord Biron, Sir John Savile, 
Sir Gervas Eyre, Sir John Digby, Sir Matthew 
Palmer, Sir Thomas Williamson, Sir Roger 
Cooper, Sir William Hickman, Sir Hugh 
Cartwright, Sir Thomas Willoughby, Sir 
Thomas Smith, Sir Thomas Blackwell, Mark- 
ham, Perkins, Tevery, Pearce, Palme, Wood, 
Sanderson, Moore, Mellish, Butler, and divers 
others. The Earl of Kingston vaccilated for 
a time, but at length loyalty preponderated. 
The Earl of Clare, changed sides often, and 
was not eminently serviceable to either party. 
Mr. Sutton, afterwards Lord Lexington, Sir 



STATE OF NEWARK, 1642. 57 

Gervas Clifton, and Mr. William Stanhope 
forsook the Parliamentary cause and joined the 
royalists. The family of Hutchinson were the 
principal adherents to the opposite party. 

It does not appear that Newark was, at 
this time, garrisoned, although the fortifica- 
tions were in a state of good repair, but soon 
after the battle of Edge-hill which was fought 
on 23rd day of October, 1642, the neighbour- 
ing counties began every where to associate, 
for the mutual assistance of each other. The 
parliament commissioned Major Generals, as 
commanders in chief, and to issue out com- 
missions to the respective commanders of 
regiments. Nottinghamshire was put into 
association with the counties of Derby, Leices- 
ter, and Lincoln, of which Lord Grey, of 
Groby, eldest son to the Earl of Stamford, 
was commander, and from him the Notting- 
ham party received their first commission. 
Newark soon became the head quarters of 
the Cavaliers, as Nottingham did of the Round- 
heads, but about the close of the year 1642. 
the neighbouring parts being in great commo- 

B 



58 SIEGE THE FIRST. 

tion, the country gentlemen threw themselves 
into Newark, as a place of greater security 
than their own houses, and having procured 
some regular soldiers, Sir John Henderson 
who commanded them, was appointed gover* 
nor of the town. 



SIEGE THE FIRST- 

Newark now began to wear a formidable 
aspect, ammunitionand provisions were stow- 
ed, cannon mounted and every necessary pre- 
caution taken. In order to nip this progress 
in its bud, about Candlemas, a consultation 
was held at Nottingham, when it was deter- 
mined to dispatch agents into Derbyshire and 
Lincolnshire, to propose the advancing of the 
Nottingham andDerby troops against Newark 
on the one side and those of Lincoln on the other, 
this proposal was acceded unto and immedi- 
ately acted upon. The Lincolnshire forces 



SIEGE THE FIRST. 59 

were commanded by one Ballard, a person of 
reputable, though decayed, family, who had 
seen much service abroad, and before his 
quitting England, had received many favours 
from numerous of the gentlemen, now cooped 
up within that place. It rather appears, that 
in taking part with the parliament " his 
poverty, but not his will consented " for it 
was not, till after repeated entreaty, he could 
be induced to march against the town. Had 
he relinquished the appointment, his character 
would have shone conspicuously bright, but 
unfortunately for his credit, he at length deter- 
mined to march, with the mental reservation 
not to ruin his former benefactors. He 
appointed the forces of Nottingham and Derby 
to rendezvous within a mile of Newark, on a 
certain day stated 5 but upon which day the 
most urgent persuasions could not induce him 
to march out according to engagement. There 
is strong ground for suspicion, that he even 
acted the part of a villain, in this stage of the 
business, and betrayed the whole to the 
cavalier party in the town, as an ambuscade 
was formed to intercept the troops before they 

*2 



60 



SIEGE THE FIRST. 



arrived at their place of destination. An 
extraordinary storm, intervening, protracted 
their march one day, otherwise, in all proba- 
bility every man would have been sacrificed. 
The associated forces, about 1000 horse and 
foot, having arrived, the commanders in the 
Lincolnshire troops made communication of 
the incomprehensible conduct of Ballard, 
charging him with having played his ordnance 
at such a distance from the town as to be 
perfectly non-effective, and also that when the 
Newark horse made a foraging sally, he 
would not suffer a man of his people to stir 
from their post upon Beacon-hill, though far 
more numerous ; and eager for engagement. 
When waited upon by the commander of the 
associated forces, to inform him of their arrival 
and to receive orders, the only answer to be 
obtained was, they might take a station and 
attack when opportunity occurred. They 
accordingly did so, and drove the enemy from 
their works with the loss of only four or five 
men, and entrenching themselves, provided 
straw, in order to lodge in the trenches all 
uight. On the opposite side of the town 



SIEGE THE FIRST. 61 

Captain King, of the Lincolnshire had advanc- 
ed into Northgate, cut up a chain and placed a 
drake, or small piece of cannon in a house, up- 
on which the Cavaliers in the town were panic 
stricken, and suggested an instant delivering 
up of the place, some prepared to flee, and 
many actually did evacuate it ; but Ballard 
would not suffer his horse to pursue them. 
One of his Captains indignant at such shame- 
less perfidy, advanced towards the gate with 
50 of his troop and drove back into the town 
those who were attempting to escape. At 
length Ballard, firmly persuaded, he could 
not, by any other means, preserve his old 
patrons, than by betraying his present em- 
ployers, peremptorily ordered Captain King 
to retreat, whereupon the whole force of 
N ewark sallied out upon the Nottingham and 
Derby, in their trenches, the resistance was 
firm and resolute, until a Lincolnshire trooper, 
sent by Ballard for the immediate purpose of 
alarm, came at full speed calling out to them 
to " flee for their lives, or they were all lost 
men/' Upon this 200 men, whom Ballard 
had, after much entreaty, sent to their relief, 



62 SIEGE THE FIRST. 

gave way, the Derby, under Sir John Gell, 
followed their example, leaving the Notting- 
ham to sustain the whole weight of the attack. 
This they did till their ammunition was 
expended, and Ballard refusing to supply them 
with more, they made good their retreat with 
little loss, taking with them two pieces of 
cannon which he, as a kind of salvo had 
presented them with.* Immediately on the 
departure of his troublesome visitors, the 
governor, as a matter of cruel prudence, caused 
the houses in Northgate, and amongst the rest 
a stately one belonging to the Earl of Exeter, 
erected on the ancient site of St. Leonard's 
Hospital, to be burned, in order to avoid a 
repetition of such close annoyance j but the 
destruction of the latter was not so complete, 
as to prevent its being rendered subservient to 
military purposes in the next siege. 

The country gentlemen, thus emancipated 

* Nothing, excepting the general good of the cause, could 
palliate the abject meanness of receiving a present from such 
hands; but the application of the useful has, in all times been 
found to possess wonderfully balsamic virtues. 






SIEGE THE FIRST. 63 

from their durance honorable, and determined 
not again to tempt the danger they had so 
narrowly escaped, (for had Ballard done his 
duty, the whole covey would inevitably have 
been trussed up, at one " fell swoop ") im- 
mediately proceeded to fortify their several 
houses. Wiverton-house and Shelford* manor 
w T ere both garrisoned, as were the Earl of 
Newcastle's and Sir Roger Cooper's, at Thur- 
garton Priory; and the parliamentary forces 
in the neighbourhood, Nottingham the head 
quarters included, did not exceed 1000 men, 
but this respite was of short duration ; for 
another and more severe trial of the fortitude 
and bravery of the inflexible inhabitants of 
Newark soon occurred. 

* Shelford-house was stormed October 27th, 1645, bv 
Pointz, under circumstances of the most savage slaughter. 
Wiverton-house surrended the next day, and was demolished. 
A short time previous, Sir Roger Cooper, his brother Cecil, 
and garrison of 40 men were made prisoners and conveyed 
to Nottingham, by Colonel Thorney, 



64 



SIEGE THE SECOND, 

JBy Meldrum, Hubbard, and Willoughby, 

RAISED BY PRINCE RUPERT, * 



>#^«< 



" Towards the close of the year 1643, 
Newark had been again, besieged some time, 
and the brave garrison and townsmen reduced 
to the greatest distress, when Charles, justly, 
alarmed at the danger to which a place of such 
importance was exposed, was resolved, at any 
hazard, to relieve the town, in order where- 
unto he sent an express to Prince Rupert, 
which found him on the 12th of March, at 
Chester, commanding him to draw w T hat forces 

* He was nephew to Charles, being the son of his sister 
Elizabeth, who married Frederic, Elector Palatine of the 
Rhine, from whom the present family on the throne are 
lineally descended. 



SIEGE THE SECOND. 65 

he could together, arid raise the siege of 
Newark ; * upon this advice he made all 
haste to Shrewsbury, speeding away Major 
Legg, (general of the ordnance) before, to 
chuse out so many commanded Musqueteers 
of the English (of late come out of Ireland) 
as might well be spared out of that garrison. 
These were a thousand Musqueteers of Colonel 
Broughton's and Colonel Tillier's, regiments, 
with a hundred and twenty of Colonel Sir 
Fulk Hunk's. All these, sent down by the 
Severn, met the Prince at Bridgenorth, on 
Friday. Of horse he took along, his own 
troop, and regiment, with twenty of Major 
General Urrey's ; with these forces he drew 
along, three field pieces. At Wolverhampton, 
the next day his army was recruited by 100 
horse, and 200 foot, of Colonel Leveso?i 9 s. 
On Monday night he had notice at Ashhy de 
la Zouch, of 2200 enemies under Sir Edward 
Hartop, sent out by Meldrum to the pass and 
bridge over the Soar, a mile from Lough- 
borough, in Leicestershire. Their purpose 

* Virl. Sir Richard Baker. 



66 SIEGE THE SECOND. 

was, either to intercept Major General Porter, 
or to prevent his joining with my Lord Lough- 
horow : for thither, with four regiments of 
horse, and 1000 commanded Musqueteers of 
my Lord of Newcastle } s men, was Porter now 
come from about Newark, to hinder the 
further inroads into Leicestershire. Daily 
slight skirmishes had passed. For Meldrum 
not able to force the passage, and hearing of 
my Lord of Loughborow's drawing out, stole 
away. Porter, thus disengaged, was, the 
next day, together with my Lord Loughborow's 
forces joined to those of the Prince. That 
night they all quartered in a close by Bingham, 
eight miles short of Newark. About two of 
the clock, the moon then well up, the drums 
beat, and all marched. Hitherto had the 
marches been so speedy, as fame itself was 
prevented, for, by Meldrum' s own letter sent 
to the Lord Fairfax, which was intercepted 
the night before, they had no more than an 
unaccredited rumor of Prince Rupert's coming. 
On this day's march the Prince had notice, by 
his espials, how the enemy was busied all that 
morning in sending away their cannon, which 



SIEGE THE SECOND. 67 

proved no other, than their drawing them off 
their batteries into their chief work at the 
Spittle, or Exeter House a little more than 
musket shot from the town; for, into that 
quarter had they, this morning, drawn all their 
regiments and ammunition. The Prince hav- 
ing intelligence of their amassing themselves 
thus, into one body, which he supposed to be 
a preparation to march off suddenly; advanced 
his van of horse upon the spur to overtake 
them : the rest of his horse had orders to keep 
along with the foot, cannon, and amunition. 
Coming near the Beacon-hill, a mile short of 
Newark, he perceived some horses of the ene- 
my ; who, upon his approach, drew down the 
other side to their own gross. The Prince 
thus easily gaining the hill, was earnest to 
pursue his good fortune, under the apprehen- 
sion of having many advantages over a retreat- 
ing enemy : whereupon he gave orders to 
charge them with all the horse then with him, 
and engage them till the rear and foot should 
be marched up to him. Trooping thus to the 
edge of the hill, he perceived most of the ene- 
my in Battalia, (horse and foot) near the Spit- 



68 SIEGE THE SECOND. 

tie : all except four great bodies of horse, who 
waited to receive him at the very descent of 
the hill. 

" The Prince thus ordered his own few 
forces 5 first, himself with his own troop of 
life guards, undertook to attack that body on 
the left hand, appointing my Lord Lough- 
horow's troop to second him, and Colonel 
Charles Gerard's to be as a reserve, a little on 
my Lord's right hand. The Prince's regiment 
was cast into five divisions, two troops to each 
division : in the first and very right hand of 
all, were Captain Gardner and Captain Rich- 
ardson; then the Lord Grandison and Sir 
Thomas Dallison, next them, the troops of 
Sir Lewis Dives, Major Legge, and Lieutenant 
Colonel O' Neil's troops, being next unto the 
life guards; this regiment was seconded by 
Major General Porter's regiment : the field- 
word was King and Queen, their opponent's 
Religion. The fight began about nine o'clock 
in the morning, March the 21st, 1643, and af- 
ter some time grew very warm, especially 
on the Prince's right wing, the other doubling 



SIEGE THE SECOND, 



69 



their files from three to six deep, and charged 
the two outermost troops upon the flanks with 
such violence, that they must have been broken, 
had not Captain Martin rendered timely as- 
sistance and beat them off: the Prince, himself, 
having pierced deeply into the enemies line, 
and being known, was dangerously assaulted 
by three sturdy persons, whereof one fell by 
his own sword, a second being pistolled by 
Master Montaign, one of his gentlemen, the 
third, in the act of laying his hand on the 
Prince's collar, had it nearly chopped off by 
Sir William Neal. Prince Rupert being thus 
disengaged, without any other injury than a 
shot in his gauntlet, with Sir Richard Crane's 
own troop, charged quite through the enemy, 
pursuing them in rout home to their works at 
the Spittle. Shortly after this, his regiment, 
with their seconds, likewise routed the three 
other bodies, four of the troops charging even 
into the work, and bringing aw T ay a captain, pri- 
soner. hordLoughborow, in this action, deport- 
ed him self most honorably ; some of his troop 
shrinking at the second charge, he rode back, 
rallied and brought them up again. Colonel 



70 SIEGE THE SECOND. 

Gerard was shot in the arm, in this encounter, 
and being, by the fail of his horse, much 
bruised, was taken prisoner. 

" After some pause, both sides began to 
make ready for another charge, the Prince to 
make impression, and they to receive it ; and 
though, for a good while, it was disputed 
tough ly, yet, by mere force were the enemy 
driven quite out of the field and far beyond 
their own work, foot, and cannon at the 
Spittle ; divers of them hasting by a bridge of 
boats over the Devon into the Island ; four 
other troops, with as many companies of foot 
hurried up to Muskham-hridge on the opposite 
side of the Island, and on the river Trent 
about three quarters of a mile from Newark, 
and the Spittle; here they remained till towards 
evening, when, breaking the bridge behind 
them, and throwing one piece of cannon into 
the Trent, they hasted to Nottingham. 

" In both these stiff bouts, the Prince took 
five Cornets and ninety prisoners, whereof 
three were Captains, some Gentlemen, 



SIEGE THE SECOND. 71 

besides other officers, and two cannoniers. 
And now, as if a universal truce had been 
agreed upon, there was some half an hour's 
silence, excepting, at times, disturbed by the 
enemy's cannon. The Prince now waited for 
his foot, and the rear of his horse, both of 
which had been left behind at the distance of 
two miles: the van be^an to double their 
march to come up to the enemy, anon came 
up the foot, all that day commanded by 
Colonel Tillier, these, after halting awhile 
upon the hill, the first division being part of 
those who came from Shrewsbury ^ were led 
on by the Colonel, and marched down in the 
face of the enemy, hooting, in derision, at 
their cannon, and being flanked by some horse, 
thev were wheeled to the ri^ht into a meadow. 
On their arrival, the enemy drew all their 
horse and foot within their Spittle work, and 
both sides saluted each other, though at too 
great a distance, with a short volley. Colonel 
Tilliers orders were to march up to the river's 
side, in order to take the boat-bridge from the 
enemy ; but this being strongly guarded, he 
was glad to retire, and take ground out of the 



72 SIEGE THE SECOND. 

reach of the cannon. In the mean time divers 
other bodies were brought into the field, who, 
charging up to the enemies work, killed many; 
Loughborow's men being left upon the hill as 
a reserve. Thus was the valley bespread with 
the Prince's battalions, Sir Richard Byron, 
Governor of Newark, having previously sent 
a part of his garrison, both horse and foot, into 
another ground on the south-east side of the 
town. By this time the Prince had notice 
given him, by a prisoner, and also by a deser- 
ter, how much the enemy were distressed for 
want of victuals, and that they were not able 
to live there two days. Whereupon he began 
to resolve upon other counsels, esteeming it 
cheaper to block up their trenches, than to 
storm them. And blocked up already were 
they in a very narrow space, no more being 
free than the rear of the Spittle towards the 
river. Besides which, they were on all sides, 
by this time surrounded by the royal forces. 
On the south side by the town; on the east 
by the Prince ; and on the north by Colonel 
Tillier. Into the Island on the west, the Prince 
had detached 500 horse, besides 200 of the 



SIEGE THE SECOND. 73 

Newark troopers. Thus, the late blockers 
found themselves besieged, and without much 
hope of sudden relief, or safe means for sally j 
for so well had the Prince ordered them, that, 
had they sallied forwards, he had fallen upon 
them on their first issuing out, both in front, 
and flanks, with his army, and the town had 
charged them upon their rear. Had they 
attempted to escape over their boat-bridge, 
those in the isle had disturbed their passage, 
and others entertained them on coming over. 

" By this time had the Prince commanded 
Sir Richard Byron with his own, and Sir 
Gervas Eyre's horse regiment, with 800 of 
Sir John Dighy's foot, to advance so high into 
the Island, as to put in betwixt the enemy's 
two bridges; by which interposition was all 
intercourse cut off betwixt their greater 
body at the Spittle, and those at Maskham 
bridge : upon this, those eight colours at the 
bridge retreated as aforesaid. Under favour 
of those town forces too, was the Prince resol- 
ved to cast up a redoubt that night betwixt the 
bridges, but going to view r the ground, the 



74 SIEGE THE SECOND. 

enemy sent out a trumpet, to desire a parley. 
To make way for this, and the more to sweeten 
and oblige the Prince, had Sir John Meldrum, 
some hours before, sent home Colonel Gerard, 
but, upon the parole of a soldier and a gentle- 
man, to return himself a prisoner whenever he 
should be called. They having sent to parley, 
quitted their bridge, which the Prince present- 
ly possessed by 100 Musqueteers. For the 
mrley^ on the Prince's side were appointed 
Sir Richard Crane, captain of his life guards, 
Sir William Neale, scout master general, the 
other sending Sir Miles Hobard, and Sir John 
Palgrave, two Colonels of Norfolk, on their 
part. The Prince's horse were so overmarch- 
ed, and the foot so beaten off their legs by long 
marches, that he found his men not very able 
to engage anew, and the enemy were more 
than was believed ; so that he was willing to 
give them good conditions, and the rather, 
for that, by an intercepted letter it appeared, 
the Lord Fairfax and his son Sir Thomas, 
being commanded by the council of state, to 
march, to other places, might, ere long, have 
need of his presence, so that, at length, he 
condescended to these articles. 



SIEGE THE SECOND; 7& 

1. That all match, bullet, powder, cannon 
and all other fire arms belonging to the artillery 
be delivered.* 

2. That all soldiers march away with their 
swords by their sides, and colours and drums. 

3. That all officers march without molesta- 
tion, with their arms and horses for themselves 
and servants, and all bag, baggage, money and 
whatsoever doth truly belong to themselves. 

4. That all troopers and dragoons march 
with their swords, horses and colours. 

5. That his Highness send a convoy to 
protect us from any injury two miles from the 
utmost of his Highness quarters. 

Dated March 22nd, 1643. 

Although only one of the besieging com- 
manders is particularly mentioned in the 
engagement, yet it is certain Sir Michael 

* By this victory above 4000 stand of arms, 11 pieces 
of brass cannon, and 60 barrels of powder fell into the 
hands of the Prince. The arms were left behind as the 
brave inhabitants of the town wished to form themselves 
into Volunteer companies in order to assist the garrison. 
The muster roll of those heroes would have been invaluable* 

v2 






76 SIEGE THE SECOND. 

Hubbard had his quarters at Balderton and 
Lord Willoughby of Parham occupied Bea- 
con-hill at the time of the Prince's arrival. 

There is an apparent inconsistency on the 
face of this account, yet by a little attention 
to situation and circumstance the involving 
doubts are easily cleared. It may excite some 
surprise to hear of Prince Rupert marching 
from Bingham, south-west of Newark at 
two o'clock in the morning of the 21st, and 
find him, between eight and nine making an 
attack on Willoughby's division on Beacon- 
hill, which is due east ; but it must be 
recollected that Hubbard lay at Balderton, 
and probably, the Prince fearing to alarm that 
quarter if he passed between him and Newark, 
took a circuitous rout at the back of Balderton 
and from thence fell into the line of the Cod- 
dington road ; otherwise how can upwards of 
six hours march be accounted for, in travers- 
ing so short a distance. This well contested 
battle was fought near to the north gate ; and so 
great was the panic occasioned by the exploit,, 
that Hubbard and Willoughby immediately 



SIEGE THE SECOND. 77 

broke up, and the garrisons of Gainsborough, 
Lincoln and Sleaford were abandoned by the 
parliamentary forces. It was an occurrence 
during this relief which gave rise to the 
traditional anecdote of the 

OLD DRUM. 

The garrison being nearly starved out, the 
governor was under hourly apprehensions 
that the brave townsmen would commit some 
act of desperation in order to relieve their 
distresses. Since the rumour of the expecta- 
tion of the Prince's army in the neighbourhood, 
the lines of the enemy were so much contract- 
ed, that it was almost impracticable to 
acquaint him with the extent of their priva- 
tions, without danger of the intelligence being 
intercepted. The Prince wished to concert 
with the governor the most feasible means of 
attacking the enemy with a prospect of success, 
and had communicated a character under 
which they were to correspond for that pur- 
pose; but after sending two messengers with 
this, and notice of his arrival, and only one of 



78 SIEGE THE SECOND. 

them having gained the town, the governor 
justly apprehended the other had been inter- 
cepted by the enemy, and the secret thereby 
discovered. He at length dispatched the 
following message, which he trusted would 
not be understood, even if the character in 
which it was written should be, by any one 
excepting those to whom it was directed. For 
as numbers deserted daily, he durst not entrust 
any individual with the nature of the dispatch 
he carried. The words of the letter were 
these— " Let the OLD DRUM on the north 
side be beaten early on the morrow morning." 
— By the Old Drum was intended to be meant 
Sir John Meldrum.* 

During this siege Mr. Clay, a tradesman of 
eminence, whose dwelling stood in the Market 
place, dreamed three times successively in 
the same night that his house was in flames, 
^he arose on the third w T aming, exceedingly 
terrified and in extreme agitation, alarmed 

* This able commander was killed at the siege of 
Scarborough Castle between two and three years after. 



SIEGE THE SECOND. 79 

the whole family, and caused them to quit the 
premises ; though, at that time, all was in 
perfect safety, and not the least appearance of 
fire. Soon after, a bomb from a battery on 
Beacon-hill, intended, as was supposed for the 
governor's habitation, fell upon the roof of his 
house, and penetrated through all the floors, 
but, happily, did • but little execution. In 
memory of this very extraordinary escape , a 
sermon is preached every year on the 11th of 
March, the anniversary of the event, and a 
penny laof given to every poor inhabitant 
of the town. 

In the same siege a cannon ball perforated 
the north-east cant of the spire of the Church, 
a little below the bottom window, the aperture 
remains visible. 

The subsequent part of this year, the war 
was carried on, chiefly, in the western coun- 
ties; but, early in the spring 1644, it was deter- 
mined by the parliament, to endeavour to shut 
out Charles entirely from the northern parts 
of the kingdom. Newark was the only strong- 



80 SIEGE THE THIRD, 

place which presented a serious obstacle to 
this design, accordingly a numerous army, un- 
der the command of Lord Fairfax was ordered 
to form the third siege. 



SIEGE THE THIRD. 



This was carried on during the whole of 
the year with great vigour; yet, notwithstand- 
ing the strict beleaguer, the brave Newarkers 
did not let slip any opportunity, that offered, 
of evincing their enterprising spirit, for on the 
22nd day of December, they surprised two 
troops of the Nottingham horse at Upton, and 
brought them off prisoners. In the beginning 
of 1645, the blockade was so strict that the 
miseries of famine made dreadful havoc a- 
mongst the garrison. Desperate sallies were 
made to obtain, even a temporary suspension 
of the pangs of hunger, nevertheless, the most 
tremendous cannonades were borne with 



SIEGE THE THIRD. 81 

undaunted firmness ; when Prince Rupert 
being made sensible of the dangerous state of 
the place, determined on an attempt being 
made for its immediate relief. 

The command of this expedition was en- 
trusted to Sir Marmaduke Langdale, an 
able and experienced officer. It was, perhaps, 
the most arduous service which occurred in 
the course of the Avar. An account, taken 
from the Manuscript copy of a gentleman who 
was of the party, was printed in the year 17S2, 
and as the book is now growing rather out of 
memory, it may not be irrelevant to present 
it to the reader in the Author's own words. 

" I was quartered all this winter at Ban- 
bury, and went little abroad ; nor had we any 
action till towards the end of February, when 
I was ordered to march to Leicester with Sir 
Marmaduke Langdale, in order, as we thought, 
to raise a body of men in that county, and 
Staffordshire, to join the King." 

" We lay at Daventry one night, and con- 



82 SIEGE THE THIRD. 

tinned our march to cross the river Nen, 
above Northampton, that town being in pos- 
sesion of the enemy ; we understood a party of 
the Northampton forces were abroad, and in- 
tended to attack us. Accordingly, in the 
afternoon, our scouts brought us word, the 
enemy were quartered in some villages on the 
road to Coventry ; our commander thinking 
it much better to set upon them in their quar- 
ters, than to wait for them in the field, resolved 
to attack them early in the morning, before 
they were aware of it. We refreshed ourselves 
in the field for that day, and getting into a 
great wood near the enemy, we stayed there 
all night, till almost break of day, without be- 
ing discovered. 

" In the morning, veiy early, we heard the 
enemy's trumpet sound, to horse ; this roused 
us to look abroad ; and sending out a scout, 
he brought us word that a party of the enemy 
was at hand. We were vexed to be so disap- 
pointed, but, finding their party small enough 
to be dealt with, Sir Marmaduke ordered me 
to charge them with 300 horse and 200 dra- 



SIEGE THE THIRD. 83 

goons, while he, at the same time, entered the 
town. Accordingly I lay still till they came to 
the very skirt of the wood where I was posted, 
when I saluted them with a volley from my 
dragoons, out of the wood, and immediately 
shewed myself with my horse in their front, 
ready to charge them ; they appeared not to 
be surprised, but received our charge with 
great resolution; and, being above 400 men, 
they pushed me vigorously in their turn, put- 
ting my men into some disorder. In this 
extremity, I sent to order the dragoons to 
charge them in the flank, which they did with 
great bravery, and the other still maintained 
the fight with desperate resolution. There 
was no want of courage in the men on both 
sides; but our dragoons had the advantage, 
and at last routed and drove them back to the 
village. 

" Here Sir Marmaduke Langdale had his 
hands full too ; for my firing had alarmed the 
places adjacent, that when he came into the 
town he found them all in arms; and, contrary 
to his expectation, two regiments of foot, with 



84 SIEGE THE THIRD. 

about 500 horse more. As Sir Marmaduke 
had no foot, only horse and dragoons, this was 
surprise to him; but he caused his dragoons 
to enter the town and charge the foot, while 
his horse secured the avenues." 

" The dragoons bravely attacked the foot, 
and Sir Marmaduke falling in with his horse, 
the fight was obstinate and very bloody, when 
the horse that I had routed came flying into 
the street of the village, and my men at their 
heels. Immediately I left the pursuit, and 
fell in with all my force to the assistance of 
my friends, and after an obstinate resistance, 
we routed the whole party; killed about 700 
men, took 350, 27 officers, 100 arms, all their 
baggage, and 200 horses, we then continued 
our march to Harhorough and halted to re- 
fresh ourselves." 

" Betw r een Harhorough and Leicester, we 
met with a party of 800 dragoons of the Par- 
liamentary forces. They found themselves too 
lew to attack, and therefore to avoid us, had 
got into a small wood j but perceiving them- 



SIEGE THE THIRD. 

selves discovered, came boldly out, and placed 
themselves at the entrance, of a lane, lining 
both sides of the hedges with their shot. We 
immediately attacked, and beat them from the 
hedges into the wood, and out of it, forcing 
them at last to a downright runaway, on foot, 
among the inclosures, where we could not 
follow them, killed about 100, and took 250 
prisoners, with all their horses, and came that 
night to Leicester. When we came there, and 
had taken up our quarters, Sir Marmaduke 
Langdale sent for me to sup with him, and 
told me, that he had a secret commission in 
his pocket, which his Majesty had commanded 
him not to open till he came to Leicester ; 
that now, he had sent for me, to open it to- 
gether, that we might know what it was we 
were to do, and to consider how to do t it; so pull- 
ing out his sealed orders, we found we were ta 
get what force we could together, and a cer- 
tain number of carriages with ammunition^ 
which the Governor of Leicester was to de- 
liver us, together with a certain quantity of 
provision, especially corn and salt, in order to* 
relieve Newa.uk.." 



86 SIEGE THE THIRD. 

" This town had long been besieged ; the for- 
tifications of the place, together with its situa- 
tion, had rendered it one of the strongest in 
England ; and as it was the greatest pass in 
the kingdom, so it was of vast consequence to 
the King's affairs. There was in it a garrison 
of brave old rugged boys, fellows, that like 
Count Tilly's* Germans, had iron faces, and 
they had defended themselves with extraordi- 
nary bravery a great while, but were reduced 
to an exceeding strait for want of provisions." 

" Accordingly we received the ammunition 
and provision, and away we went for Newark; 
about Melton Mowbray f Colonel Roseter set 
upon us, with above 3000 men; we were about 
the same number, having 2500 horse, and 800 
dragoons. We had some foot, but they were 
still at Harhorough y and were ordered to come 
after us, 

" Roseter, like a brave officer, as he was, 
charged us with great fury, and rather outdid 

* A celebrated Austrian general of that time. 
f February 25, 1645. Wharton. 



SIEGE THE THIRD. 87 

us in number, while we defended ourselves 
with all the eagerness we could, and withal 
gave him to understand we were not to be 
beaten so soon as he expected. While the 
fight continued doubtful, especially on our 
side, our people, who had charge of the car- 
riages and provisions, began to enclose our 
flanks with them, as if we had been marching; 
which, though it was done without orders, had 
two very good effects, and which did us extra- 
ordinary service. First it secured us from 
being charged in the flank, which Roseter 
had twice attempted; and secondly, it secured 
our carriages from being plundered, which 
had spoiled our expedition. Being thus en- 
closed, we fought with great security; and 
though Roseter made three desperate charges 
upon us, he could never break us. Our men 
received him with so much courage, and 
kept their order so well, that the enemy find- 
ing it impossible to force us, gave over and 
left us to pursue our orders. We did not offer 
to chase them, but were contented enough to 
have repulsed and beaten them off, and our 
business being to relieve Newark, we pro- 
ceeded. 



88 SIEGE THE THIRD, 

If we are to reckon by the enemy's usual 
method, we gained the victory, because we 
kept the field, and had the pillage of their 
dead; but otherwise, neither side had any 
great cause to boast. We lost about 150 men 
and nearly as many hurt ; they left 170 on the 
spot and carried off some. How many they 
had wounded we could not tell; we got 70 or 
80 horses, which helped to remount some of 
our men who had lost theirs in the fight. 
We had however, this disadvantage, that 
we were to march on immediately after this 
service ; the enemy only having to retire to 
their quarters, which were but hard by. This 
was an injury to our wounded men, who were 
afterwards obliged to be left at Belvoir Castle, 
and from thence we advanced to Newark." 

" Our business at Newark was to relieve 
the place, and this we resolved to do, what- 
ever it might cost, though, at the same time, 
we resolved not to fight, unless we were forced 
to it. The town was rather blocked up, than 
besieged; the garrison was strong, but ill 
provided; we had sent them word of our com- 






SIEGE THE THIRD. 89 

ing, and our orders to relieve them, and they 
proposed some measures for our doing it. The 
chief strengtli of the enemy lay on the other 
side of the river; but they having also some 
notice of our design, had sent over forces to 
strengthen their leaguer on the other side. 
The garrison had often surprised them by sal- 
lies, and indeed had chiefly subsisted for some 
time by what they brought in on this manner.' ' 

" Sir Marmaduke Langdale, who was our 
general for the expedition, was for a general 
attempt to raise the siege; but I dissuaded 
him from it; first, " because if we should be 
beaten, as might be probable, we should then 
lose the town," Sir Marmaduke briskly re- 
plied, " a soldier never ought to suppose he 
should be beaten/' " but Sir, (says I) you will 
get more honour by relieving the town, than 
by beating them ; one will be a credit to your 
conduct, as the other will be to your courage ; 
and, if you think you can beat them, you may 
do it afterwards, and then if you are mistaken, 
the town is, nevertheless secured, and half 
your victory gained." 

G 



90 SIEGE THE THIRD. 

" He was prevailed with to adhere to this 
advice, and accordingly we appeared before 
the town, about two hours before night. The 
horse drew up before the enemy's works ; the 
enemy drew up within their works, and seeing 
no foot, expected our dragoons would dismount 
and attack them. They were in the right to 
let us attack, because of the advantage of their 
batteries and works, if that had been our 
design ; but, as we intended only to amuse 
them, this caution of theirs effected our intent; 
for while we thus faced with our horse, two 
regiments of foot> which came up to us but 
the night before, and w r ere all the infantry we 
had, with the waggons of provisions, and 500 
dragoons, taking a compass clean round the 
town, posted themselves on the lower side, by 
the river. Upon a signal, the garrison agreed 
on before, they sallied out at this very juncture, 
with all the men they could spare, and divi- 
ding themselves into two parties, whilst one 
party moved to the left to meet our relief, the 
other fell upon that body which faced us. We 
kept in motion, and upon this signal advanced 
to their works, our dragoons fired upon them, 






SIEGE THE THIRD. 91 

and the horse wheeling and countermarching 
often, kept them in continual expectation of 
an attack. By these means the enemy were 
kept employed, and our foot, with the waggons, 
appearing on that quarter where they were 
the least expected, easily defeated the advanced 
guards, and forced that post ; where, entering 
the leaguer, the other part of the garrison, 
Avho had sallied that way, came up to them, 
received the waggons, and the dragoons enter- 
ed with them into the town. That party 
which we faced on the other side of the works ; 
knew nothing of what was done till it was 
over; the garrison retreated to the town in 
good order, and we drew off, having finished 
what we came for, with little fighting. Thus 
we plentifully stored the town with all things 
wanting, and with the addition of 500 dragoons 
to their garrison; after which we marched 
away." 

All hope of reducing the town by famine, 
being for the present extinguished ; early in 
March, the besieging forces broke up, and the 
brave garrison were once more set at liberty. 

g2 



92 SIEGE THE THIRD. 

The gallant use they made of that liberty, will 
furnish brilliant matter for the ensuing pages. 

The parliament, besides their head quarters 
at Nottingham, had a strong garrison at Gran- 
tham, and considerable forces at Southwell, 
Shelford, Belvoir Castle, Torksey and Wel- 
beck. The garrison of Newark attacked all 
these places at different times, and generally, 
with more success than their numbers might 
seem to warrant. 



93 



PARTICULAR 

ENTERPRIZES OF THE NEWARKERS, 

Surprize and Plunder of Nottingham. 



About the beginning of September, 1642, 
all the horse being drawn out of Nottingham, 
and the troops in Newark apprised that the 
garrison was in a destitute state, issued out in 
detached parties, and swept the whole country 
up to the walls of that place. The alarm 
occasioned by these proceedings was very con- 
siderable; at length on Tuesday the 18th of 
September, the brave Sir Richard Biron, with 
600 of his men effected an entry, and during 
the space of five days lived upon free quarter. 
Finding however, that not the least impres- 
sion was to be made upon the Castle; on 
Saturday the 23d, being about to evacuate 
the town, they were assaulted by Captain 



94 ENTERPRIZES OF THE NEWARKERS. 

White, who had under him about 400 men ; 
the affair was warmly agitated for some time, 
and Sir Richard Biron in imminent danger, 
he was stricken dowp, but escaped with the 
loss of his hat; his horse was mortally wounded 
and fell dead in the adjacent street. 

The Cavaliers nevertheless, made good their 
retreat, to the Trent bridge, which was in their 
possession, and where they had erected a small 
fort, leaving behind 25 of their men besides some 
killed ; but the booty and prisoners they car- 
ried off was considerable, and which they sent 
down the water in boats to Newark. Not a 
few of the townsmen accompanied them, 
amongst whom was Dr. Plumptre, one of the 
Nottingham committee. In this instance 
many of the seceders took pattern by an exam- 
ple of high antiquity ; for, they not only re- 
moved their own chattels, but borrowed of 
their neighbours whatever seemed eligibly 
portable. The Newark forces now threw 
themselves into the fort, which thev had ren- 
dered as strong, as the time and circumstances 
would permit; here they remained till the 



ENTERPRIZES OF THE NEVVARKERS. 95 

Friday morning following, when having receiv- 
ed certain information that greatly superior 
numbers were collected to attack them, they 
silently marched out, and gained their own 
garrison without loss. This step without 
doubt was dictated by prudence, for though 
there does not appear to have been any lack of 
provisions, and necessaries, they leaving behind 
them 80 sheep, 100 loads of coal, 20 quarters 
of oats, and much hay, yet as all the parlia- 
mentary garrisons in the neighbourhood were 
in full alarm, they, probably, must have been, 
in a short time, under the disagreeable necessi- 
ty of surrendering. All the works they left 
standing; but broke up two of the arches of 
the Trent bridge, to hinder a pursuit. The 
Republicans immediately manned the fort. 

SECOND ENTRY INTO NOTTINGHAM. 

In the month of December ensuing, several 
conferences were held amongst the leaders of 
the Cavalier party in and about the neighbour- 
hood of Newark, the result of which was a 
resolution to again endeavour to gain posses- 



96 ENTERPRIZES OF THE NEWARKERS. 

sion of the Castle of Nottingham. Many of 
the principal inhabitants were favorable to the 
cause, the garrison not very numerous, and the 
walls, in some places, easily attainable. Ac- 
cordingly on Monday evening, the fifteenth 
day of January, 1643, in a severe frost 
and very deep snow, all the Newark forces 
were marched out, and by way of feint, on the 
road to Sleaford. They soon, however, by 
wheeling to the right unmasked this, and early 
on the Tuesday morning, intelligence arrived 
at Nottingham, that the enemy were at hand. 
All was bustle in the garrison, a company of 
foot was sent to man the works, and a party 
of horse dispatched to dispute the passage into 
the town ; but they, perceiving the assailants 
to be numerous, and not any of the inhabitants 
turning out to their assistance, hastily retreat- 
ed to the Castle in which safe plan they were 
soon joined by the foot. 

The first party that entered the gates was 
commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Cartwright, 
who had laboured under so much indecision, 
that only a few days before, he had applied to 



ENTERPRIZES OF THE NEWARKERS. 97 

the Governor for a protection, as a preliminary 
to coming in and laying down his arms. 

The Governor having upbraided the re- 
creant horse, in very severe terms, on their 
pusillanimous conduct, they instantly dis- 
mounted, and took muskets, for the purpose 
of serving as foot, when, being joined by the 
remainder of the garrison, about noon, they 
sallied out of the Castle, and several smart 
skirmishes ensued. The Governor recalled 
his men into the Castle, this seems only to have 
been a lull, for whether from ill adopted 
security arising from dependance on auxili- 
aries without, or perhaps, from the too general 
complexion of those times, a thirst afterplunder, 
remissness ensued ; which being noticed from 
the fortress, a general sally was made, on the 
rather unprepared troops; but having at length 
in some degree, recovered regularity, they 
disputed the ground street by street, till being 
overwhelmed by superior numbers, they were 
obliged to evacuate the place. The loss was 
about 40 killed and 80 made prisoners. 



98 ENTERPRIZES OF THE NEWARKERS. 

Although the attempt was thus rendered 
abortive, yet this affair reflected the highest 
honor on the Newarkers, in point of bravery, 
for notwithstanding there were upwards of 
1000 men, on the west side of the town, under 
the command of Sir Charles Lucas, drawn up 
to keep the Derby and Leicester forces in 
check, who did not make their appearance; 
and a considerable body under Mr. Hastings, 
selected from the garrisons^of Belvoir and Wi- 
verton; yet were these intrepid men suffered 
to abide singly the brunt of the conflict : and 
even to rely on their own horse, which they 
had stationed on the outside of the walls as a 
reserve to cover their retreat. 

CAPTURE of the FORT at the TRENT-BRIDGE. 

On Sunday the 19th of April, 1645, the 
Governor of Newark having received private 
information that the fort at the Trent bridge 
was but negligently kept, detached a party for 
the purpose of surprising it. This they perform- 
ed with very trifling loss, killing about 30 men 
who guarded it, with their ensign. It was 
evacuated four days after. 



ENTERPRIZES OF THE NEWARKERS. 99 
GOVERNORS SUPERSEDED. 

About this time, disputes ran so high, be- 
tween Sir Richard Biron, and the King's 
commissioners at Newark, that in the end he 
was displaced, and Sir Richard Willis ap- 
pointed in his stead. This man was an un- 
worthy substitute for the loyal Biron, as he 
afterwards became one of Cromwell's principal 
spies. On the defeat at Naseby, the King 
retired into Wales, and the broken forces of 
his party threw themselves into Newark, as 
the strongest and best fortified hold the royal- 
ists retained. Here, by a circuitous rout 
Charles joined them, with a body of 3000 men. 
Discontent reigning amongst his commanders, 
Willis was dismissed and the Lord Beliasis 
appointed Governor. The King continued 
here until apprehensive of being besieged by 
the Scots who were approaching, and then 
in the night of the 6th of November, 1645, 
quitted it for Oxford. Whilst he was at 
Newark, Prince Rupert waited upon him to 
shew cause for the most unexpected surrender 
L.oFC. 



100 ENTERPRIZES OF THE NEWARKERS. 

of Bristol, and remained here till he obtained 
a pass from the Parliament to retire out of the 
Kingdom. 

ANOTHER DRUM. 

In the year 1644, a party of the King's 
forces from Newark left the town to collect 
contributions, and took into custody some 
countrymen who were in arrear ; the com- 
mittee of Nottingham, receiving notice there- 
of, detached a party for the purpose of rescuing 
them ; the Newarkers perceiving themselves 
likely to be overmatched, retreated in haste, 
leaving their prisoners and five or six of their 
own men behind. Elated at this success, the 
republicans pushing rapidly and incautiously 
forward, fell in with a fresh body of troops, 
that, in the mean time, had issued from New- 
ark, who quickly routed them, retook the 
prisoners and captured of the parliamentary 
party Major MELDRUM, Lieutenant Smith, 
and about 28 soldiers with their arms and 
horses. 



ENTERPRIZES OF THE NEWARKERS. 101 

STORMING OF LEICESTER. 

At this time Leicester, was a place of the 
greatest importance the parliament possessed 
in these parts, it was strongly garrisoned, and 
ably commanded by a governor of the name of 
Pye. General Fairfax was now closely besieg- 
ing Oxford, and not any thing appeared more 
likely to draw him from thence, than the fur- 
nishing a necessity for relieving some other for- 
tress. Accordingly towards the close of May, 
1645, Leicester was completely invested by 
Prince Rupert, and Sir Marmaduke Langdale, 
with their horse. The governor evinced such 
masterly skill in defending the place, that, al- 
though the heavy artillery of the royal army 
soon effected a breach in the walls, yet the as- 
sailants began to despair of success ; when a 
large party of horse being sent off, by the go- 
vernor of Newark to their assistance, their 
arrival decided the fate of Leicester, for these 
troops being in full vigour, w r ere dismounted,, 
and immediately attacked in breach, while the 
remainder of the royal forces, by a feint on the 



102 ENTERPRIZES OF THE NEWARKERS. 

contrary side, deceived the garrison so com- 
pletely, that the Newark heroes entered the 
town by storm. This occurred on the 31st 
of May, 1645 ; the town was sacked, under the 
eye of the Monarch ;*■ and 1200 men made 
prisoners, the loss on the royal side was incon- 
siderable. It was, however, regained by the 
parliamentary on the 18th of June following, 
four days after the fatal battle of Naseby. 

Welbeck house was surprised by a party 
from Newark, July 16th, 1645, where they 
made 200 prisoners, and took three pieces of 
cannon. 

August 1st, 1645, Torksey Castle was taken 
by the Newarkers. 

* Charles repaired thither from Newark, for the espe- 
cial purpose of being present at the assault. 



103 



SIEGE THE FOURTH. 

The Scots army entered England on the 
16th of January, 1644. After having been 
employed in many arduous undertakings, and 
according to their idea, but indifferently remu- 
nerated, they began to be much out of humour. 
Their forces had been before the city of Here- 
ford some time, when, on a sudden, the 2nd 
of September, 1645, they raised the siege, and 
retired into Yorkshire; openly complaining of 
entire neglect. 



The Parliament alarmed at such prompt 
procedure, dispatched Commissioners to them, 
with orders, if possible to allay the ferment. 
On the close of much debating, it was finally 
agreed, that the sum of thirty thousand pounds 
should be paid to them, on condition they ap- 



104 SIEGE THE FOURTH. 

peared before Newark, upon the 1st of Nov, 
1645; and the eastern associated counties of 
Nottingham, Derby, Leicester and Lincoln 
should discharge the same, at the rate of four- 
teen thousand pounds per week. Matters 
being thus accommodated, the siege of New- 
ark commenced about the end of October, 
for the Scots were certain not to be behind 
hand in attendance, where money was stirring. 

Newark was now invested in form, by a 
numerous army of Scots and English, admira- 
bly commanded and well supplied with stores 
and implements of destruction fitted to the 
purpose. The head quarters of the Scots, un- 
der the Earl of Leven, were at Kelham, their 
encampment, a few years since was appar- 
ently perfect, but the plough has made some 
encroachments, yet sufficient vestiges are re- 
maining to point out its magnitude and regu- 
larity. Poyntz, who had brought a large 
force out of Cheshire, was stationed at Farn- 
don. On the 1st of January, 1646, the 

garrison made a furious sally upon his works, 
by way of a new year's gift, and did much 



SIEGE THE FOURTH. 105 

damage, killing above 200 men; and on the 1st 
of April a far more effectual one. * Colonel 
Roseter's quarters were at Balderton, Colonel 
Henry Grey's at Winthorpe, and Colonel Tho- 
mas Grey's at Coddington. 

To this formidable array, the works sur- 
rounding the town exhibited a bold and surly 
defiance, whilst the Castle, frowning in super- 
eminence, hurled destruction at pleasure, on its 
daring opponents. Added to this gigantic struc- 
ture, two minor fortifications were of consi- 
derable service in annoying the approach of 
the enemy; one of them called 

THE KING'S SCONCE. 

This was a very strong work raised at the 
Spittle, a lofty house was built in its centre, 
and the whole garrisoned by the loyal towns- 
men, they were forn^d into a regiment, of 
which Mr, Edward Twentyman was the first 
Captain. This work not only keut the forces 

* January 1st, and April 1st, two remarkable days. 

H 



i06 SIEGE THE FOURTH. 

under the Grey's, at Winthorpe and Codding- 
ton, upon the alert, but occasionally played 
upon the Scots quarter in the island, it was 
situated on a rising ground, near to the edge 
of the water, and a short distance from the 
present St. Leonard's Hospital. The buildings 
have, long since, been taken away, but the 
remains of the fortification are still apparent 
in two adjoining closes, the property of William 
Handley, Esq. A wind-mill occupied by a 
person of the name of John Clark, stands on 
the western angle. 

THE QUEEN'S SCONCE. 

This remarkably bold work presents itself 
to view, in a close adjoining the road leading 
to Nottingham, and nearly opposite to a long 
well known public place of resort, called the 
Spring House \ somewhat more than half a 
mile from the Church. Every part of the 
fortification remains perfect. It is impossible 
to conceive a more imposing aspect than this 
mark of determined resistance and annoyance, 
even now* assumes. The trench is of amazing 



SIEGE THE FOURTH. 17 

depth, and the ascent to the works, in every 
part, so extremely abrupt, as to bid defiance 
if duly manned, to any attempt at dislodgment. 
There is not the slightest tradition of it ever 
having been carried by assault, or of the pre- 
cise time of its formation. It completely 
commanded the head quarters both of Poyntz, 
at Farndon, and Roseter, at Balderton, as 
likewise their field positions ; that of the former 
being within a very short distance. At certain 
times the situations of those two able generals 
were not, by any means, enviable. Long may 
it remain a testimony of Newark tenacity ; 
may no avaricious, improving hand, e'er wound 
its summit, or tear the moss grown trophy 
from its frowning brow ! 

Charles having escaped in disguise from 
Oxford, arrived at the Kings Arms,* in South- 
well, on Wednesday morning, May 6th, 1646. 
Sending for the Scotch Commissioners, who 
were then at the Palace, before dinner, they 
dined in company at the Inn ; and in the after- 
noon he delivered himself up to them. He 

* See History of Southwell, P. 1$|. 

h2 



108 SIEGE THE FOURTH. 

was then conducted under an escort of their 
army to Kelham, and from thence to a part of 
the works called Edinburgh, the Earl of 
Leven's quarters, situate a little to the eastward 
of that village, and over apart of which lies the 
present foot path to Newark. On the King 
discovering himself to the Earl, he, with the 
most flagrant hypocrisy expressed much sur- 
prise. The King was then conducted to 
Kelham house, under pretence of better ac- 
comodating, and doing him the more honor, 
but in fact to keep him close prisoner. That 
night he was induced to sign an order to Lord 
Bellasis for the surrender of Newark.* The 
articles of capitulation were executed on the 
7th, and on the same day, the Scots marched 

* The letter was in the following words, 
" Bellasis, 

Such is the condition of affairs, at present, 
that I can give no hope at all of relief, nor of better condi- 
tions than those I sent you last night, therefore the best for 
my service will be that you conclude upon them with all 
expedition, the chief reason being that according to my 
design, I am necessitated to march with the Scots army 
this day northward, but cannot move till the agreement i* 

consented to by you. 

Charles Rex.** 



SIEGE THE FOURTH. 109 

off for the north, with the King in their train j 
they arrived at Newcastle on the Wednesday 
following. 

Nothing could equal the grief and conster- 
nation which reigned throughout Newark, 
when Lord Bellasis promulgated his orders, 
the Castle was in a condition to have held out 
several months, the loyal inhabitants were 
chagrined beyond measure, and as Thoroton 
reports, " the valiant Mayor, Mr. Smith * 
urged the Governor with tears to trust God 
and sally, rather than think of yielding the 
town," though at that time the plague raged 
violentlv amongst its inhabitants. It is even 
said, the townsmen conducted by the Mayor, 
presented themselves three several times be- 

* The author of the Modern History of Newark, states 
this circumstance to have happened during the Mayoralty of 
Mr. Baker ; which appears to be erroneous from his own 
list of those officers. The name of William Baker, does 
indeed stand against the date 1646 ; but then it should be 
recollected, that he did^not enter upon his office till Michael- 
mas in that year, in consequence of which the surrender 
must have taken place in the time of his predecessor Smith, 
as Tharoto7i 9 who was a living evidence testifies. 



110 SIEGE THE FOURTH. 

fore the Governor, assured him of their strength 
both in provisions and ammunition, and urged 
him on their knees, to disobey his Majesty's 
commands. The Lord Bellasis sent the King 
word of the resolution shewn by the loyal N^w- 
arkers, but his Majesty commanded him, on 
his allegiance, to obey the order. 

The Articles of Capitulation ran as fol- 
lows, — 

1. That the garrison, with all the ord- 
nance, arms and ammunition, shall be delivered 
up to the Commissioners for the Parliament of 
England. 

2. That the Lord Bellasis, Governor, with 
all officers, gentlemen, and clergy, shall march 
away with their horses and swords unto any 
garrison of the King's, not besieged, or to their 
own houses. 

3. The soldiers to have staves in their 
hands, and their own goods, and all of them to 
have three months time to make their peace 
with the Parliament, or failing, to be allowed 
passes to go beyond sea, 



SIEGE THE FOURTH. Ill 

These articles were signed by the under- 
named Commissioners :— • 



Commissioners of both Commissioners of Lord 
Kingdoms. Bellasis* 

Alex. Popham, Marm. Darcye, 

Fr. Thornhaigh, Thos. Ingram, 

John Hutchinson, Ger. Neville, 

Hen. Grey, Brian Palmer, 

John Scott, Ant. Eyre, 

Rich. Thornton, Sam. Fanshaw, 

Arch. Douglas, Jonathan Atkins, 

Gilb. Carr, Hugh Cartwright, 

Phil. Twisleton, Ant. Gilbye, 

Job. Archer. Edw. Standish. 

Confirmed this 7th day of May, 1646. 

J. BELLASIS. 



On the very day the articles were signed, 
the Scots marched off towards the north, 
carrying the King with them j* they arrived 
at Newcastle on the Wednesday following. 
A violent clamour has been raised, about 
duplicity practised by the Scots, in the course 

* The great road to the north from London, lay at that 
time, through Southwell. James I, on his accession, came 
through that place. Monck in 1659 — 60, took the same 
route. 



112 SIEGE THE FOURTH. 

of their negociations with both parties, and 
such expressions used, as might induce a 
foreigner to harbour an idea, that vice, of 
that description, was endemial only to soil 
north of the Tweed. The Scots, are, in gene- 
ral, a sober, steady people ; their enterprizes, 
for the most part, are succesiful, because they 
do not, like their wiser southern brethren, 
arrogantly claim achievement as a right, but 
sedulously endeavour to attain it as a reward. 
As almost every man in the kingdom of Eng- 
land was, at that time, a proclaimed rogue, by 
one tongue or other, how could the Scots, who 
certainly were applied to by both parties, act, 
but by dealing with them as such. That they 
lied is manifest \ but that they did it adroitly is 
perhaps somewhat to their credit. The Par- 
liament was greatly in arrear to them, in the 
item of pay, they wanted a tangible pledge, 
and well knew if they could gain possession of 
the King's person, there was a chance of clo- 
sing the accomptj they angled dexterously, 
and to appearance on the surface, but it was by 
diving underneath, the prize was obtained. 
When taken, it was to appear the work of ac- 



SIEGE THE FOURTH. 113 

cident, hence the affected surprise that Leven 
expressed on Charles' discovering himself at 
Kelham. The Parliament, when too late, dis- 
covered they were outwitted, and were silly 
enough to shew airs of superiority, in demand- 
ing an account of the manner by which the 
King came amongst them. Inw r ardly sneer- 
ing at such blustering impotence, the Scots 
coolly returned an answer, which, perhaps, 
has not its equal to be found throughout the 
rascally annals of diplomacy. They averred, 
" That the earnest desire they had to keep a 
right understanding between the kingdoms, 
moved them to acquaint them with the strange 
providence wherewith they were surprised, 
together with their carriage and desire there- 
upon. That the King came yesterday into 
their army in so private a way, that after they 
had made some search for him, upon the sur- 
mises of some persons who pretended to know 
his face, yet they could not find him in sundry 
houses. That they believed their lordships 
would think it a matter of much astonishment 
to them, seeing they did not expect him to 
come into any place under their power. They 



114 * SIEGE THE FOURTH. 

conceived it not fit to enquire into the causes, 
but to endeavour that his being here might be 
improved for the procuring the work of uni- 
formity, for settling religion, and attaining of 
peace, according to the league and covenant, 
and treaty, by the advice of the Parliaments of 
both kingdoms, and their Commissioners au- 
thorised to this effect. That, trusting to their 
integrity, they were persuaded that none 
would so far miscontrue them, as that they in- 
tended to make use of this seeming advantage, 
for promoting any other ends than were ex- 
pressed in the covenant ; and had hitherto been 
pursued by them with no less conscience than 
care. That for further satisfaction, they did 
ingenuously declare, that there had been no 
treaty or capitulation betwixt his Majesty and 
them, nor any in their names ; but that they 
left the ways and means of peace to the Parlia- 
ments of both kingdoms, and so far as con- 
cerned them, as they had a witness in Heaven, 
they were confident to make it appear, that 
there was nothing more in their device, than 
in all their resolutions and proceedings to ad- 
here to the covenant and treaty. That their 



SIEGE THE FOURTH. 115 

greatest thought should be taken up in study- 
ing, and their utmost abilities be employed in 
acting those things which most advanced the 
public good and common happiness of both 
kingdoms, wherein by the help of God, they 
should labour to use so much tenderness and 
care, that they hope it shall soon appear, their 
actions were the result of honest and single in- 
tentions. That they could not, in a matter of 
so deep consequence, and common interest, 
but seek their lordship's advice; for which 
effect they had also written to the committee 
of affairs in Scotland, with intentions to move 
joint consent, and resolutions, that after a seed 
time of afflictions, we might reap the sweet 
fruits of truth and peace. 





s 


igned by 


Leven, 




• Glendowyn, 


Belcarris, 




Lothian, 


Freeland, 




Sir T. Carre, 


DUMFERLING, 




John Johnstone." 


Hume, 








Notwithstanding all this pious cant, it came 
to pass, that on the receival of the sum of 



1 16 SIEGE THE FOURTH. 

^400,000, they delivered their countryman 
into the hands of his enemies. It is true the 
money was really their due, and credit was 
given upon a somewhat obsolete security, as 
England had not had a King in pawn since 
the days of Richard I, when the time's price 
appears to have been 100,000 marks of silver, 
about one-sixth part of the latter sum. What 
particular circumstances enhanced the value 
of the commodity, is not precisely known ; but 
about 450 years had made the difference sur- 
prisingly great. 

There were about 1800 men in the gar- 
rison at the time of its surrender, the greater 
part of whom disbanded themselves on march- 
ing out; not relishing any further service. 

On Monday 12th of May, 1646, the neigh- 
bouring country was summoned to attend 
with spades, pickaxes, shovels, hammers, and 
other instruments of demolition ; and some of 
the works were rendered untenable, others 
totally levelled. Not any vestiges of the line 
of Forts are now discoverable. 



SIEGE THE FOURTH. 117 



LIST OF ORDNANCE, STORES, 8{c. 

TAKEN IN NEWARK. 

One large piece of ordnance called Sweet 
Lips. 

Eleven pieces more of large calibre. Two 
mortars. 

Several drakes and small pieces. 4000 
stand of arms. 40 barrels of powder. 

Many thousand pounds weight of bullets 
and lead. Match and other ammunition pro- 
portionally plentiful. 

Abundance of salted provisions, in tolerable 
preservation. Fresh meat and poultry some- 
what scarce. 

Plenty of corn, beer and wine many barrels, 
some butter and cheese, a small quantity of 
fuel. 

The following Noblemen, Gentry and 
others, marched out of Newark to their own 
houses, on promise of submission to the ordi- 
nances of parliament. 



118 SIEGE THE FOURTH. 

NOBLEMEN. 

Lord Bellasis, Governor, Lord. Lexington. 
Davencourt. 

KNIGHTS. 

Sir John Burrell, Sir Philip Constable, 

— Guy Palms, — Thomas Ingram, 

— Charles Dallison, — Bryan Balmes, 

— George Hennings, — Jarvis Neville, 

— Robert Fredway — Simon Fanshaw, 

— Jarvis Skroop, And some others. 

DIGNIFIED CLERGYMEN. 

Doctor Farmer, Chancellor of Lincoln, 
Dean of York, 



Hurst, &c. 

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS. 

Major General Eyre, Colonel Herne, 

Colonel Gilby, ■■ Darsey, 

. , — Trollop, * Atkins. 



119 



A LIST OF 

NOBLEMEN AND GENTLEMEN, 

Slain m his Majesty's service, 

IN OR NEAR NEWARK. 



Earl of Kingston * between Newark and 
Gainsborough ; also Colonels Beton and Heme. 

* The manner of this man's death was singularly re- 
markable, and although the description borders on the 
genteelly exploded doctrine of fatalism, is nevertheless 
avouched by several historians of reputed veracity ; one of 
whom writes thus " The Earle of Kingston a few months 
stood neuter, and would not declare himselfe of either party, 
and being a man of greate wealth and dependancies, many 
people hung in suspence, by his example ; whereupon the 
gentlemen of Nottingham often spoke to his sonne, to per* 
swade his father to declare himselfe ; but he told them, he 
knew his father's affections were firme to the parliament, 
that he had encouraged him to join them, and promised 
him monie to carry it on, and such like things, which he 
continually assured them, till the collonelTs cold behaviour, 



120 NOBLEMEN & GENTLEMEN KILLED. 

Lieutenant Colonel Markham of Allerton, 
and at the same time Colonel Cavendish, near 
Gainsborough. 

and some other passages, made them at length, jealous both 
of the father and the Sonne. Hereupon when the danger 
grew more eminent, and my lord lay out a brave prey to the 
enemie, they sent Captain Lomax, one of the committee, to 
understand his affections, from himselfe, and to presse him 
to declare for the parliament, in that so needfull season. 
My lord professing himselfe to him rather desirous of peace, 
and fully resolved not to act on either side, made a serious 
imprecation on himselfe in these words ; " When," said he, 
" I take armes with the king against the parliament, or 
with the parliament against the king, let a cannon bullet 
devidemebetweene them, ,, which God was pleased to bring 
to passe a few months after; for he going into Gainsborough, 
and there taking up armes for the king, was surprised by 
my Lord Willoughby, and, after a handsome defence of 
himselfe, yielded, and was put prisoner into a pinnace, and 
sent downe the river to Hull, when my Lord Newcastle's 
armie marching allongthe shore, shot at the pinnace, and 
being in danger, the Earle of Kingston went up upon the 
decks to shew himselfe, and to prevaile with them to for- 
beare shooting ; but as soone as he appeared a cannon 
bullett flew from the king's armie and devided him in the 
middle, being then in the parliament's pinnace, who perished 
according to his owne unhappie imprecation." 

One account says, he was beneath the deck, when the 
•ection was made ! 



NOBLEMEN & GENTLEMAN KILLED. 121 

Colonel Leake, son to Lord Deyncourt, 
who was afterwards created Lord Scarsdale. 

Lieutenant Colonel Pavier, between New- 
ark and Lincoln. 

Colonel Stanhope, son to the Earl of Ches- 
terfield, Governor of Shelford House, who 
with Major Clifton, Captain John Clifton, and 
200 others, were put to the sword on the storm- 
ing of the place. 

Colonel Ferdinando Stanhope, slain at 
Bridgeford. 

Mr. Carey, Mr. Jennings and Mr. Latham, 
all persons of some note killed near Newark. 

Captains Anthony Ord, Thomas Cole, and 
-— Pelham, fell in the last siege. 

Baron Done, allied to the Prince of Orange, 
slain near Newark, and buried in the vault of 
the Church. 

Sir Thomas Turbtirville, Captain of the 
King's life guards ; Sir Ingram Hopton, Sir 
Charles Bowles, Major Thomas Whitmore, 
Sir John Ramsey, and Captain Smith, all be- 
longing to the garrison, were killed in differ- 
ent engagements in the neighbourhood. 



122 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 

A remarkable circumstance occurred in 
the person of Mr. Gawen Rutherford, who, 
having had 30 children by one wife, trooped 
under his 27th child, a commander in the 
King's forces at Newark. 

" Co fjy of a Letter from the Commissioner's 
Quarters at Newarke, relating the manner of 
the surrender thereof to the Parliament, on 
Friday, May VIII, 1646. 

Worthy Sir, 

You had in my last the copy 
of the articles of the surrender of Newarke, 
since which I give you this further accompte 
of the performing what was there agreed to, it 
being ours one day sooner than w 7 as expected 
from them. For whereas the agreement was 
by the Commissioners of both kingdoms for 
the Parliament of England, the governor hath 
bin so ready to hasten it, that yesterday (May 
■8,) the Lord Bellasis went to Major General 
Poyntz to have it then surrendered, which by 
reason of the sicknesse being so hot in New- 
arke, he desired to hasten, as also the other 



DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 123 

Lords and Gentlemen did much desire to be 
speeded as much as could be, longing for their 
enlargement, which occasioned the surrender 
a day sooner than by the articles was agreed. 
And truely it is become a miserable, stinking, 
infected towne. I pray God they doe not in- 
fect the counties and townes adjacent, which 
is the care of the Commissioners that way be 
taken to prevent. Yesterday the Commission- 
ers came up to see them march out of New- 
arke. They carryed not much out of the 
towne, for they had but very few carriages. 
We have gathered together four thousand 
arms already, and there are many more, which 
by reason of the sicknesse in divers places, the 
officers dare not yet venter to fetch out, nor 
make that diligent search which will afterward 
be made, so soon as with safetie we may." 

"We have taken Sweet-lips, the great gunne 
which they much esteemed of, and eleven 
more great pieces, two mortar pieces and divers 
drakes and other small pieces, and forty barrels 
of gun powder, with great store of match,* 
bullets, and all sorts of ammunition." 

i2 



124 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 

" Those of Newarke garrison, from the 
greatest to the least doe all of them generally 
seem to be much discontented at their hearing 
that the King had delivered himself up to the 
Scots, and are much troubled at the hearing 
of it thereof; which makes many of them to 
repent that ever they were engaged in the 
service, being like men in amaze at the hear- 
ing of it. And when 800 of them had march- 
ed out with the Lord Bellasis the Governor, 
and it was expected that they should name to 
what garrison, they would not nominate any 
garrison to march to for the further service of 
the King in the design against the Parliament." 

" But as all the rest that came out of New- 
arke, who were above one thousand more, so 
they went away every one to their own homes; 
so that I confess I know not where they could 
have easily found out any garrison not besieg- 
ed to march to, according to the articles ; so 
they did not care to put themselves into 
any other prison in that service in which they 
have received so little satisfaction. The go- 
vernour hath been very punctual and the 



DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 125 

conditions very exactly observed. They labour 
much to compound with the Parliament/' 

"The countrie thereabouts are all summoned 
to come in with spades, pickaxes, and other 
necessaries on Monday next, to assist in demo- 
lishing of the workes of Newarke, which are 
very many, strong and formidable.* I believe 

* These consisted of bastions about twenty in num- 
ber, each connected by a curtain, they commenced at 
the River Devon three furlongs and one perch north and 
south from the Castle, and completely surrounded the town 
from those points. The whole line of defence was 17 fur- 
longs and a half, or nearly two miles and a quarter ; its 
distance from the Queen's Sconce, was 330 yards, from the 
centre of the Market-place to the extent towards Balderton 
500 yards. A deep ditch ran parallel to those works, which 
the besieged had generally the opportunity of having filled 
with water. 

The bridge over the Devon was defended by what was 
called an iron turnpike, or kind of chevaux defrize, besides 
which there was a strong redoubt, at the distance of a fur- 
long, in front, on the road leading to Kelham. This, to- 
gether with the King's and Queen's Sconces, formed the 
whole of their out works. There had been a fort at the 
Crankleys ; but that was now within the enemy's line of 
circumvallation. Muskham bridge was broken down at 
Prince Rupert's relief ; and that at Kelham was in the 
same state, the passage being occupied by a bridge of boa^ s 



126 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 

they will come in very joyfully to that worke 
which tends to so much and great an ease to 
all those parts, as they have found by wofiill 
experience, since they felt the oppression of 
that garrison and others, of all which they are 
now cleare, and all will be buryed in the ruins 
of this, which they are forthwith to levell." 

" Doctor Deane, Doctor Hurst, Doctor 
March, and divers other malignant* Clergy- 
men were in Newarke, who with the gentrie, 
as Alderman Atkinson, and the rest of the 
malignant townsmen and others, are very sad 
in the towne, so they walk away in a mourn- 
full posture, the troublers of those parts being 
now most troubled in their own thoughts." 

"The Scots are marched northward with all 
their whole body of horse and foot, the horse 
march before with the King, and with them 
Lieutenant General David Lesley. They 
march along with great rejoycing that they 

* This word is not to be understood in its literal sense ; 
but merely as an opprobrious nickname of the time, much 
of the same genus as the bloodites of the present day. 



DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 12^ 

have the King with them. I believe that a 
party of horse will goe before with the King 
toward Newcastle. They say they have dealt 
plainly with the King since he came into their 
army/' 

" We have taken great care to prevent the 
souldiers from plundering, though some of 
them did very well remember how they were 
stripped at Spittle. The Governour hath had 
very great care of all things in Newarke, to 
see that nothing should be embezzled, and 
hath shewed himself very noble ; there is a 
great change by which God hath given us 
experience of his great power in bringing 
down the hearts of the proud and haughty. 
Our Commissioners have endeavoured to con- 
tinue all unity and loving accord with the 
Scots, who I believe will grant to have his 
Majesty disposed of as both Kingdoms shall 
agree, and in the mean time to remain with 
General Leven's army, where he shall dispose 
of him, and General Leven hath carried on all 
things since he came to the army with great 
wisdom and moderation, and it is said that 



128 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 

he is much troubled what to do to please both 
kingdoms in the matter of giving account 
about the King/' 

" Newarke is now open and free againe, 
and the tradesmen are preparing to furnish 
their shops, our souldiers have already bought 
divers things of them, and the country have 
a free market, but it cannot be expected to be 
much whilst the sicknesse is in the towne, but 
to God be the praise, who hath done this 
greate work for us, to deliver this strong hold 
of the enemies into our hands. I pray God that 
others (so oppressed) may have the like mer- 
cey, and peace and truth be settled among us, 
which is the prayer of your humble servant!" 

Previously to the final closing of the nar- 
ration of those intestine commotions which 
were extended, in a great measure, through- 
out the Kingdom, and particularly in this 
oounty, and also to demonstrate that the 
numerous charges of duplicity urged against 
the King, were not, in some instances, destitute 
of foundation, it may not be improper to pre- 



DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 129 

sent to the view of the reader a state docu- 
ment, which bears on its front convincing 
proof, that power illegally exerted, will stoop 
to any meanness whatsoever to perpetuate its 
sway. 

Upon the dissolution of Charles' second 
Parliament in the year 1626, supplies being 
withheld, a royal proclamation was had re- 
course to, whereby all his subjects were requi- 
red to contribute towards the exigencies of the 
state, as they were called, according to the 
same proportion, in which the former Parlia- 
ment had granted subsidies. In order to raise 
these contributions, commisssoners were ap- 
pointed under the privy seal for every county, 
to whom public instructions were dispatched 
for the levying the different quotas, which 
levies were declared to be " not the subsidies 
intended to be given by parliament ; but a free 
gift from the subject to the sovereign, upon 
weighty and pressing occasions of the state." 
Coupled with these public instructions, which 
were very generally distributed, there were as 
many private ones issued, as there were com- 



130 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 

missioners in England ; every commissioner of 
a county receiving a copy of each. 

The following is a transcript of the Private 
Instructions, addressed to the commissioners 
for the County of Nottingham, entituled 
" Instructions which his Majestie's commis- 
sioners for the loan of money to his Majestie 
throughout the kingdom are exactly and 
effectually to observe and follow. 

LONDON . 

Printed by Bouham Norton and John Bill, Printers to 
the King's most excellent Majestie, 1626. 

Instructions which our commissioners for 
the loan of money unto us, in our town of Not- 
tingham, are exactly and effectually to observe 
and follow. 

CHARLES R. 

First. With all speed, after the receit of 
this our commission, yee shall assemble your- 
selves together, and upon conference and 
advice between yourselves, yee shall determine 
in what manner yee will proceed to the ex- 



DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 131 

ecution of this our commission in the several 
parts and divisions of this our towne. And 
before your parting from this first place and 
time of your meeting, yee shall yourselves, 
for a good example to others, lend unto us 
these several summes of money which are 
hereby required of you to be lent, testified by 
the writing of your names with oure hands, 
that when yee shall in oure name require 
others to lend, they shall discern your own 
forwardnes, and that yee doe not moove others 
to that which yee forbeare to doe yourselves ; 
the Lords and others of our privie councell 
attending our person having already done the 
same, by the subscription of every of their 
names. And, before your parting, yee shall 
cause so many of those of that town to appear 
before yee, and proceed with them according 
to these our commissions and instructions. 

Secondly. And because we would ex- 
pedite this service, and ease yee of importu- 
nitie, and leave no way to the partiall informa- 
tion of others, in the under or over valuation 
of men's estates (which is often subject to 



132 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c 

much errour) we have thought this to be the 
most indifferent and equall way of conjectu- 
ring at every man's ability to lend, by taking 
those rates for our guide, at which they were 
assessed in the books of the last subsidie, and 
to require the loane of so much money only, 
as the entire rate and value comes unto, at 
which they are there rated and set; as namely, 
hee that is set at one hundred pounds in lands, 
to lend us one hundred pounds in money ; and 
so after that rate for a more or lesse sum me ; 
and hee that is set at one hundred pounds in 
goods to lend us one hundred markes; * and 
he that is set at ten pounds in goods to lend us 
twenty nobles ; f and so pro rata for a greater 
or lesser summe. And where there are two 
bearers or contributors, they shall assist the 
subsidie man. 

Thirdly. When yee shall have agreed 
betweene yourselves of the several daies and 
places of your sittings, and which of yee shall 
attend it at every place of your meetings in 

* £ 66. 13s, 4d. f £ 6. 13*. 4d. 



DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 133 

the several parts of the towne (which wee 
would have you to appoint as speedily as may 
be, and to attend without intermission) yee 
shall send your warrants under your hands, or 
under the hands of two of yee at the least, to 
the high constables, petty constables, and 
other officers, of and in those several divisions, 
personally to warne all such persons who were 
assessed for the last subsidie, or to leave each 
warning in writing at their dwelling houses, 
that they fail not to give yee the meeting at 
the times and places appointed by yee, and 
that those officers to whom your warrants are 
directed, fail not to give an account to yee of 
their service therein. And such as have been 
warned, and do not appear before yee at the 
time and place appointed, yee shall send for by 
warrant, and bind them over to appear before 
the Lords and others of our privie councell. 

Fourthly. That at every of those meet- 
ings, when there is a convenient number as- 
sembled, yee shall use all possible endeavours 
to cause every of them willingly and cheerfully 
to lend these summesunto us, opening to them 



134 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 

the necessitie and unavoidablenesse of this 
course, and setting before them, that our 
honour, the reputation of the nation, the true 
religion, and common safety of us and oure 
people, and oure friends and allies, are all en- 
gaged in the common cause; that there is now 
no time for disputing but of acting that which 
concerns oure common defence, and assuring 
them, that this course which is at this time 
enforced by necessitie, and to which no ordi- 
narie rules of law can be prescribed, shall not 
be drawn into example or precedent. 

Fifthly. That if yee shall meete with any 
objections or scruples raised, which may be 
impediments to this our service, that yee use all 
diligence to remove them, and satisfie them ; 
and if any shall object or whisper, that if this 
way of raysing money take place, then no Par- 
liament shall hereafter be called; then ye satis- 
fie such, that the suddeness and importance of 
the occasions are such, as cannot possibly admit 
of that delay, which the summoning, assem- 
bling, and resolutions of a parliament do neces- 
sarily draw with it; and that it is farre from 



DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 135 

<mre heart to make any such use of the love of 
oure people; but wee are fully purposed to call 
a parliament as soon as Jitly wee may, and as 
often as the commonwealth and state occasions 
shall require it ; and that by their affections 
shewed unto us in this way of necessitie, they 
shall sooner invite us to the frequent use of 
parliaments, being confident in the hearts of 
oure people. 

Sixthly. That yee appoint the daies of 
payment of the summes of money to be lent 
unto us, to be within fourteen daies, and per- 
suade such as shall bee able, to pay it at one 
entire payment, the better to accommodate 
oure great occasions, which are present and 
pressing; but to such as in your good dis- 
cretion yee shall thinke it more convenient, 
yee may accept of one half at fourteen daies, 
and the other half to be payed within three 
months after the fourteen daies. 

Seventhly. That yee treat apart with 

every one of those who are to lend unto us, and 

ot in the presence or hearing of any others. 



136 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 

unlesse yee see cause to the contrary in your 
good discressions; and as every one giveth 
consent, that yee cause him or her to set his 
or her name or mark to a booke, roll, or liste 
to bee made by yee, testyfying their assent 
with a marke or distinction for the times of 
payment accorded unto; and if yee shall find 
any , who either shall denie to lend unto us, or 
shall make delays or excuses, let them know 
they thereby incur oure high displeasure ; and if 
they persist in their obstinacie notwithstanding 
that, then yee shall examine such person upon 
oath, whether he hath been dealt withall, per- 
suaded or practised with, to denie or refuse to 
lend, or to make excuse for his not lending, 
who hath so dealt with him, and what speeches 
or persuasions he or they have used, tending to 
that purpose : and yee shall also charge every 
such person in oure name, upon his allegiance 
not to disclose to any one ivhat his answer was : 
and if any shall refuse to lend, or refuse to take 
this oath, yee shall bind him over to appear 
before us, or oure privie councell, to answer 
his contempt. 



DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 137 

Eighthly. Yee shall shew your own affec- 
tions and zeal to this businesse and to oure 
service, in your ejfectuall dealing with all men 
freely and cheerfully to runne in this course, 
and in using your powers, favors and credits 
which every of yee have in the town, amongst 
the gentlemen, freeholders and others, * to 
advance this businesse, that it may come off 
cheerfully and roundly. And that yee your- 
selves by any means discover not any coldnesse 
or unwillingnesse to the service, whereby any 
others to their discouragement may gather 
that you have no hearte to the worke, although 
for form's sake you must take it upon you, 
being employed therein : but that in your own 
persons yee heartily and really intended it as 
a worke of infinite importance to oure service, 
and the service and safety of the common- 
wealth. 

* How happened it, that the Clergy were not attended 
to in this momentous business ? it is certain they could not 
be overlooked by reason of their poverty or insignificance, 
even in those days ; nor must it be supposed, for the 
honor of the cloth, it was intended to wrap them up in the 
tailpiece of an order, with the " others." 



138 DOCILWENTS, LETTERS, &c. 

Ninthly. That in your treating with your 
neighbours, about this businesse, yee shew 
your own discretions and affections, by making 
choice of such to begin with, who are likely to 
give the best examples ; and when yee have a 
competente number of hands to the roll or liste 
of the lenders, that yee shew the same to others 
as they come before yee, to lead them to lend in 
like manner. 

Tenthly. Yee shall observe and discover 
by all good wayes and means, whether any, 
publiquely or underhand, be workers or per- 
swaders of other's dissent or dislike to this 
course, or to hinder the good disposition of 
others to lend to us ; and as much as yee may 
yee shall hinder all discourses about it : and 
yee shall certifie oure privie councell in wri- 
ting of the names, qualities and dwelling places 
of all such refractory persons with all speed, 
and especially if yee shall discover any combi- 
nation or confederacie against these oure 
proceedings. 

Eleventhly. Yee shall let all men know 



DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 139 

whom it shall concern, that we are well pleas- 
ed upon lending- of these summes required, 
to remit all that, which by letter in oure name 
was desired, upon the late benevolence, as a 
free gift ; and if any have already payd to oure 
use any such summe, that the same be accept- 
ed for so much, as in part of this loane ; and if 
it exceed that summe desired to be lent, that 
the overplus shall be repaid unto them with- 
out fee or charge ; and in like sort, where it 
shall be equall, no further summe shall then 
be required. 

Twelfthly. Likewise if, sithence the 
last parliament, any have received privie seales, 
oure pleasure is, that if they have not yet payd 
any moneies thereupon, that they, agreeing to 
the loane of the summe required, be excused 
of the payment of the privie seales ; and if they 
have already payd into oure exchequer, or to 
\ any collector, or to oure use, any such summes 
of money upon those privie seales ; if the same 
be lesse than the money now desired to be 
lent, it shall be accepted in part of payment 
thereof, if it be more, that the surplussage 



k2 



li 



140 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 

thereof, upon demaund shall be repayd with- 
out fee or other charge ; and in like sort, where 
the privie seale shall be equall with the sum me 
hereby desired to be lent, then the privie seale 
to be accepted for the loane ; and these oure 
instructions, together with your certificate 
thereof, shall be a sufficient warrant for the 
same. 

Thirteenthly. If yee either know or find 
any able person not set in the last subsidie, 
that yee deal with every such inhabitant in the 
same manner, and according to the same pro- 
portion, as is held with other subsidie men, 
according to your judgments and best discre- 
tions ; and insert their names and summes in 
the said booke, roll, or liste, amongst the others 
of them ; but you are not to admit of any suit 
to be made , or any reasons to be given for the 
abating of any summes, the time and the instant 
occasions not admitting of any such dispute, 
which would disturb and protract the service ; 
but where you shall find povertie and disa- 
bilitie, there to use a discretion when it comes 
to be collected, 



DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 141 

Folrteenthly. That yee appoint such 
and so many fit and able persons to be collect- 
ors of the summes of money within this towne 
as yee shall think e fit, and of whom yee shall 
take good bonds for the true paiement of the 
summes they shall receive, the collectors are 
to pay the moneys into the receit of oure ex- 
chequer, tvithont fee or reward, to be paid by 
them within fourteen daies after the receit 
thereof; and as soone as yee shall have finish- 
ed this service (which we require yee to per- 
forate with all possible diligence and speed) 
yee are to certifie unto our privie councell the 
names of the collectors (who shall have such 
allowance made unto them by the Lord Trea- 
surer as shall be fit) and the names and summes 
of the several persons who thus shall lend unto 
us, together with the said booke, roll, or liste 
thereof. 

Fifteenthly. Yee shall deliver to every 
collector, nominated by yee, a perfect tran- 
script under your hands, or under the hands of 
two of yee, of the names and summes of every 
person promising and undertaking to lend unto 



142 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, Ac. 

us, and the collector who receiveth the moneys, 
shall upon the receit thereof, deliver an acquit- 
tance for the same, or so much as he receiveth, 
which shall be a sufficient warrant for the re- 
payment thereof unto the lender,* and a suffici- 
ent testimonie that he hath paid the same 5 
and every such collector, within the fourteene 
daies before limited, is to pay in the moneys 
within his collection as aforesaid, or return in 
under his hand, in writing, the names of all 
such as refused, or neglected to pay unto him 
the summes expressed, f 

Sixteenthly. And if any of the commis- 
sioners shall be absent from the execution of 
this service (which we hope will not be) that 
the rest of yee the commissioners certijie their 
names ivho shall make such default ; as also 
the names of all such who upon these summons 
doe not come and attend yee. 

* By whom, at what time, or from what source ? A 
kind of Falstaff security. 

•j* Schedules of defaulters are not quite so modern, as 
may have been imagined. 



DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 143 

Seventeenth ly And we do hereby ex- 
plane and declare that the charge given by 
the said commission, or by these oure instruc- 
tions upon faith and allegiance, to attend this 
service, be not meant or extended to any of 
oure privie councell, for that they are dailie 
employed otherwise in oure service. Nor to 
any Peere of the realme not resident in the 
county where he is named a commissioner : 
nor to any other, that by oure special direction 
is otherwise employed in oure service. And 
that oure instructions wee require and com- 
mand yee upon your faith and allegiance to 
us, to keep secret to yourselves, and not impart 
or disclose the same to any others. 

These instructions for the ease of transcri- 
bing, and the speedier dispatch are ordered to 
be printed, but no more copies to be made or 
taken than shall be delivered to the commission- 
ers, upon dividing themselves into several 
parts of the county for execution of the com- 
mission." 

The date of these precious directions is 



144 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 

sixteen years previous to Charles erecting his 
standard at Nottingham, (August 22nd, 1642,) 
during which interval every artifice that fraud 
could suggest was practised, for the purpose 
of obtaining money, without the trouble of a 
Parliament. Arms were, at length, resorted 
to, the result of which is well known. 

A short time before the civil war actually 
commenced, the Monarch made a progress 
through a great part of the Kingdom, and at 
the county towns and other principal places, 
appealed to the feelings and loyalty of his peo- 
ple. The following specimen is extracted 
from Reliquiae Sacrce Carolina, printed at 
the Hague in 1648. 

" His Majesties Speech to the Knights, 
Gentlemen, and Freeholders of the County of 
Nottingham, at Newark, July 4th, 1642. 

Gentlemen, 

Your honest resolutions and 
affections to me and your Countrey, for the 
defence of my person and the Laws of the 



DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 145 

land, have been, and are so notable, that they 
have drawn me hither onely to thank you : 
I go to other places to confirm and undeceive 
my subjects, but am come here onely to thank 
and encourage you. You have made the best 
judgement of happiness, by relying on that 
foundation, which the experience of so many 
hundred years hath given such proof of. The 
assurance and security of the law : and assure 
yourselves, when laws shall be 'altered by any 
other authority, than that by w T hich they were 
made, your foundations are destroyed : and 
though it seems, at first, but to take away my 
power, it will quickly swallow all your inter- 
est ; I ask nothing of you, (though your de- 
meanor gives me good evidence that you are 
not willing to deny) but to preserve your own 
affection to the religion and laws established ; 
I will justify and protect those affections, and 
will live and die with you in that quarrel." 






146 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 

LETTER. 

" The Queen to the King, June 17, 1643, 
Newark.* 

My dear heart, 

I received, just now, yours by my 
Lord Savile, who found me ready to go away, 
staying but for one thing, for which you will 
well pardon one day's stop, it is to have Hull 
and Lincoln ; young Hotham having been put 
in prison by order of Parliament, is escaped, 
and has sent to 260 f that he will cast himself 
into his arms, and that Hull and Lincoln should 
be rendred; he is gone to his father, and 260 
writes for your answer, so that I shall go hence 
Friday or Saturday, and shall go lie at Wer- 
ton % and from thence to Ashby, where we 
wili resolve which way to take, and I will stay 
there a day, because the march of the day be- 
fore, will have been somewhat great, and also 
to know how the enemy marches ; all their 
forces of Nottingham at present, being gone to 

* Vid. Reliquiae Sacrae. 

f Some person designated by that number. 

X Wiverton house. 






DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 147 

Leicester and Darhy, which makes us believe, 
that it is to intercept our passage ; as soon as 
we have resolved, I will send you word, at this 
present, I think it fit to let you know the state 
in which we march, and what I leave behind 
me for the safety of Lincolnshire and Notting- 
hamshire ; I leave 2000 foot, and wherewithal! 
to arm 500 more ; 20 companies of horse, all 
this to be under Charles Cavendish, whom the 
gentlemen of the country have desired me not to 
carry ivith me, against his will, for he desired 
extreamely not to go. The enemies have left 
within Nottingham, 1000. I carry with me 
3000 foot, 30 companies of horse and dragoons, 
6 pieces of cannon, and 2 morters. Harry 
Jermin commands the forces which go with 
me, as Colonell of my Guard, and Sir Alexan- 
der Lesley the foot, under him, and Gerard the 
horse, and Robin Legge the artillery ; and her 
She-Majesty Generalissima, and extreamely 
diligent with 150 wagons of baggage to govern 
in case of battle, have a care that no troop of 
Essex his army incommodate us ; for I hope 
that for the rest we shall be strong enough, for 
at Nottingham we have had the experience. 



148 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 

one of our troops having beaten six of theirs, 
and made them fly. I have received your pro- 
clamation or declaration, which I wish had not 
been made, being extreamly disadvantageous 
for you, for you shew too much feare and do 
not what you had resolved upon. Farewell 
my dear Heart. 

The Queen to the King, 17th June, 1643." 

As to the speech, it certainly reflects very 
high honour on the inhabitants of the county 
of Nottingham, whether it was given for value 
received or not. 

A vein of pleasantry is displayed in the let- 
ter, which shews the queen, notwithstanding 
her dissipated education, had not an over por- 
tion of fear mixed up in her composition.* 

* An anecdote is related of her Majesty, which clearly 
shews, that she could be very agreeable, very polite and 
very sarcastic. During her stay at Newark, she treated the 
ladies of the place and neighbourhood in the most courteous 
and affable manner. When an express arrived containing 
orders for an immediate change of situation, being about 
to quit the town, the females pressed her strongly to continue 



DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 149 

There appears to have been a striking resem- 
blance in disposition between Henrietta of 
France and Margaret of Anjon, making- some 
allowance for the progress of civilization. Had 
the former lived a couple of centuries before, 
no doubt she would have been found reeking 
in the field of carnage. Both had complete as- 
cendancy over their husbands, and both, if not 
woefully slandered, similarly rewarded them ; 
both husbands died miserably, and both widow T s 
were thrown back upon their own country 

in the place till her forces had taken Nottingham. The 
Queen replied, that she was under the command of the 
King, and must, forthwith, march according to his direc- 
tions, to another place ; hut although she could not, con- 
sistently with her duty, comply with their request, she, by 
her obedience, would set them an example, to obey their 
husbands. 

There is not the least doubt but great would be the 
store of pouting, amongst these septuple-ruff'd ladies, on 
their receiving this high seasoned repartee ; unquestionably, 
Henrietta had discovered symptoms of lurking resistance 
to connubial authority, otherwise, it could not have been 
considered in any other light than point blank insult. How 
different are the present times, to those of yore; the idea is 
now totally obsolete. Who, in these days, presumes to 
think of such a thing as disobedience, in Newark wives, 

'■\ to the bare requests of their husbands ? 



150 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 

for a maintenance. An inference may be 
drawn from these premises, that it is not quite 
so ivell for ladies to step beyond the orbit of 
their sphere, as the precinct of its periphery, 
like that of the magic circle, is studded with 
fiends, who anxiously watch the moment of 
aberration, to whirl them to destruction. The 
influence of foreign tuition may be advanced 
in extenuation of apparent levity in both the 
Queens, as is admitted in the case of Anna 
Boleyn, for English decorum sometimes bor- 
ders too closely upon prudery; but Henri- 
etta must either have been an audacious 
character, or wholly innocent. If she had ac- 
tually been an adultress, would she have men- 
tioned Charles Cavendish, in her letter to her 
husband, in the way she did ? No, hen-pecked 
as Charles was, he never could have pocketed 
that insult. It is therefore charitable to con- 
clude, bringing the stupid acerbity of the times 
fairly into the accompt, that " trifles light as 
air" were condensed into gross and palpable 
guilt. Peace to her manes, be is as it may; 
she is gone to her audit long since; and if 
she really did covet her husband's servant, 
a parallel case may be found upon record. 



DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 151 

The character of Charles has, perhaps, been 
as variously delineated as any monarch what- 
soever ; political enthusiasm has, on one side, 
exalted him to the throne of martyrdom, whilst 
the like prejudice has, on the other, degraded 
him below a demon. As a man he was liable 
to the frailties of human nature. As a king, 
he lived in a time, and under circumstances, 
peculiarly trying. Had Henrietta and himself 
been placed in the middle, or even knver class 
of society, they would have experienced do- 
mestic comfort. He was chaste, temperate, 
and religious; his personal courage is not to 
be doubted; but he was deficient in that bold- 
ness, that promptitude of decision, requisite to 
secure success in exigency. The lofty ideas 
of prerogative, and that sneaking political 
meanness, stiled by his driveling father, king- 
craft, were the innate causes of his grosser 
errors. He has been charged with duplicity, 
and incontrovertible proofs adduced in support 
of that charge ; but every man, who has had 
much intercourse with the world, knows but 
too truly, that cases may occur, wherein sheer 
honesty is not, by any means, a match for 



152 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 

fraud; and, however repugnant it may be to 
the honest heart, to swerve from the strict line 
of rectitude, yet, as a matter of pure self de- 
fence, a slight deviation becomes, in some 
degree, unavoidable. That Charles stooped 
to acts, as a monarch, which he would in- 
dignantly have spurned at as a man, is fairly to 
be presumed, by his general mode of conduct. 
As to the querulous whining about evil court- 
sellors, in matters of mere moral honesty, such 
trumpery is derogatory to a man in any station, 
much more so in the dignified one held by 
Charles. The hackneyed court axiom that " a 
king can do no wrong/ 9 is not an enviable com- 
pliment paid to royalty; the human being w T ho 
is incapable of doing wrong, ranks very low 
indeed in the scale of his species. It may 
be said, the meaning is, that the ministers of a 
king are answerable in their own persons for 
the consequences of whatever ill advice they 
may give to their master, then why not fairly 
say so at the first, why thus endeavour to raise 
a man above human nature, or level him with 
an idiot. It will ever be found, in violent 
quarrels of any description j blame, to some 



DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 153 

extent, attaches to either party; in fine, al- 
though the fate of the son of James is much 
to be pitied ; yet the punishment of the King 
of England cannot honestly be deplored. 

Having, in a former page given a specimen 
of the Queen's ability in epistolary correspond- 
ence, and, as a proof of the sincere affection, 
and implicit confidence placed in her by her 
husband, it may not be displeasing to the 
reader on the close of this subject, to be put 
into possession of a copy of a letter from the 
King to his Consort, and that too after a courtly 
union of eighteen years had subsisted. 

At the fatal battle of Naseby, where the 
royal army was irremediably defeated, amongst 
the opima spolia, the King's cabinet fell into 
the hands of his enemies, this contained, besides 
other things of higher importance, the private 
letters which had passed between him and the 
Queen, these, to their eternal disgrace a com- 
mittee of parliament made public. 



?, 



154 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 

" To the Queen, February 13th, 1643. 

Dear Heart, 

1 never till now knew the good 
of ignorance, for I did not know the danger 
thou wert in by the storm, before I had certain 
assurance of thy happy escape ; we have had a 
pleasing false report, of thy safe landing at 
Newcastle ; which thine of the 19th of Jan. so 
confirmed us in, that we, at least were not 
undeceived of that hope, till we knew certainly 
how great a danger thou hast past, of which 
I shall not be out of apprehension, until I may 
have the happiness of thy company, for indeed 
I think it not the least of my misfortunes, that 
for my sake thou hast runne so much hazard ; 
in which thou hast exprest so much love to me, 
that I confesse it is impossible to repay, by any 
thing I can do, much less by words ; but my 
heart being full of affection for thee, and im- 
patient passion of gratitude to thee, I could 
not but say something, leaving the rest to be 
read by thee, out of thine own noble heart. 
The intercepting of mine to thee of the 23rd of 
January, has bred great discourse in several 



DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 155 

persons, and of several kinds, as my saying I 
was persecuted for places, is applyed to all, 
and not only those that I there name to be 
suitors ; whereas the truth is, I meant thereby 
the importunity of others, whom at that time 
I had not time to name, as well as some there 
mentioned : for I confess 174 * and 133 are 
not guilty of that fault ; some find fault with 
too much kindness to thee (thou mayst easily 
vote from what constellation that comes) but 
I assure such that I want expression, not will, 
to do it ten times more to thee on all occasions; 
others presse me as being brought upon the 
stage; but I answer, that having profest to have 
thy advice, it were a wrong to thee to do any 
thing before I had it. As for our treaty 
(leaving the particulars to this inclosed) I am 
confident thou wilt be content with it, as con- 
cerning my part in it, for all the souldiers are 
well pleased with what I have done, but expect 
no cessation of arms, for the lower house will 
have none without a disbanding, and I will not 
disband till all be agreed: Lastly, for our 

* See, Letter P. 14(i, 

l2 



156 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 

Military affairs, I thank God that here, and in 
the west, they prosper well ; as for the north, 
I refer thee to 226. 140. information; so dayly 
expecting and praying for good news from 
thee, &c. A true copy. 

Zouche Tate. 

Copy to my Wife \Ztti Feb. 1643. 

Oxford, 13th Feb. 1643." 

As not any document whatsoever which 
reflects honor on the town of Newark, ought 
to be omitted, in a work of this kind, the 
following letter, though perhaps somewhat 
deficient in point of chronological order may 
be deemed^ in some degree, a curiosity. It 
appears to have been written soon after the 
relief of the town by Price Rupert, as before 
reported. 

"King Charles the Jirst of blessed and glori- 
ous memory, his gracious letter to the Corpora- 
tion, promising a neiu Charter for the increase 
of the privileges of the town. 



DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 157 

Charles R. 

Trustie and well beloved wee 
greet you, as wee must acknowledge the great 
blessing of God in the reliefe and preservation 
of that our towne from the Rebells, by the 
seasonable arrivall of our forces under the 
prosperous command of our deare Nephew 
Prince Rupert, so wee are very sensible of your 
singular care and courage in the defence of 
that place till your succour came, which wee 
assure you wee shall alwaies remember to your 
advantage. And wee require you to let all those 
officers and gentlemen who with industry and 
courage have assisted you in this great service 
know that wee shall take very particular 
notice of their severall affections, and hope in 
due time, in some degree, to reward them. 
And for that corporation itself which did so 
early and hath so constantly given such eminent 
testimony of their affection and loyalty to us in 
this so general a defection, you shall let our 
Maior, Aldermen and Inhabitants of that our 
good towne know, that wee will give them 
some such signall of our extraordinary accept- 
ance and value of their duty as may be an 



158 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 

evidence to the whole kingdom thereof. In 
the meane time wee would have them send 
us a copie of their Charter, * that wee may 
upon view thereof make such additions of 
grace, favour, and advantage to them, as may 
be most convenient for them : And in the pre- 
amble of the same leave a monument to pos- 
terity of their faithful and loyall demeanour, 
wee having a greater sense of their merritt 
towards us than we can express. And so wee 
bid you farewell. Given at our court at 
Oxford, the 26th day of March, 1644. 

By his Majesty's command, 
George Digby. 
To our trustie and well beloved 
Sir Richard Biron, Knight Go- 
vernor of ourTowne of Newarke." 

It so happened that the promising Monarch 
found not an opportunity of redeeming his 
pledge ; his son Charles II. not in the least 
moved thereunto by gratitude, for the numer- 
ous and severe hardships the place had under- 

* Granted by Charles in the second year of his reign. 



DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 159 

gone, on behalf of the royal cause j but at the 
humble petition of the Mayor and Aldermen, 
did renew the charter of his father, and made 
several additions thereunto ; yet even this was 
not done till the year 1677? seventeen years 
after his restoration, and not a single word 
contained in the preamble thereof, to stand " as 
a monument to posterity of their faithful and 
loyal demeanour. 

OBSERVATIONS. 

A difference of opinion has prevailed as to 
the day on which the Town and Castle of New- 
ark surrendered to the Scots, some holding 
the 8th, and others the 9th of May. The let- 
ter from the Commissioner's quarters, seems 
decidedly in favor of the former, it is dated 
the 8th and goes so far as to particularize the 
day of the week (Friday) ; but if Friday were 
the 8th, what is stated in Doctor Hudson's 
confessions, and Doctor Stukely's letter to 
Noah Wood, concerning the arrival of Charles 
at Southwell, on Tuesday May 6th, must be 
erroneous; and, probably, from thisjrregularity 



160 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 

the two above mentioned opinions have been 
formed. 



It appears evident, from all accounts the 
public are in possession of, that the busi- 
ness was very much hurried, greatly more so 
than could rationally be supposed had Charles 
remained three days at Kelham ; but the real 
fact is, he came there on the evening of one 
day and left it on the next. 

The 6th of May, 1646, did not fall on 
Tuesday 9 but Wednesday, (as may be proved 
by running down the intermediate Cycles to 
the present time) Charles, therefore, after 
dining with the Commissioners at the King's 
Arms, at Southwell, went on the Wednesday 
evening with them to Kelham ; an order was 
obtained that night for the surrender of the 
Castle; the capitulation was confirmed by 
Lord Bellasis on Thursday the 7th, and im- 
mediately after, the Scots broke up for the 
north ; so that Charles returned to Southwell, 
on the Thursday evening. That he was there 
on Friday the 8th, is manifest from a message 



DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 161 

sent by him to the parliament, inserted in 
Beliquice Sacrce, which runs as follows; — 

" His Majesties Messuage of May \§th 9 * 
1646, from Southwell; concerning his fur- 
ther concessions for the obtaining of Peace." 

C. R. 

His Majesty having understood from both 
his houses of Parliament, that it was not safe 
for him to come to London (whither he had 
purposed to repair, if so he might, by their 
advice to do whatsoever may be best for the 
good and peace of these Kingdoms) until he 
shall first give his consent to such propositions 
as were to be presented to him from them : 
And being certainly informed, that the armies 
were marching so fast up to Oxford, and made 
that no fit place for treating, did resolve to 
withdraw himself hither, onely to secure his 
own person, and with no intention to continue 
this War any longer, or to make any division 

* This book was printed at the Hague, where the New 
Style then obtained, which accounts for the difference of 
ten day?. 



162 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 

between his two Kingdoms, but to give such 
contentment to both, as, by the blessing of 
God, he might see a happy and well grounded 
peace, thereby to bring prosperity to these 
Kingdoms, answerable to the best times of his 
progenitors." 

" And since the settling of Religion ought 
to be the chiefest care of all councels, his 
Majesty most earnestly and heartily recom- 
mends to his two houses of Parliament, all the 
ways and means possible for speedy finishing 
this pious and necessary work; and particular- 
ly, that they take the advice of the divines of 
both Kingdoms, assembled at Westminster" 

"Likewise concerning the Militiaoi England, 
for securing his people against all pretensions 
of danger, his Majesty is pleased to have it 
settled as it was offered at the Treaty at Ux- 
bridge, all the persons being to be named for 
the trust by the two houses of the Parliament 
of England, for the space of seven years ; and 
after the expiring of that term, that it be re- 
gulated as shall be agreed upon by his Majesty 
and his two houses of Parliament." 



DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &c. 163 

'* And the like for the Kingdom of Scotland." 

" Concerning the Wars in Ireland, his Majesty 
will do whatsoever is possible for him, to give 
full satisfaction therein. " 

" And if these be not satisfactory, his Majesty 
then desires that all such of the propositions 
as are already agreed upon by both Kingdoms, 
may be speedily sent unto him ; his Majesty 
being resolved to comply with his Parliament 
in every thing that shall be for the happiness 
of his subjects, and for the removing of all 
unhappy differences, which have produced so 
many sad effects," 

"His Majesty having made these offers, he 
will neither question the thankful acceptance 
of them ; nor doth he doubt but his two King- 
doms will be careful to maintain him in his 
honour, and in his just and lawful rights, which 
is the onely way to make a happy composure 
of these unnatural divisions. And likewise will 
think upon a solid way of conserving the peace 
between the two Kingdoms for the time t# 



164 DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, &e. 

come. And will take a speedy course for 
easing and quieting his afflicted people, by 
satisfying the publlck debts, by disbanding of 
all armies, and whatsoever else shall be judged 
conducible to that end ; that so all hinderance 
being removed, he may return to his Parliament 
with mutual comfort. 

Southwell, May 18th, 1646. 

POSTSCRIPT. 

His Majesty being desirous to shun the 
further effusion of blood, and to evidence his 
real intentions to Peace, is willing that his 
forces in and about Oxford be disbanded, and 
the fortifications of the city dismantled, they 
receiving honorable conditions. Which being 
granted to the town and forces there, his Ma- 
jesty will give the like order to the rest of the 
garrisons. 

For the Speaker of the House 
of Peers, pro tempore, to be 
communicated to the two houses 
of Parliament at Westminster, 
and the Commissioners of the 
Parliament of Scotland. 






165 



PRESENT STATE OF THE CASTLE, 



The only parts remaining of this once stu- 
pendous edifice, are the whole of the western 
side and part of the northern. Any attempt 
to carry its antiquity higher than the time 
of Stephen is fruitless; as will be fully demon- 
strated. It is not improbable that the erection. 
was begun in the reign of Henry I. for in 1138, 
(3 Steph.) Alexander " had built the Castle of 
Newark/' and this was only nine years pre- 
vious to the death of that Prelate, which 
happened in 1147. Not much above half a 
century had elapsed since the Norman advent,, 
and the innovations, in architecture, introduced 
by those depredators could, as yet be only in 
their infancy. That they obtained not here 
is certain, unless the groinings may be admitted 
to belong exclusively to that people; instead 
of the gewgaw, zig zag fascia, the plain, the 



166 PRESENT STATE OF THE CASTLE. 

bold torus of the Saxon is in excellent preser- 
vation in many parts. The inner side of the 
western wall, facing the bowling green exhibits 
several specimens of circular headed windows 
and doorways, notoriously of Saxon origin. 
But the noble entrance to the north, is deci- 
dedly in point, as to the style in which the 
Castle was at first finished. This was the 
principal gate way, the greater part whereof 
is now wailed up. The Saxon arch still remains 
entire, and on the east, west and south sides of 
the upper story are windows in the same mode 
as those in the oldest part of the ante- choir of 
Southwell Collegiate Church, and by their 
having been more shielded from the inclemency 
of the weather, are astonishingly perfect. It 
must be allowed, there are two distinct species 
of gothic, in the flank adjoining the water, 
but these windows are discernibly interpola- 
tions ; there are also mullioned windows, pro- 
bably of the time of James I. or Charles I. 
Nearly level with the ground, and within a 
few feet of the north west tower is a doorway, 
leading into the lower or subterranean parte 
of the Castle. After proceeding a few paces, 



PRESENT STATE OF THE CASTLE. 167 

an opening on the right discovers a large room, 
which has been called a Crypt; and there is 
reason to believe not improperly. This apart- 
ment is 46 feet in length, 23 feet 4 inches in 
width, and 11 feet in height. Along the central 
line of the floor, at equal distances, are ranged 
hexagonal columns, of freestone, whose shafts 
and capitals have not suffered, in the least from 
time. From column to column length-wise, 
spring semi-circular arches, as also from the 
columns to the opposite walls, transversely. 
The ceiling is groined, by thin stones, laid 
edge-wise with the greatest exactness. What 
is somewhat singular, the pointing of this- 
work is perished, it never having been 
coated, which is the only evident token of 
decay in the room. The floor is in its original 
state of earth. Light is admitted through 
loop holes, in the western wall. This place 
was used as a Chapel, of which further notice 
will be taken hereafter. 

The difficulty of forcing a passage into 
this fortress is evident from the construction of 
i(< main entrance, the outer gate of which 






168 PRESENT STATE OF THE CASTLE. 



opened immediately into a hold Y]\ feet by 10 
feet, the surrounding walls being 5 ft. in thick- 
ness; adjoining to this and opposite the outer 
opening was another gateway, equally strong, 
beyond which another hold, 16 feet by 15| 
feet, and before a lodgment in the area could 
be completed was another barrier equal in 
strength to the first and second. 

Through these portals, the munifieent 
founder was conveyed, as a prisoner, to one of 
its dungeons, by command of the usurper 
Stephen, nor suffered to enjoy the sweets of 
liberty until he had surrendered his Castle at 
Sleaford; and through them was brought in a 
litter, the bloated, death stricken, licentious 
John. This path was often trodden by the 
gay, equivocally charactered Henrietta \ and 
here the shouldered sentry often recognized 
the irresolute and vacillating Charles. Here 
entered the magnanimous Smith, with a de- 
putation of his heroic townsmen, and invoked 
Lord Bellasis, with tears, to disobey the man- 
date of his soul harased master, for surrender- 
ing the place; u trust God and sally/ 9 cried 



PRESENT STATE OF THE CASTLE. 169 

the high spirited Mayor. Armed with every 
instrument of demolition, on Monday morning 
the 11th of May, 1646, in rushed the summon- 
ed neighbourhood — havoc was the order of the 
day — and here at this present writing are 
lodged and fed a number of pigs ! 

From what has been advanced, it is clearly 
deducible that the Bishop of Lincoln was the 
sole founder of this Castle. Alexander was not 
of Norman extraction, being born at Blois in 
France, the birth place also of Stephen : he 
embraced with avidity the cause of Maud, the 
mother of Henry the second, in whom the 
Saxon line was restored. He was a Prelate 
whose ideas were grand, and his taste exquisite. 
His popularity was extensive, and, without 
doubt, adherence to the ancient mode of build- 
ing would greatly strengthen it ; he well knew 
the essential difference between a Castle and a 
Church ; stability was his aim, and he attained 
it. During the lapse of nearly seven centuries 
has this venerable structure braved the storms 
of war, the fury of tempest and the hand 
of time, and it is highly questionable if at this 

M 



170 PRESENT STATE OF THE CASTLE. 

day there are to be found, specimens of 
Saxon architecture, in the whole kingdom 
less imperfect than those displayed amongst the 
ruins of Newark Castle. These remains with 
their appurtenances are in the Parish of Stoke, 
four miles distant. The inhabitants of the site 
of the Castle, vote at Elections for Members of 
Parliament, as belonging to the Borough, but 
have not a voice in the choice of churchwardens, 
not being parishioner*. 



171 



GATEWAYS. 

Doctor Stukely says in his Itinerary, 
speaking of Newark, " I am satisfied it has 
been surrounded by a wall fc of Roman construc- 
tion, at least on three sides, the Castle and the 
river guarding the fourth. There were three 
gates, two whereof still remain. The arches 
are not perhaps in their present state to be 
pronounced Roman original, but they appear 
to be composed in a great measure of Roman 
materials. Buildings and modern improve- 
ments have in a great measure obliterated the 
ditch, but a street contiguous to that which 
guarded the south side of the town still retains 
the name of Potter's Ditch/ 1 It is an old say- 
ing, " when a man's name is up, he may take 
himself to bed/' the learned author says, he is 
satisfied there has been a wall of Roman con- 
struction, now the only evidence that there 

m 2 



172 GATEWAYS, 

ever had been a wall of any construction what- 
soever, was the two remaining gates, which 
said gates, though bearing undisputable marks 
of high antiquity, the Doctor cannot pronounce 
to be of Roman original, yet in part composed 
of Roman materials ; this is certainly tanta- 
mount to asserting they were built with old 
stuff, which very few who beheld them would 
believe. Doctor Stukely speaks decidedly to 
three gates, but does not give the least hint 
where the third was situated, but it is not 
unreasonable to suppose it at the top of Carter- 
gate, which lies on the ancient fosse-way. 11 
Potter dike were the boundary of the fortifica- 
tion to the south, and the two gates, remaining 
some years since, made a part of the wall, the 
enclosed space, without very considerable 
irregularity would not have included Mdlgate, 
Appletongate, Baldertongate and Barnbygate, 
not to mention Northgate, which was anciently 
held distinct from Newark. It may not, 
perhaps be assuming too much to pronounce 
the gate adjoining to the Market-place, not to 
have been an aperture in the town wall, but a 
portal for some other purpose, on which it 



GATEWAYS. 173 

would be vain to hazard a conjecture; but 
that it was an internal pass may be inferred 
from the name of Dry -bridge, which certainly 
cannot be a corruption of Draw-bridge, for if 
the ditch ran in the front of this gate, though 
there would most likely be a draw-dridge over 
it; yet would there not at the same time be the 
like constructions at the north and south gates, 
nor would it have been wanting of a name 
from its horizontal bearing, the claim being 
full as strong to a cardinal point as that of its 
neighbour. The appellation of Dry-bridge or 
Dry Passage, may then be understood to have 
obtained in contradistinction to those over the 
ditch surrounding the wall, which was occa- 
sionally filled with water. That there was 
considerable difference in the architecture of 
the north and east gates will appear by their 
description. 

NORTH GATE, OR NORTH BAR GATE, 

Was situated at the junction of Castlegate 
and the ancient adjunct called Northgate, the 
abutments occupied the site of a dwelling 



174 GATEWAYS. 

house the property of Mrs. Guthrie, now in 
the occupation of Mr. Craven, and the entrance 
to the premises belonging to Mr. Huggins, in 
the occupation of Mr. Talbot. This archway 
consisted of two semicircular heads, the ex- 
ternal one had its springing considerably 
wider than the opening and took off two thirds 
of half the thickness of the wall by a very bold 
ovolo, and pointed fillet, the inner one, finished 
with an ovolo also, had for its diameter the 
width of the opening, which was very narrow 
in proportion to its height upon the square, 
being only one half thereof. This gate had a 
much greater appearance of remote antiquity 
than the eastern one, and had suffered consider- 
ably more from the inclemency of the weather, 
but perhaps that may be ascribed in part to 
situation. It w r as removed in the year 1762. 

THE EAST GATE, OR DRY-BRIDGE. 

This archway stood in the small street * 
connecting the Market-place with Cartergate 

* Called the Brigge, A. D. 1556, Vid. Schedule of 
Phillipotfs endowment. 



GATEWAYS. 175 

and 68 feet from the line of the former. The 
face of this piece of architecture presented a 
very different appearance to that of the North 
gate, the arch, which was semicircular sprang 
from the upright of its own architrave, which 
continued to the ground, there was not any 
impost. The front of the stones composing the 
architrave, about six inches in thickness, was 
cut into a fillet and cima recta, these formed 
an indented moulding in the thickness of the 
wall, the fillet being level with its face, bounding 
the whole of the aperture in the manner of a 
heading course. The opening of this w r ay was 
much better proportioned than the other; there 
was not an inner head, the soffit lying horizon- 
tally from the western to the eastern crown. 
The gate remained till the year 1784; the 
width of the abutments are still visible on the 
walls of the street ; the northern one, separating 
the premises of Mr. Thomas Stansall, and Mr. 
John Ridge, was digged up by the latter in 
1810. 



176 



THE CHURCH. 

It has been premised, in the former part of 
this work, upon the authority of Doomsday, 
that at the time of the Norman spoliation, the 
town of Newark contained several Churches, 
and some pains bestowed to stamp that account 
with the seal of probability. And, as a further 
strengthening of the position there advanced, 
an extract made by Thoroton from the Mo* 
nasticon, may not be deemed a feeble auxiliary. 
In particularizing the confirmation, by Henry 
the II. of some endowments bestowed on the 
Priory of Saint Katharine, near to the city of 
Lincoln it states, " Amongst which were the 

Churches of $etec, Cotton, Attune, 

and jPcitJtOnr , and two Messuages and Dwell- 
ing houses in the Borough of $t\tottt, and the 
Houses, with the Land on the north east part 
of the Mother Church, and four Bovats of Land 




X, /•/// 



THE CHURCH. 177 

in the fields of l^tftferC, with the Dwelling 
houses, and twenty acres in the Heath, and a 
Dwelling house which the Church of 0t\Httt 
had before, with two Bovats of Land in the 
field. And the Chapel of the Apostles, Philip 
and James, founded in the Castle of the said 
Toicn" (of which more particular notice has 
been already taken) " and anciently given to 
the Mother Church, with the tenth penny of 
the whole Toll of the Borough of ^ItWtts 
except the Fairs." It is evident from these 
expressions the places of worship were numer- 
ous, otherwise, so strong a term as Mother 
Church would not have been applicable. 

The present edifice, as a parish Church; is, 
perhaps, scarcely to be equalled in the King- 
dom ; it is composed externally as well as 
internally of the very latest species of gothic 
architecture, used in the time of Henry the 
VII. f viz. from 1485 to 1509, some have fixed 
its origin in the reign of Henry the VI.; but 
that Monarch was much too pious to have 
Buffered such exuberant lapses of fancy as are 
to be found about this structure. The sym- 



178 THE CHURCH. 

metry of its lofty spire is beautifully visible at 
the distance of many miles. The windows 
are unusually large, especially the principal 
one to the east, but in general, elegantly pro- 
portioned, the quickness of sweep in their heads 
having apeculiarly pleasingeffect; the majority 
of them, are, to a certainty, not originals, as 
is clearly observable by evident tokens of 
posterior insertion. 

It is somewhat remarkable that all the 
writers, hitherto employed on this subject, 
should have omitted to state, demonstrably, 
that the present tower is only a superstructure 
on one far more ancient. The western end 
for several yards in height exhibits the gothic 
of Edward the III. ; and the two preceding 
reigns, here is seen in the capitals and archi- 
traves, the pointed rosette ; the columns are 
filletted peculiar to the taste of that era, and 
in which the choir part of the Collegiate 
Church of Southwell, so superfluously abounds. 
A window in the same mode, formerly sur- 
mounted the grand west entrance, of which 
some feet of each springing of the head is still 



THE CHURCH. 1/9 

apparent, and decidedly corresponding. There 
are several niches with statues, understood to 
be given as representations of the Apostles. 
The crockets and frets are elegantly conceived 
and executed in a manner highly creditable to 
the workmen. One compartment of the cir- 
cumference of the tower is imitative of the 
embellishment in the tympan at the ends of 
the transept at Southwell. The altitude from 
the base to the vane is 240 feet, and the pin- 
nacles are ascended to by a flight of one hun- 
dred and ninety stone steps. 

ANCIENT CHAUNTRIES AND ALTARS, 

IN THE CHURCH OF NEWARK. 

According to Thoroton there were 

One Chauntry at the Altar of All Saints. 

Two .. of the Holy Trinity. 

One of St. Nicholas. 

One of Corpus Christi. 

One of Mary Magdalene. 

One, called William Saucemers. 
One, called William de Newarke. 

These were endowed with divers parcels 
of land and several houses for the reception 
and maintenance of their respective Priests. 



180 THE CHURCH. 

Mr. Torre's MSS. enumerate as follows; — 



1. St. Trinity's. 8. Surflet's. 

2. Caldwell's. 9. Bosco's. 

3. Ferror's. 10. Wareslyck's. 

4. Forster's. 11. Duraut's. 

5. Flemyng's. 12. William Saucemer's. 

6. Isabel Caldwell's. 13. St. Peter's. 

7. Robert Caldwell's. 



THE BELFRY. 

On entering the great western door, into 
the Belfry, the same species of ancient archi- 
tecture meets the eye, as on the outside, the 
columns are massive, clustered and filleted or 
ribbed, not any thing similar is to be found in 
other parts of the fabric ; but if this were 
not conclusive, it is upon record that "Fleming, 
bishop of Lincoln, consecrated the Church of 
Newark in the year 1303, (31 Ed. I.) And 
also a licence granted to the parishioners of 
Newark, A. D. 1312, (5 Ed. II.) " to remove 
the Chapel which stood in the church-yard 
and was built by Henry Murdac, Archbishop 
of York," who was consecrated in 1140, anc 



THE CHURCH. 181 

died 1154, (18 Step.*) (" forasmuch as it had 
no endowment for to sustain the same or the 
Chauntry therein assigned,) to enlarge the 
church-yard for a place of sepulture, and to 
convert the timber, lead, stone, glass and other 
materials of that Chapel, to the use of the 
Church, and that part of the fabrick thereof 
lately erected in a certain alley, by the said 
parishioners ; that every Priest celebrating in 
the perpetual Chauntry there, be ordained in 
the name of the parishioners, for the souls of 
the said Henry and others his predecessors ; 
especially, for the finding a special masse to 
be made for him." There cannot, therefore 
remain a doubt, that the lower part of the 
tower belonging to the Church of Newark, 
has been standing upwards of 515 years ; and 
also that the Chapel taken down in 1312, had 
continued upwards of 160 years, the erection 
thereof being nearly coeval with that of the 
Castle. 

Against the north wall is affixed the brass 
effigy of Phillipott, in his robes of office as 

' Vfd. History of Southwell. 



182 THE CHURCH. 

Alderman, under which is the following- 
inscription ; 

This plate was removed A. D. 1811, 
to perpetuate the memory of 
WILLIAM PHILPOT, 
At whose death in May 1557, it was placed on his Grave- 
stone in the south transept of this Church. 

Amongst other liberal benefactions to this Town, he founded 
the Almshouse in Barnby Gate. 

On the western wall an inscription states, that 

RICHARD SUTTON, ESQ. 

The Honorable Brigadier General of her 
Majesty's forces, gave ^200 for the new cast- 
ing of six Bells, and metal for two new Bells 
in this steeple, as also the branch candlesticks 
in the Church and Chancel. 

The present Organ was formerly placed 
underneath where this inscription now stands, 

THE FONT. 

This is a beautiful antique, but the materi- 
al out of which it was formed, is now rendered 



THE CHURCH. 183 

doubtful, by the repeated coatings of paint : 
tradition proclaims it grey marble. The shaft 
carries evident tokens of high antiquity, it 
is divided into six compartments, wherein, 
niche-wise, are represented the twelve apos- 
tles, in pairs ; the sculpture is remarkably 
bold, but by the accumulation of oil and co- 
lour, injudiciously applied, appears coarse to 
the eye. On the basin is seen, in different 
places, a single cherub head between two 
wings, very boldly executed : round its base is 
inscribed — 

£®3(£. 3W3I- *®$C. EX&©. l$<®€- 

$<&$€<&. &&$%%% €&W&Z. 

The cover, which is nicely proportioned, bears 
not any traces of antiquity. The ascent to the 
Font is by two broad easy steps. 

On a small tablet, affixed to an adjoining 
pillar, is the following inscription, — 

This font was demolished by the Rebels, May 9th, 1646, 
and rebuilt by the charity of Nicholas Ridley, 1660. 



184 THE CHURCH. 

This piece of fanatical malevolence was 
exhibited the very next day after the round- 
heads took possession ; but that the Font it- 
self was demolished, or even injured, no one 
can believe. It is possible that one of Poyntz's 
drunken ruffians might be moved to strike off 
its cap, which would probably break by the 
fall ; so, that somewhat less of ostentation in 
Master Ridley's charitably rebuilding would 
have been rather more christian like. 

On a plain brass plate affixed to a column 
towards the south door, is a long epitaph to 
the memory of John Taylor, written by his 
son, the celebrated Doctor Taylor, who at the 
time of his own decease, was erecting the ele- 
gant house atWinthorpe, afterwards purchased 
by Roger Pocklington, Esq. and in the year 
1809, by John Elliott, Esq. of Nottingham, in 
whose possession it now remains. 

h. o. s. 

JOHANNIS TAYLOR 

Viri probi atq pii, 
Quern Senio languidum, morboq gravi languidiorem, 
Praefecti hujus oppidi munere bis functum* 



THE CHURCH. 185 

Idemq tertio jam suscepturum, 

Suorum lacrymis lieu' frustra deprecantibus, 

Mors abstulit inexorabilis 

XXVII Calendas Octobris, 

MDCCXXXK. 

Humanae Salutis 

Anno. 

Liceat Viator ! filio lugenti 

(Verba enim, qua? negat Luctus, ministrabit pietas) 

Liceat de tali parente pauca praedicare : 

Scias itaq ilium patrimouium modicum 

Iuculpatissima auctum industria, 

Honestissimo etiamnum dum augebat Usui dicare ausum esse 

Familise scilicet Suae 

Quippe qui suis beuefacere vivus quam mortuns, 

Suosqbeare quam seipsum ditare, 

Nunquam imo ne senescens quidem non mallet 

Exemplum sane non quotidianum 

Quod imitabuntur pauci, laudabunt onmes. 

Veneratur autem films Supcrstes 

ROBERTUS TAYLOR, M. D. 

Qui tabulam banc yEream 

Virtutum Patris lere perenniorum 

Memoriae. 

D. D. Q. 



The subject of this inscription was a pub- 
lican, residing in a street called Kirkgate, in 
Newark, and master of the Turk's Head there; 
the old house was purchased by Mr. William 

N 



186 THE CHURCH. 

Thompson, and handsomely rebuilt in 1794, it 
is now called the Hotel, and in the occupation 
of Mr. Joseph Gilstrap. 

Near to the great south door, a handsome 
monument commemorates the virtues of a per- 
son whose family is now extinct in Newark. 
The inscription is thought, by some, to be 
rather too highly tinctured with the superla- 
tive ; but it appears, Mr. Broughton was, in 
reality, a very worthy man : this memorial 
was erected at the expense, and embellished 
from the pen of his disconsolate relict. Sacred 
ought to be held the tribute of widowed esteem, 
the heart there dictates from the tablet of re- 
trospection. 

To the memory of 
GUSTAVUS BROUGHTON, A. M. 

Who died Nov. 17th, 1760, and in the 47th year of his age. 

He finished his education in St. John's College in Cambridge^ 

In which place he acquired as much learning as was 

required either for a Divine or a Gentleman. 

As a worthy man in the former character few were his superiors? 

And to be his equal in the latter would not be a disgrace 

even to the most accomplished. 
He was for some time Vicar of St. Martin's in Leicester, 



THE CHURCH. 187 

Where he did the duties of his function in such a manner 

That he gave satisfaction to all, as well as instruction to many 

of his numerous parishioners. 

In his private life, whether as a christian, a husband, or a 

friend, no man could be more truly pious, 

affectionate, or sincere. 

His charities were as extensive as his income would allow ; 

but had it been as large as the benevolence of his heart, 

Few would have left greater monuments of true generosity than he . 

The concern of his disconsolate widow plainly testifies to the 

world, the loss she has sustained in the best of husbands 

and the best of friends. 
And to pay the last duties to his remains has caused this 

Monument to be erected ; 

Tho' his virtues are sufficiently known and revered by his 

surviving friends, yet it is hoped the latest posterity may profit, 

should they copy after this just character of sp worthy a man. 

On a stone underneath. 

Mrs. MARY BROUGHTON, 

Relict of the Rev. Gustavus Broughton, 

Died March 17th, 1763, 

In the 43rd year of her age. 

On contiguous stones in the pavement. 

Here lieth the body of the 

Rev. Edward Broughton, M. A. 

Who departed this life the sixth day of January, 

In the year of our Lord 1745, 

In the sixtieth year of his age. 



188 THE CHURCH. 

AND 

Near to this place lieth the body of 

EDMUND BROUGHTON, 

His second son, 

Who departed this life the fifth day of February, 

In the year of our Lord 1735, 

In the twenty first year of his age. 

The first of this family, residing at New- 
ark, was a Clergyman named Gustavus, 
Schoolmaster on Magnus 5 foundation and 
Curate of the Church. 

Near to the foregoing on a neat mural 
Monument. 

This tribute of filial affection is dedicated to the memory of 
JOHN HILL, and JANE his wife, 
The former died Feb. 18th, 1759, Aged 53. 
The latter December 7th, 1751, Aged 38. 



FAMILY OF LINTHWAITE, 

On another of similar construction, 

Sacred to the memory of 

Mrs. MARY LINTHWAITE, 

Relict of the late Mr. Wm. LINTHWAITE, 

Who died August 16th, 1786, Aged 74 years, 

And lies 33 feet north of this place. 
This monument is dedicated to her memory 



THE CHURCH. 189 

By F. B. Spilsbury, 
As a token of gratitude and respect. 

Also the memory of TRYPHENA Daughter of 

F. B. & MARIA SPILSBURY, 

Who died in London 18th December, 1803, 

Aged 17 years. 

On the Pavement, 

William Linthwaite, ob. 1762. 

Mary Linthwaite, ob. 1771. 

William Linthwaite, ob. 1780. 

Robert Linthwaite, ob. 1784. 

Mary Linthwaite, ob. 1786. 

The family is now extinct. 

Other memorials on the floor of this part 
of the Church. 

FAMILY OF SPRAGGING. 

Elizabeth, wife of Mr. Robert Spragging, .... ob. 1748. 
Elizabeth, wife of the Rev. Robert Lock, .... ob. 1764. 

Millicent Sampson, ob. 1765. 

Mr. Robert Spragging, ob. 1776. 

Ann, daughter of Mr. Robert Spragging, and wife 

of Mr. John Godfrey, ob. 1784. 

Mr. John Godfrey, ob. 1788. 

Mary, relict of Mr. Henry Milnes, formerly widow 

of Mr. Robert Spragging, ob. 1807. 



190 THE CHURCH. 

In the south west corner, on the floor, 
decorated with arms. 

Mr. JOHN CLOUGH, * 

Who departed this life Sep. 29th, 1766, Aged 71. 

Mrs. ELIZABETH CLOUGH, 

Relict of Mr. John Clough, 

Who departed this life April 28th, 1780, Aged 81. 

Mr. HENRY CLOUGH, 
Who departed this life June 27th, 1783, Aged 58. 
Here lie the remains of 
Mrs. SARAH CLOUGH, 
Who departed this life Jan. 6th, 1812, Aged 78. 

A mural Monument was erected, on the 
death of the latter, to the whole family. 

Elizabeth, wife of Richard Hough, ob. 1791. 

Mr. Thomas Edwards, ob. 1795. 

Mr. John Midgley, ob. 1797. 

Anne, wife of Samuel Peverell, .... ob. 1800, 
Jfrs. Lucy Rebecca Sutton, .... ob. 1801. 

Mr. Richard Wagstaff, ob. 1801. 

Jane, his wife, ob. 1803. 

Elizabeth, wife of Richard Bailiff, ob. 1805. 

Mr. Bettinson Cooke, ob. 1806. 

Ann Jepson, ... ob. 1806. 

* This John Clough was twice Mayor of Newark, 1741 
and 1754. The family is now extinct in the male branch. 






THE CHURCH. 191 

Mrs, Mary Milnes, ob. 1807. 

Mr. Samuel Peverell, ob. 1807. 

Rev. Robert Lock, ob. 1808. 

Mr. James Guthrie, Alderman,. . . . ob. 1810. 
Mr. John Spragging Godfrey, .... ob. 1811. 

In this part of the edifice, the Charity 
Estates are let by Auction, and the Church- 
wardens chosen. 

NORTH AISLE. 
FAMILY OF MARTIN. 

One of the most ancient in the town, of 
whom not any are remaining; they lie interred 
in various parts of this aisle. Their deaths 
are generally commemorated on brass plates. 

JOHANNIS MARTINII 

Quod reliquum est, et claudi potuit, 
Hie jacet. 
Qui 
Laboribus Patriae, amicis, oppidique 
Hujus Senatui, feliciter datis, 
Post sexaginta tres Annos 
Confectos, occubuit. 
Hunc 
GratiNepoles jactabunt olim, 
Et mentis impar praemium tuliss« 
Dolebunt frustra. 



192 THE CHURCH. 

Mr. Bartholomew Martin, ob . — * 

Elizabeth, daughter of Mr. William Martin, ob. 1699. 
Mr. Wm. Martin, Alderman, four times Mayor 

of Newark, viz. 1658, 1670, 1684, 1698, ob. 1702. 

Mr. Henry Martin, ob. 1736. 

Mrs. Ann Martin, ob. 1752. 

Sarah Martin, relict of Henry Martin, Gent. ob. 1758. 

Mr. William Martin, ob. 1760. 

Mr. Thomas Martin, ... ob. 1763. 

Ann, daughter of Thomas and Ann Martin, ob. 1769. 
Elizabeth Martin, relict of Mr. Wm. Martin, ob. 1776. 

Mrs. Ann Martin, ob. 1779. 

Martha, wife of the Rev. Henry Martin, .... ob. 1795. 

Robert Martin, Esq. ... ob. 1801. 

William Martin, Esq ob. 1803. 

Williamson of Thomas and Ann Martin,. .„ . ob. 1804. 
Rev. Henry Martin, ob. 1805. 

This family is now extinct in the male line. 

A large brass plate bears the following 
inscription. 

E. M. s. 

J OH AN T WELLS Scholae Novarcensis per triginta 

Circiter et novem annos Moderatoris. 

Qualis quantusquevir fuerat 

Aliunde queer as Lector. , 

Ejus quippe fuit, quae prascipua est laus maximorum viroruni 

Laudes nee desiderare, nee ferre potuisse. 

* Alderman in 1610. 






THE CHURCH. 193 

Post infinites paene lahores 

Ad promovendam rem grammaticam exactos. 

Post scripta multifaria 

Ad eandeni artem reformandam 

Et iliustrandam exaucta, 

Euthanasiam, quam sibi semper optaverat, 

Deo auspice feliciter tandem obtinuit. 

Quarto Kal. Januarii A. D, 1713. 

/Etat suas Sexag essimo Primo. 

FAMILY OF RIDGHILL. 

On the entrance into the north aisle, on 
the pavement. 

Mr. John Ridghill, Alderman, ob. 1783. 

Rachel Ridghill, his wife, ob. 1793. 

Rachel Itidghill, their daughter, , ob. 1750. 

Sarah, their daughter, wife of Mr. J. Jessop, ob. 1790. 

FAMILY OF SWIFT. 

Now extinct, but formerly one of the first 
respectability in Newark. 

John Swift, ob. 1623. 

Jane Swift, ob. 

Swift, ob. 1714. 

Elizabeth, relict of John Swift, ob. 1726. 

Elizabeth, daughter of Christopher Swift, ob. 1728. 

Christopher Swift, ob. 1742. 

Elizabeth, his wife, ob. 1742. 

Jane, daughter of Christopher Swift, ob. 1752. 



194 THE CHURCH. 

FAMILY OF HANDLEY, 

(On brass plates) 

Mr. William Handley, Alderman, - - - - ob. 1788. 

Sarah, his wife, --------- ob. 1788. 

William Handley, their son, ----- ob. 1798. 

Mrs. Elizabeth Handley, ob. 1803. 

Mrs. Ann Handley, ob. 1806. 

Near to these, 
Mr. Thomas Bland, Alderman, who married 

Miss Jane Handley, ------ ob. 1802. 

Elizabeth, wife of William Handley, Esq. ob. 1803. 
William Handley, Esq. ob. 1810. 

On various brass plates. 

Here lieth the body of Mr. JOHN MILNES, 

Thrice Mayor of this town,* 

Who died Jan, 1st, 1739, Aged 77. 

And also the body of HANNAH, 

The wife of Mr. John Milnes, 

Who died 17th July, 1753, Aged 73 years. 

Affixed to one of the columns. 

$rap fist tije gottfe of €i|^ft@3l$ 
<&ft # 3f f&GQ, gentleman, top$ Hece#s?e& 
pe n bap of marcl) 3Co tuxu mvxix on 
to$o£ goule ilju* fjafce maecpe* 

» 1704, 1715, 1728. 



THE CHURCH. 195 

EFFIGIES, WITH INSCRIPTIONS. 

To the memory of Mr, JOHN JOHNSON, Alderman, 

and twice Mayor * of this loyal and unanimous f 

corporation of Newarke, who deceased the 

24th day of January, Anno Dom. 1649, and lies interred 

near this place, and hopes of a joyful resurrection. 

Hoc grati animi ergo triste monumentum posuit 

Johannes Johnsonus cognatus ejus. 

On a small mural Monument. 

Sacred to the memory 

©f an affectionate Brother, a pleasant and chearful 

Companion, a sincere and steady Friend. 

Josias Jessop, Esq. 

died 24th Dec. 1808, aged 62 years. 

GRAVESTONES ON THE PAVEMENT. 

Here lyeth the bodys of 

Mr. WILLIAM SNELL, 

An Attorney at Law, and once Mayor of this corporation, 

and MARY his wife, 

She was the daughter of Mr Mason, an Attorney at Law, 

She departed this life September 9th, 1710, Aged 60 years* 

He was buried, January 30th, A. D. 1724, Aged 77. 

* 1639, Q. John Jennison in 1657; Vid. List of 
Mayors. 

f This may allude to the restoration of Charles II. as 
it occurred in May following. 



196 THE CHURCH. 

John Cheetham, --------- ob. 1653. 

John Cheetham, --------- ob. 168- . 

Ann, wife of John Cheetham, - - - - - ob. 1714, 

John Cheetham, --------- ob. 1742, 

Dorothy, wife of Mr. Richard Hawden, - - ob. 1711. 
Mr. Richard Hawden, ------- ob. 1726. 

Mr. Richard Hawden, ------- ob.. 1751. 

Ann Hawden, his sister, ------ ob. 1782. 

Mr. William Killinger, Alderman, - - - ob. 1716. 
Sarah, his daughter, wife of Mr. J. Milnes, oh. 1751. 
Mr. Thomas Killinger, mayor of the corpora- 

Hon in the rebellion in 1746, - - - - ob. 1756. 

Mr. Charles Dranfield, ob. 1743. 

Mrs. Helen Dranfield, his relict, - - - - ob. 1766. 
Mary, their daughter, wife of Henry Snart, ob. 1781. 
Henry Snart, ---------- ob. 1786. 

William Broadhurst, ob. 1768. 

William Broadhurst, ob. 1772. 

Mary Broadhurst, ,------- ob. 1774. 

John Broadhurst, -------- ob. 1781. 

Ann Johnson, ---------- ob. 1656. 

Mr. John Whitteaker, - - - - - - - ob. 171- . 

Mrs. Dodsworth, - - - - ob. 17 — . 

Sarah, wife of John Whitteaker, - - - - ob. 1737. 

Mrs. Annis, ---------- ob. 1746. 

Ralph Mossom, --------- ob. 1746. 

Richard Harrison, -------- ob. 1755. 

M ary, wife of John Lambert, ----- ob. 1762; 

Catharine Avery, --------- ob. 1770. 

Dorothy, wife of Richard Harrison, - - - ob. 1772. 



THE CHURCH. ^7 

Elizabeth Allen, ob. 1776. 

Catharine Green, ob. 1778. 

Elizabeth, wife of William Webster, - - ob,- 1785. 

Martha Bienasy, ob. 1786. 

William Webster, ob. 1789. 

Philip Tallents, ob 1789. 

Garrat Ordoyno, --------- ob. 1795. 

William, son of Elizabeth Allen, - - - - ob. 1795. 

Jane Calcroft, ob. 1798. 

Henry Job, ----ob. 1799. 

Ann HuddlestoDe, ----.---ob 1802. 
Frances, wife of Richard Tenny, - - - ob. 1804. 

William Calcroft, ob. 1805. 

Hardwick Taylor, ob. 1805. 

Elizabeth, his wife, ob. 1806. 

Albinia, wife of Richard Fisher, - - - - ob. 1806. 

MARY, the wife of The Rev. Davies Pennell, 
Who died Jan. 8th, 1803. 
Also of the Rev. DAVIES PENNELL, 
Who died the 15th of June, 1814, Aged 90 years. 

By the north east corner, upon a marble, 
on the wall : 

m. s. 

HENRICO TREWMANNO viro faeliciter docto &hujua 

Ecclesiae praesuli vigilantissimo 

Quis hunc quaesivit augulum quaeris ? 

Veritatis Angelus 
Quis hie Conditus est, viator rogas ? 



198 THE CHURCH. 

Sale & Melle conditus ipse & Sal & Meto 

Verus homo veri Dei AtETAHS ArrEAlHTHS : 

Absit venalis gloria, & Colossis mendax Marmor. 

Non adblandiente verborum, lapidumve strue 

Ilium, velvivum, velmortuum ementiemur, 

Cum sibi sculpta laus, 

Etdaetum existit Monumentum Hen. Trewman, 

Hie Sydus eluxit inter sydera jam coronatus 
Dum desideriis syderatos relinquens nes 
Coelicolis triumphant sacer mysta, 
Insanis populi turbis 
Saeculorum faevis turbinibus inturbatus 
Irisolitus mundi, & procellosis fluctibus 
Non minus solito serenus ; 
Sic cautus ipsius Gubernator 
In tranquillo fatalis naufragii speculator tutus, 
Et clarior in obscuritate temporum factus, 
Stelliferi claritate Olympi gaudes 
O lampas fulgens 
Quid quaeris amplius ? 
Regi a Sacris, ccelestis orator, & Capellanus : 

Populo a Mysteriis ventatis Assertor, & minister : 

Amicis a sacro fcedere sanctissimus cultor, 
Coeli jam municeps . 
In eloquio casti sermonis, joci 
Jn consuetudine, Generosi-honesti. 
Flores & fructus : 
Et rerum veritate, & verborum varietate 
Facundus omnibus, & faecundus-mellinuus Artife*. 
Sic lucidissimis elegantiarum gemmis ornatum, 
Et divino Entbeatum pectus fervore 
Plusquam Humana sapuit : 



THE CHURCH. 199 

Mirantesq, omnes attonuit audientium Choros . 

Feelicitatem, quam vivendo dedit, abstulit abeundo : 

Sic utilis terris, sic dulcis ccelo, 

Nusquam non integer 

I1ANAAH0H2. 

Charissimi Soceri memoriae pie consulens, triste hoc sui 

obsequii ministerium posuit 
L. Jenison. ^Etatis Quinquagesimo quinto obiit 2 Decemb* 
Anno Restituto Mundo, 1665. 

BEHIND THE ALTAR. 

On a small monument, under an effigies, 
at the back of the screen. 

This monument represents the person of JOHN JOYCE, 
of Belvoir, Esq deceased in Lent, 1608, who served a long" 
time the house of Rutland, first secretary to the Right 
Honourable and worthy Lords Edward and John, Earls of 
Rutland in their several times, and lastly steward of the 
household to the Right Honourable and noble Lord Roger, 
now Earl of Rutland, &c. He was about the age of 60, and 
in his declining time made choyce to end his dayes in this 
town, and to leave his body here enterred, whose love and 
charitable affection, he hath by his last Will expressed to 
this church and poor of the town. Et sic in vita & morte 
gaudet in Domino. 

FAMILY OF MILNES, 

(part of whom lie interred in the Church yard.) 

SAMUEL, son of Mr, Francis Milnks, 
Buried June 9th, 1117. 



200 THE CFIURCH. 

In memory of ANNE, late wife of Mr. John Milnes, 
Who departed this life January 6th, J 746, aged 33 years. 

Also of Hannah, Richard, Francis, John, John and Ann, 
Their children, who died in infancy. 

Herelieth the body of JOHN MILNES, Gent. 

Who departed this life the 20th day of February, 1772, 

In the 60th year of his age. 

FAMILY OF TOMLINSON. 

Pavement. 

3V?r. John Tomlinson, ob. 1722. 

Elizabeth, wife of Mr. James Tomlinson, ... ob. 1736. 
Barbara, wife of Mr. John Tomlinson, aged 100 ob. 1746. 

Mr. James Tomlinson, ob. 1767. 

Anne, his wife, ob. 1 769. 

Mr. James Tomlinson, Bookseller, ob. 1789. 

James Tomlinson, J un ob. 1790. 

Elizabeth, his wife, ob. 1791. 

Mary, daughter of James & Anne Tomlinson, ob. 1796. 
George, son of Wm. & Elizabeth Tomlinson, ob. 1796* 

Charles, their son, ob. 1799. 

Anne, daughter of .lames & Anne Tomlinson, ob. 1802. 
Mr. William Tomlinson,... ob. 1807. 

And, on a neat mural monument, 

Sacred to the memory of 

GEORGE TOMLINSON, Gent. 

Who died a bachelor 9th March, 1808, aged 65 years. 

This monument is erected as a token of gratitude 

By his affectionate Nephew Reuben Terrewest. 



THE CHURCH. 201 

PAVEMENT CONTINUED. 

George Talar, ob. 165- • 

John Clark, ob. 1701. 

Anne, wife of Edward Callis, ob. 1717. 

Mary, wife of William Shackles, of Hull, ob. 1747. 

Mrs. Jane Derry, wife of Mr. John Derry, ob. 1750. 

Stephen, son of William Shackles, ob. 17*56. 

Sarah, wife of William Lang, ob. 1767. 

Matthew Ward, officer of Excise, ob. 1771. 

Ann, wife of John Brown, .... ob. 1772. 

Thomas Harper, ob. 1774. 

John Twelch, Jun ob. 1775. 

William Lang, ob. 1775. 

Rebecca, wife of Thomas Harper, ob. 1779. 

William Barnard, ob. 1780. 

Ruth, his wife, ob. 1781. 

William, son of John Twelch, . . . . f ob. 1786. 

John Pudsey, late of Eaden, Yorkshire, .... ob. 1787. 

Mr. John Derry, ob. 1790. 

John Twelch, Sen. ob. 1793; 

Ann, his relict, ob. 1804. 

Lawrence Staples, ob. 1805. 

William Crampern, ob. 1808. 

A neat mural Monument. 

SACRED TO THE MEMORY OP 

GARRETT ORDOYNO, 

Who departed this life Nov. 29th, 1195, Aged 72 year*. 



202 



THE CHURCH. 



Also of JACOB ORDOYNO, 

WHO DIED A BACHELOR, 

Jan. 9th, 1812, in his 78 year. 

This Monument is erected as a tribute of Gratitude, by 

Garrett Ordoyno, of Coddington, Son and 

Nephew of the above. 

Brass plate on a mural Monument. 

To the memory of THOMAS BLAND, 
Who died on the 23rd of January, 1802, Aged 60 years. 

Also of his Son WILLIAM, 

Who died on the 19th of January, 1811, Aged 32 yean. 

And of his Daughter JANE, 

The wife of JOHN HALL, Esq. 

of East Bridgeford, in this County, 

Who died on the 5th of March, 1812, Aged 37 year*. 

Felices nimium placida qui morte quiescunt 

Sic dicit Jesus mundi melioris origo. 

Brass plates on the Pavement. 

Beneath this stone are interred the remains of 

EDWARD CLARKE, 

Who died the 20th of Nov. 1786, Aged 84 years. 

ELIZABETH, wife of Edward Clarke, 

Who died 18th of May, 1786, Aged 74 years. 

CATHARINE GREEN, 
Daughter of John and Catharine Clarke, 
Who died 31st Octoher, 1798, aged 30 years. 
JOHN CLARKE, 
Who died 1st September, 1806, Aged 69 years* 
And THOMAS CLARKE, 
Who died 14th July, 1816, Aged 44 year*. 



THE CHURCH. 203 

In remembrance of SARAH NORTON, 
Who died 5th May, 1816, in the 18th year of her age. 

Farewell, on Earth, too promising to dwell, 
O well beloved, lamented Girl, farewell. 

To the memory of 

JAMES WILSON BLAND, 

Son of William and Mary Bland, 

Who died 23rd July, 1811, aged 6 years. 

GRAVESTONES ON THE PAVEMENT. 

Josiah Jackson, son of John Jackson, ... ob. 1790. 

Frederic Charles Jackson, ob. 1811. 

John Jackson, , ob. 1812. 

Ann Huddlestone, Sen ob. 1802. 

Algernon Huddlestone, "\ Children of ob. 1800. 
Mary Anne Huddlestone, f John and Anne ob. 1805. 
John William Huddlestone, C Huddlestone, ob. 1809. 
Elizabeth Huddlestone, J ob. 1809. 



Arabella, wife of John Ridge, ob. 1802. 

William Allen Ridge, their son, ob. 1797. 

George Lawrence Ridge, son of John and 

Mary Ridge, ob. 1813. 

Elizabeth Allen, 8 , . • . ob. 1776. 

William Allen, „ ob. 1795. 

Judith Allen, „ ob. 1814. 

Robert Heppenstall, ob. 1811. 

Jane, his wife, ob. 1778. 

Elizabeth Pointall, her daughter, ob. 1784. 

Richard Pointall, ob. 1786. 

o2 



204 THE CHURCH. 

John Hinton, Organist, - - - - ob. 1668. 
Green Smith Job, - - - - - ob. 1784. 
Elizabeth, wife of Hardwick Taylor, - - ob. 1786. 

Henry Job, Sen. ob. 1799. 

Hardwick Taylor, ob. 1805. 

Mrs. Elizabeth Buck, of the City of Chester, ob. 181 1. 

SOUTH AISLE. 

MONUMENTS. 

Quod Fui Sum. 
HERCULIS CLAY Senatoris Novercensis anno 
Praeturae suae morientis primo Januarii 1644 
Qui anno Domini 1643, 5to Idus Martias abhorrendi 
Pyroboli fulmine in domum ab obsidentibus 
Collimato et penitus evertente ipse cum suis 
Dei favore servatus hunc diem gratitudinis 
Ergo et in perpetuam rei istius memoriam 
Eleemosina et sacra concione 
Celebrandum curavit. 
Hoc pacto 
Sibi monumentum conficiens 
Marmore ant aere perennius. 
Expuit ignivomum sulphur Balista cruenta 
Inque lares nostros, inque Novarca, tuos. 
Occidit ipsa domus ; cecidit sic missile fulgur, 

Caelitus admonitus numine tutus eram. 
Herculeis plus raptus ego quam viribus alto 

Et luto ejectus, sydera summa colo. 
Ignes jam fatuos in cesium tende rebellis 
Qio/Aaxsiy metuis qui haofons eras. 



THE CHURCH. 205 

Non audes ignave tuas dispergere flammas 
Dum Carolus terras Carolus astra tenet. 

Nee non uxoris suae dilectissimae 

Mari#: ejusdem faelicitatfc 

(Dei munere) participis. 

Wee two made one by his decree 

That is but one in Trinity 

Did live as one till death came in 

And made us two of one agen 

Death was much blam'd for our divorce 

But striving how he might doe worse 

By killing th* one as well as th* other 

He fairely brought us both togeather 

Our soules togeather where death dare not come 

Our bodyes lye interr'd beneath this tomb 

Way ting the resurrection of the just 

O know thy selfe (O man) thou art but dust. 

Another mural Monument commemorates, 

Quod reliquum est. 

GULIELMI HOBMAN, praefecti hujus oppidi 

Novarchiencis, spe resurrectionis 

Hie requiescit, qui postquam fere 

Semiannum temporibus procellocis, 

Lancem justiciar aequo libramine, 

Et intemerata fidelitate, sustinuisset, 

Tandem, relictis matre, uxore, 

Tribus filiis et una filia, 

Regimen successori, 

Corpus terras, 



206 THE CHURCH. 

Animam Deo, 

Pie resignavit 

8 Die Mensis Martii, anno Salutis 

Humanae 1659 . 

On a brass plate affixed to the north wall 
of this transept. 

Si sit in pretio, Hospes ! 

Aut virtus aut doctrina, 

Siste ; et libato cineri vicino 

R : V : Gulielmi Warburton, A : M » 

Joannis supers : sancti senis fil : 

Ex agro cistrensi 

Genorosa stirpe atque antquissima 

Profecti. 

Ore trilinqui, ac animo omnis capaci 

Antiquis Uteris consignatae, supientia 

Plurimum pollebat 

Criticus sine faustu, 

Sine pertinacia theologus. 

Sed apage naenias, 
Apage vos prostibulas 

Justitiae prudential castimoniae &c. 

Super omnem tumulum quotidie cons tupratas 

Magnificas voces 

Virtutem tarn synceram inimico ; 

Tarn absolutam, immo etiam temerario amies 

Enarrandam 

Ausim relinquere. 

Huius amplitudinis, si quseras, 

Qualis data est merces ? 



THE CHURCH. 20J 

Pudet dicere. Sileo. 
Si tandem quaeras, 
Qualem merebet ilia ? 
Dicam : 
Tempora feliciora. 
Vix: ann: XLI ob. A: R: N: MDCCXXIX. 

FAMILY OF HERON. 

Near this place lie interred, the bodies of JOHN HERON, 
Esq. and of JANE, his wife, the former of whom died on 
the 8th of December, J 727, aged 63, and the latter on th« 
14th of November, aged 71. 

He was son of Robert Heron, who died on the 16th of 
May, 1709, aged 63, and whose body is also interred near 
this place ; they were both men of unblemished integrity, 
Robert was the son of Thomas Heron, fifth son of John 
Heron, Esq. of Bockenfield, in the County of Northumber- 
land, a younger branch of the ancient barony of Heron, in 
that county ; whose sons and family were eminently loyal to 
King Charles the First, in whose service the above men- 
tioned Thomas, was major of the regiment of horse com- 
manded by Colonel Robert Dalyson, and also captain of a 
troop therein. 

She was youngest sister and executrix of Mr Daniel Crayle, 
whose monument she erected in the south aisle of this church, 
and was a woman who not only manifested a pious and cha- 
ritable disposition throughout her life, but did extend the 
influence of it to posterity, by settling an annual charity for 
ever. 



208 THE CHURCH. 

This monument was erected to the memory of the above 
said John and Jane Heron, by Robert Heron, their only 
surviving son and heir. 

The next monument commemorates an 
unusual assemblage of virtues, in a female 
branch of the same family, 

oyx ns Era ©eah 

Near this place lyeth interred, the body of Mrs. ANNE 
TAYLOR, (youngest daughter of John Heron, Esq. and 
Jane his wife, of this parish) the wife of Dr. Robert Tay- 
lor, physician extraordinary to the King, and likewise phy- 
sician to his Majesty's household, a woman of consummate 
virtue and prudence ; in whom a discernment and fortitude 
above her sex were happily united with that sweetness of 
manners, which is the characteristic of it, and with a piety 
void of all superstition, which rendered her one of its great- 
est ornaments. 






These uncommon virtues, christian reader, which were the 
daily admiration of her friends, and made the constant hap- 
piness of her husband, whilst the Almighty indulged her 
example to this world, have, through the merits of our 
blessed Redeemer, most assuredly obtained her eternal re- 
ward in the next ; to which it pleased God to call her on the 
xnth day of November, in the year of our Lord mdcclvii, 
and in the LVinth of her age ; after she had sustained, with 
the most exemplary patience and resignation to his will, the 
misery of a long and painful sickness, which had eluded the 
medical endeavours of her husband's friends, as well as hie 
own ; whose affectionate regard to so excellent a wife, hath 
consecrated this marble to her memory. 



THE CHURCH. 209 

DR. WILSON. 

Sacred to the memory of BARNARD WILSON, D. D. 

Upwards of forty years vicar of this place ; 

A man of sense, politeness and learning, 

without Pride, reserve or pedantry. 

Possessed of an affluent fortune, 

His hand was ever open to relieve the necessitous. 

His extensive charities when living, 

and ample henefactions at his decease, 

have raised him a living monument in the hearts of the poor. 

He departed this life on the 30th of April, 1772, 

Aged 83 years. 

Robert Wilson Cracroft, Esq. his nephew, 

has with gratitude and affection, inscribed this to his memory. 

PAVEMENT. 

List from Thoroton, now obliterated. 

Beatrix Lawe, ------ ob. 1450. 

Henry Folconer, and Margaret his wife, - ob. 1480. 
John Bekc, - - - - - - ob. 1512. 

William Grenc, Baker, - - - - ob. 1529. 

William Hodgckyson, Barber, - - ob. 1529. 

Lambert Watson, Draper, - ob. 1530. 

Agnes Beke, wife of John Beke, - - ob. 1533. 
Robert Eurion, with Catharine, Agnes, and 

Johanna, his wives, with Robert, - ob. 1539. 
Alice, wife of Hugh Kelstern, Alderman, - ob. 1539. 
Alice, wife of Nicholas Tomson, - - ob. 1540. 
William Saympson, Upholster, - - - ob. 1546. 



210 THE CHURCH. 

Hugh Kelstem, Draper, Alderman,* • - ob. 1563. 
Edward Saynton, Gent, twice Alderman, + 

and J. P. ob. 1573. 

WUliam Robinson, Glover, thrice Alderman, £ ob. 1575. 
Edward Kelstern, son to the Alderman, - ob. 1583. 
Elizabeth his daughter, wife of 

Christopher Jenison, - - - - ob. 1589. 

Robert Webb, ob. 1610. 

Jane Bethell, of Riddinge Grange, Yorkshire, ob. 1610. 
Gervas Bowman, - - - - - ob. 1619. 

Ann, wife of John Shaw, Gent. - ob. 1619. 

Thomas Hobman, Ironmonger, - - ob. 1640. 

Nicholas Pennythorne, - - - - ob. — •♦ 

In memory of Mr. JOHN HERON, 

Who was buried Feb. 17th, 1731, aged 42 years. 

FAMILY OF TWENTYMAN. 

Also of MARY, the wife of Samuel Twentymanj 
And daughter of the said Mr. John Heron, 
Who died 26th, of June 17 — , aged 31 years. 

Mr. JOHN TWENTYMAN, 

Who died 1735. 

The last of the male branch of this respect- 
able family, Mr. JohnTwentyman, died on the 
21st day of July, 1799, at Southwell, aged 52 
years ; and was interred in the ante-choir of 
the Collegiate Church in that place. 

• 1552. f 1553, 1567. 

J 1564, aone other date in the List* 



THE CHURCH. 211 

FAMILY OF LUND. 

(On a brass plate.) 

Here lieth the body of Mr. THOMAS LUND, 
once Mayor, * ob. 1715. 

Here lieth the body of Mrs. ALDRESS LUND, 
ob. 1750. aBtat. 57. 

Near this place 
Lies the hody of Mr. JOSEPH DEATH LUND, 

Alderman, and thrice Mayor of Newark, f 
ob. 1756. aetat. 67. 

FAMILY OF CLARKE. 

Elizabeth, the wife of Mr. Alexander Clarke, ob. 1686. 

Mr. Alexander Clarke, - - - - ob. 1722. 

Elizabeth, relict of Richard Garnon, late rector 
of North Withara, County of Lincoln, and 
only daughter of Mr. Alexander Clarke, ob. 1728. 

FAMILY OF CUMBERLAND. 

Mattbias Cumberland, - - - - ob. 1739. 
Mrs Dorothy Cumberland, his mother, - ob. 17-8. 
Mr. Bryan Cumberland, - ob. 1761. 
Matthias Cumberland, grandson of Matthias, ob. 1777. 
Ann Cumberland, relict of Matthias Cumber- 
land, ob. 1784. 

tamily of gascoyne, dates obliterated. 

• 1707. f 1725, 1738, 1751. 



212 THE CHURCH. 

FAMILY OF HAWDING. 

Mr. William Hawding, - - - - ob. 1742. 

Mrs. Lucy Hawding, his relict, - - ob. 1768. 

Elizabeth Hawding, - ob, 1770. 

Lucy Hawding, ob. 1788. 

FAMILY OF SPRAGGING. 

Samuel Spragging, ob. 1716. 

Mrs. Hannah Spragging, - ob, 1745. 

Samuel, son of Mr. Samuel Spragging, - ob. 1749. 

Francis Spragging, ob. . 

Anne, wife of Samuel Spragging, - - ob. 1 760. 

Susannah, wife of Samuel Spragging, - ob. 1768. 

Samuel Spragging, - - - - - ob.- 1780. 

FAMILY OF CRAMPERN. 

Mr. William Crampern, - ob. 1748. 

Anne, wife of John Crampern, - - ob. 1768. 

Mary, wife of William Crampern, - - ob. 1784. 

John Callis Crampern, - - - - ob. 1792. 

Mary Crampern, his wife, - - - ob. 1795. 
Susannah, daughter of William and Mary 

Crampern, ----- ob. 1796. 

FAMILY OF BERRY. 

Mr. Matthew Derry, - ob. 1727. 

Sarah, wife of Matthew Derry, - - ob. 1750. 

Mrs. Anne Derry, ----- ob. 1777. 

Mrs. Susannah Derry, <» ob. 1785. 



THE CHURCH. 213 

William Deny, sen. - ob. 1788. 

Jane, wife of William Deny, jun. - - ob. 1788. 
Elizabeth, daughter of Matthew Deny, relict 

of William Elliot, .... ob. 1795. 

FAMILY OF SMITH. 

Mr. Edward Smith, Alderman, - - ob. 1 759. 

Mary Godfrey, his niece, • ob. 1759. 

Mrs. Elizabeth Smith, his wife, - - ob. 1761. 

FAMILY OF SKETCHLEY. 

William Sketchley , late of Burton upon Trent, ob. 1 775. 
Isabella, daughter of Samuel Sketchley, - ob. 1777. 
Elizabeth, wife of Samuel Sketchley, Esq. 

Alderman, - ob. 1808. 

Beneath this stone are deposited the remains of 
MARGARET BURDON, 
Wife of Rowland Burdon, Esq. of Castle Eden, in the 
County of Durham, ob. Feb. 17, 1791 ;Etat 31.» 

Mr. John Death, once Alderman,f - - ob. 1590. 

Nathaniel Newham, - - - - ob. 1683. 

Mr. Daniel Caparne, - - - - ob. 1686. 

Anne Lloyd, - ob. 1707. 

Mrs. Catharine Wilmot, - ob. 1714. 
Mr. John, and Mr. James Metford, sons of 

James Metford, M. D. late of Becking. 

ham, in the County of Lincoln, ob. 1731 & 1732. 

* This Lady died on a Journey through Newark, 
thward. f 1582. 



214 THE CHURCH. 

Mr. Richard Powel, - ob. 1732. 

Elizabeth, wife of Mr. Daniel Caparne, - ob. 1734. 
Mr. Anne Powel, relict of Mr. John Powel, ob. 1741. 
Mr. John Herring, twice Mayor of Newark, ob. 1741. 
John Herring, jun. ----- ob. 1741. 
Mrs. Elizabeth Longbotham, relict of Thomas 

Longbotham, of Barnet, - ob. 1746. 

Anne, wife of James Wilcockson, - - ob. 1748. 

Mr. John Wood, ob. 1756. 

James, son of James Wilcockson, - - ob. 1759. 
Martha, wife Mr. John Herring, - * ob. 1759. 
Susannah Rawson, - - - - - ob. 1762. 
Richard Came, Esq. - - - - ob. 1762. 

Catharine Rawson, • -'•••- ob. 1763. 
Mrs. Alice Stowe, ----- ob. 1769. 
Barbara Gibson, ----- ob. 1770. 
Mrs. M.Sturtevant, relict of Leek Sturtevant, ob. 1771. 
Catharine Came, relict of Richard Came, Esq. ob. 1771. 
Mr. Thomas Jackson, Organist of this Church, ob. 1772. 

Sarah, wife of Newham, - - - ob. 1773. 

Samuel Cornwallis, - * - - ob. 1778. 

Catharine, relict of John Wood, - - ob. 1779. 

Mrs. Mary Cayborne, - - - - ob. 1789. 
Mary Cam, --..-- ob. 1790. 
Thomas Groves, Esq. - - - - ob. 1790. 
Catharine Clack, - - - - - ob. 1791. 
Anne Wilcockson, ----- ob. 179U 
Jane, the wife of George Lawrence, daughter 

of Francis Appleyard, of Beverley, Esq. ob. 1793. 
Mr. Thomas Haslam Parnel, - ob. 1794. 

Mary Beatniffe, - - - - - ob. 1795. 



THE CHURCH. 215 

Catharine H olden, her sister, - - - ob. 1795. 

John, son of Isaac Barber, - - - ob. 1798, 

Richard Rawson Cam, - - - - ob. 1801. 

Mr. George Lawrence, Alderman, - - ob. 1802. 

Christian, relict of Thomas Groves, - - ob. 1804. 

Arabella, wife of John Herring, jun. - ob. 1805. 

Arabella Ridghill, daughter of John and 

Arabella Ridghill, - - - ob. 1806. 

William Brydges, son of William and Lucy 

Brydges, ob. 1806. 

Frances Anne Brydges, daughter of ditto, ob. 1808. 

Thomas Hazledine, - - - - ob. 1812. 

On two very handsome mural Monuments. 

Sacred to the memory of 

MARGARET, the wife of Mr. Thomas Spragging, 

Who died on the 26th of October, 1803, aged 72 years. 

After enduring a long and painful illness with Christian 

Fortitude and Resignation. 

Also of Mrs. TOMAZIN TATTERSALL, her Mother, 
Who died on the 26th of December, 1786, aged 92 years* 

On the Chancel 

lie interred the remains of 

THOMAS SPRAGGING, Esq. 

Senior Alderman of this Borough, 

Who died 5th March, 1814, aged 82 years. 

This Monument 

k erected to perpetuate the memory of aa 

upright and benevolent man. 



I 

216 THE CHURCH. 

On a neat mural Monument. 

Sacred to the memory of 

WILLIAM TOMLINSON, Gent. 

Who died the 25th of June, 1807, aged 66. 

Also of six of his children (viz :) 

George, who died 5th January, 1796, aged 14. 

Charles, the 11th June, 1799, aged 5. 

James, William, Mary, and Elizabeth, in their infancy. 

Neat mural Monument. 

ALICE BRAY, 

died 5th July, 1814, aged 94 years, 

CROSS A ISLE. 
MONUMENTS. 

The first point of antiquity commemorates 

one of the great benefactors to the town of 

Newark, who will be more largely treated of 

hereafter. 

ALTAR TOMB. 

Hie jacet 

ROBERTUS BROWNE, Armiger, cS: AGNES uxor ejug. 

Nuper Aldermannus Gildae S. Trinitatis 

Hujus ecclesiae, 

Constabularius Castelli, 

Et principalis Senescallus libertatis hujus villa, 

Ac etiam Receptor tarn Toms Wolsy, Cardinalis Chort 



THE CHURCH. 217 

Quam Domini Johannis Longland's Episcope Lincoln : 

Praeterea Vice-Comes Com : Nottingham & Derby. 

Et insuper 

Custos Rotulorum tarn in Com : Nottingham : 

Quam in partibus de Kesteven in Com : Lincoln : 

Qui quidem Robertus 

Obiit 10 die mensis Dccembris, anno Dom : 1532. 

Cujus animae propitietur Deus. 

In a framed tablet on the wall adjoining, 

The Right Honorable Thomas, 

Lord Middleton, gave to the beautifying of this Church, 

100/. Anno Domini, 1713. 

Almost contiguous, in the mural style, with 
effigies attached. 

Near this place 

Lies interred the body of DANIEL CRAYLE, gent. 

Who, through the alone merits of his blessed Redeemer, 

Jesus Christ, waits for a joyfull resurrection at the last day. 

He departed this life on the fourth day of July, 

Anno Dom. 1727, 

In the sixty-first year of his age ; 

And was the son of 

Mr. Richard and Mrs. Jane Crayle, of this town, 

Who both lie interred near this place. 

FAMILY OF GIRTON. 

FRANCES, the wife of John Girton, 
Who died November 30th, 1752, Aged 39 years 

P 



218 THE CHURCH. 

SAMUEL HEATHCOTE GIRTON, their son, 

Died Nov. 27th, 1752, aged 7 days. 

Also, MARY, the wife of Captain John Girton, 

Died Nov. 26th, 1780. 

Also, Captain JOHN GIRTON, 

Died 19th of July, 1780, aged 65 years. 

PAVEMENT. 

On a very large marble slab, most profusely 
inlaid with brass, and in its centre the 
portraiture of an ecclesiastic, of some descrip- 
tion, in his sacerdotal habiliments, is a latin 
inscription, in part obliterated, and the stone 
now, nearly pewed over. The following 
portions remain tolerably legible on its margin. 

Hie jacet 

AL ANUS FLEMING qui obiit anno Domini 1373— 

in die sanctae Helenae. Cui anima per Dei misericordiam 

requiescat in pace. Amen. 

Credo quod Redemptor meus vivit et in novissimo die 

de terra surget bor pelle mea. 

In carne mea videbo Deum Salvatorem meum, quern 

visurus sum ego ipse, et oculi mei conspecturi sunt, et 

non alius. Reposita hie spes mea in somno meo. 

From the magnificence and peculiarity of 
the memorial, there cannot be a doubt but he 



THE CHURCH. 219 

was a person of consequence^ and there are 
ancient documents in the archives of the 
Corporation, which prove, a family of that 
name resided at Newark, but do not ascertain 
their particular station. Possibly Alan might 
be attached to some of the religious houses in 
Newark ; but this is merely conjecture, 

FAMILY OF PHILLIPOTT. 

Several slabs in this part of the Church are 
inscribed to the members of this house. 

Here under this stone lyeth buried 

The body of WILLIAM PHILLIPOTT, Marchant, 

and ELIZABETH his wyffe, 

Which William decessyed the VIII day of May, 

Anno. Dom. M.CCCCC.L VII. 

Whose dethe desyrying youe all to have in rememberans, 

Calling to God for mercy. 

On the same stone. 

The eight day of July, 1514, was buried the body of 
John Phillipott, Grandfather to this William PhilHpott. 

On a stone at the Vestry door. 

Hie jacet 
JOHANNES PHILLIPOTT, Junior, Draper, 

and Margareta, uxor ejus, qui quidem 
Johannes obiit 23 Augusti, Anno. Dom. 1519. 
Quorum animabus propitietur Deus. Amen. 

p2 



220 THE CHURCH. 

FAMILY OP HASLAM, 

Near this place lie 

WILLIAM HASLAM, who died 1597. 

ELIZABETH HASLAM, & ELEANOR HASLAM. 

THOMAS HASLAM, Alderman, four times Mayor, * 

ob. 1775, in the 83rd year of his age. 

FAMILY OF MILLNES. 

MARY, the wife of Mr. Thomas Millnes, 
Who died August 24th, 1723, aetat. 25. 
Also her son, Mr. JOHN MILLNES, 

Late Alderman of this Corporation, 

Who died August 30th, 1769, aetat. 49, 

Mors sola fatetur, 

Quantula sunt hominum corpuscula, 

Neque ulla est, aut magno, aut parvo, lethi fuga. 

FAMILY OF EASTLAND. 

Mr. Edward Eastland, ob. 1755. 

Eleanor, his wife, ob. 1766. 

Eleanor, their daughter, «...*... *.*..., ob. 1772. 
Mr. Richard Eastland, Alderman, ob. 1778. 

Peter Smith, Mayor* f ob. 1642. 

Garton, * ob. 1666. 

William Stell, ob. 168- . 

Mr. John Cole, ob. 1707. 

* 1736, 1749, 1762, and 1775, in the latter of which 
he laid the first stone of the Town Hall. 



f 1633, 



THE CHURCH. 221 

Thomas Summers, ob. 1708. 

Mrs. Jane Burnell, ob. 1714. 

Mr. John Cliff, , ob. 1722. 

Elizabeth, daughter of Mr, Roger") Vide 

Pocklington, VNave and ob. 1728. 

Mr. William Pocklington, J Vault ob. 1736. 

Edward Thorpe, . . ob. 1738. 

Mr. Benjamin Farnsworth, ob. 1738. 

Samuel Peete, ob. 1749. 

Mrs. Anne Bradley, ob. 1758. 

Catharine Doubleday, ob. 1767. 

Elizabeth Bucklow, ob. 1770. 

Sarah, daughter of Thomas Bland, ob. 1772. 

Elizabeth Kerr, ob. 1776. 

Mr. William Bradley, ob. 1776. 

Henry, son of Thomas Bland, ob. 1783. 



CHOIR. 
THE ALTAR. 

Is bounded on the north and south by two 
enclosures of most elegant Gothic workman- 
ship, one of these apartments is considerably 
larger than the other; both are much elevated 
from the floor of the aisle, the latter is thus 
described by Thoroton, 



222 TfHE CHURCH. 

a At the south east corner of the Quire 
there is a Chantry Chapel, and in it a Monu- 
ment of ... . Markham, over which there is 
an Arch of Free-stone and on the side of that, 

4£rate pro animator ftofcerti ft^atfifjam, 
%nrtiQtti & €Ii5afotf}e urorig eju& 

On the outside of it are several Arms 
coarsely cut, Markham impaling Merir/g, 
Bozome, Markham, &c." (this is now obli- 
terated.) 

An Altar tomb originally occupied this 
place, but has been, many years, removed ; 
and the sepulture possessed by the family of 
Herring as appears by the following inscrip- 
tions 5 — 

Richard Herring, gent ob. 1771. 

Arabella, relict of Richard Herring, ob. 1782. 

On two contiguous pannels, to the east, of 
this beautiful Gothic structure, are paintings, 
the one representing a person attired in gor- 
geous apparel, somewhat in the regal style, 



THE CHURCH. 223 

a head dress adorned with jewels and a large 
plume. The other describes a whole length 
skeleton, supposed to be intended for death, 
in the attitude of dancing, and bearing in his 
hand a red rose. He appears to be menacing 
or ridiculing his companion, and referring at 
the same time to the rose, byway of appeal. 

The precise occurrence typified under this 
flight of the pencil, cannot now be ascertained. 
That some event during the contest between 
the factions of York and Lancaster is here 
alluded to, is highly probable ; the red rose 
being the symbol of the latter. Sir John 
Markham, who raised this Chapel and tomb 
to the memory of his father Sir Robert, was a 
Captain in the battle of Stoke, near this place: 
and the king-like figure has been conjectured 
aburlesque upon Lambert Simnel the pretend- 
ed Earl of Warwick, at that place defeated 
and made prisoner. Sir John, as will here- 
after be shewn, was an eccentric character, 
and in the warmth of whim or gratitude, for 
royal clemency extended, might have thus 
allegorically indulged in both. 



224 THE CHURCH. 

On the east side, nearly at the external 
angle, and several feet from the floor are two 
small apertures almost contiguous, about an 
inch in width perhaps six inches in length, cut 
through the walling; what use they were 
appropriated to, is not definable. 

In the enclosure to the north, an Altar 
tomb now remains, which nearly takes up the 
whole space ; so that if this ever were a 
Chapel no one could, with justice, in this 
instance, declaim against clerical dimensions. 
Thoroton who has particularized the other, 
does not even notice this. The tomb is held 
to contain the remains of the before mentioned 
Sir John Markham, of whom the last named 
author speaks thus, under the article Cottam. 

" The family of Markham made this their 
principal seat, and were of great note. Sir 
John Markham was a Captain at &tOkt Field, 
Anno 1488, but as the Tradition goes, an 
unruly spirited man, and striving with the 

people of 25emngton in flincofae£p:e, about 

the Boundaries of their Lordships, which are 






THE CHURCH. 225 

contiguous, he killed some or other of them, 
(some have it that he hanged the Priest) for 
which, retiring, he lay hid at a place in 
XmCOlltt0t)tte, which the elder Sir John 
Marhham, his great Grandfather, had by his 
wife Elizabeth, the sister and co-heir of Hugh, 
and daughter of Sir John Cressey, of l^0t)£ul&, 
from thence called 4ttt$$p Hall* where, as 
saith my author Francis Marhham, it was his 
good fortune to entertain the Lady Margaret, 
mother to King Henry the seventh, who not 
only begged his pardon, but married her 
Kinswoman Anne, the daughter of Sir George 
Neville to his son." 

It has been insinuated that Sir John's 
concealment was in consequence of the ill will 
borne him by the reigning monarch in con- 
sequence of the attachment of his progenitors 
to the house of York, his grandfather having 
been chief justice to Edward the IV, but Sir 
John had, in person, made the amende honor- 



* In Thoroton's time this was the property of Sir Henry 
Heron. 



226 THE CHURCH. 

able for that mistake ; although Thoroton 
does not specify in aid of which party he bare 
arms at Stoke, yet Grafton in his continuation 
of Hardynge, has given, in a list of the 
numerous country gentlemen who joined 
Henry at Nottingham, previous to the engage- 
ment, the name of J hon Markham. Besides, 
the fact is sufficiently clear that, in a squabble, 
he either knocked some of the Benington 
folk on the head, or hanged the parson, most 
probably the latter, as a knight, in those days, 
would scarcely have absconded for the venial 
offence of murdering a common mortal. 

FAMILY OF ATKINSON. 

In the south west corner, a handsome 
mural monument, with an effigies, commemo- 
rates the virtues of the first of that house who 
appears to have been interred here. 

Memoriae aeternae 
Arce potiti lucida inter ordines 
Coelestium quietos THOMiE ATKINSONI, 
Sanguine qui cretus prisco Imagines 
Patrum sepwltas, secundis eruit 
Xiaboriuus, &recenti cingit Adorea. 



THE CHURCH. 227 

Amoribus nexus castis & fcedere 
Certo, tuetur pignora genialis tori 
Pariter avorum ipse, ac nepotum decus, 
Rerum aestimator prudens & recti tenax, 
Vtramque passus fortunam, stabilis & juris sui. 
Norunt Catervae obstantes perduelliuin 
(Piissimorum hominum impiissimum genus) 
Quid Marte posset, volantes si explicuerit 
Ignes, & Iras victricis dexterae. 
Lasti repetimus revocatum ordinem, 
Vindicias sceleris, & culpas exules, 
Nomen Novarce, & invidendas civium 
Vires, illo Custode, rerum & arbitro. 
Demptum dolemus, orbi hunc urbis patrem 
Subscribimus Statuae, hunc urbis Genium 
Obiit 10 Calend. Sextilis, anno a partu virgineo M.DCLXI. 
Materno LX. 

It is highly probable this was the person 
alluded to as malignant in the list of surrender 
in 1646. 

On a brass plate in the floor. 

Quod reliquum est ELIZABETHS fin® 

Robeti Atkinson, gent. & unius Aldermanorum hujus 

burgi, & Sarar uxorus ejus hie jacet deposit. A. D. 1675. 

On stones in the pavement. 

Mrs Sarah Atkinson, relict of Mr. Robert Atkinson, ob. 1713. 
Ann, eldest daughter of Robert & Mary Atkinson, ob. 1702. 



228 THE CHURCH. 

Mary Atkinson, relict of Mr. Robert Atkinson, 

departed this life April 15th, 1723, leaving one daughter, 

Mary, married to Alexander Holden of this town, esquire. 

In the north west corner, immediately 
opposite to the other, is a mural monument, 
with an effigies and the following inscription, 



Here lyeth e body of ROBART RAMSEY, esq, 
Servant to his mastie, 

Who died e 9 day of April, 1639. 
j 
This dvst is his, who past his yeares, 

As voyd of crymes, as now of feares, 

Trve to his God, and to his friend, 

Himself in neither, his own end. 

One of a chaste and constant life, 

An husband only, to his wife ; 

His actions svch, as if that hee 

Lived not to *th tyme, but memory j 

All manag'd still with that intent 

To make his name his Monvment. 

Ridiynge secvre, God, on the way, 

Spake from a clovd and bid him stay, 

His vertves kept that eqvall gvard 

He covld not be, calTd vnprepard. 

So well composed, still so advised 

That he, thovgh siez'd, was not svrprised. 

Thvs, good men are by no chance harm'd, 

Ready to yeild, bvt alwaies arm'd. 



THE CHURCH. 229 

This person, it is said was killed by light- 
ning. He has also been designated under the 
character of a renowned warrior ; but of that 
there is not any token upon his monument, 
being represented in a court dress with slashed 
sleeves, a flaccid dandy shirt collar, &c. 

On brass plates and stones in the floor. 

Hie jacet, 

ROBERTUS WHITCOUMBE, quondam Mercator villas 

Calasie Qui obiit iii November, 

Anno Dmi. M.CCCC.XL.VII. 

Hie jacet 

Majister JOHANNES BURTON, Doctor Sacrse 

Theologiae, quondam vicari us istius ecclesiae, qui obiit tertio 

die Februarii, A. D. 1475. 

Hie jacet 

JOHANNES SMITH, in fegibu* Baccalaurius, 

quondam vicarius de Newark, et vicariatus sui XV. I II I 

Prebendarius de Lynchester, ac Rector Kelbam, 

qui obiit 14 die mensis AuguUi, Anno Dmi. 1.021. 

Orate pro animabus S1MONIS BENTLEY, Capellani 
beati Nicola, & Domini STEPHANI BENTLEY, Capellani 
Sanctae Trinitatis fratrum quicscentium ; qui quidem 
Simon obiit 21 die Jun. A D. 1530. 



230 THE CHURCH. 

Here lyeth buried the bodye of ROBERT KIRKEBYE, 

the first Maister of the Song-School of this Towne of Newarke, 

in which rowme he was plast by Maister Thomas Magnus, 

the Founder thereof, and continued a worthy teacher 

therein the space of xlii years, who departed this life the 

19th of Mar. in the year of our Lord God 1573. 

And here lyeth also ELIZABETH his wife 

Who died before him the 17th Novemb. anno 1566, 

to whom God send a joyfull resurrection. 

Ann. Dmi. 1579, Mar. 17, aetat. 68, Here lyethe buried 

the body of Mr. WILLIAM LEVERET, Physician, 

thrice Alderman of this town,* who increased by the good 

help of the right hon. Hen. Earl of Rutland, his Patron, 

the Corporation of the same town. 

EDOVARDUS GREAVESUS, 

O raemorande mihi post nullos (Smythe) ministros ! 
Quam cito te (verbi gladeo) peccata prementem, 
Quam cito to (Domini recte sacra verba secantem,) 
Sasva falce sua mors importuna secavit ? 
Angelicam nisi certus eram te vivire vitum, 
Perpetuos tristi resonarem carmine luctus, 

GULIELMUS SMYTHUS obiit Pastor de Newark. 
O mihi (Gravese) satis duris spectate periclis, 
Mitte procor gemitus, lachrymas effundere mitte 
Nam mihi Mors lacrum, mihi Christus vita perennis, 
Corpus in hoc tumulo est, animam super aethera vexit 

* 1558, 1563, 1574. 



THE CHURCH. 231 

Rex, Deus omnipotens, Arx, Corus, Petra, Piorum : 
Det Deus Astriferum mecum te scandere ccelum. 
Obiit 2 Novemb. An. Dom. 1585, aetatis suae 36 
Edovardus Greausus quondam verbi Domini praeco in 

Ecclesia Novarcensi, 
Me quoque terra tegit tandem (suavissime Smythe) 
Ossa sub hoc tumulo recubant, super aethera fertur 
Spiritus, ut tecum ccelesti pace fruatur. 
Etque tibi fuerim sincero junctus amore 
Tam tibi vicimum placuit mihi (Smythe) sepulcrum. 
At mi Seele vale ne sim tibi causa doloris. 

JOHANNES SEELUS. 

Quis mihi fraBna dabit luctus compescere tantos 
Quantos quam Chari Mors dira ministrat amici ? 
Si quicquam posset pietas aut gratia vulgi, 
Mors nondum Greausum prostrasset funere tristi. 
At quia stelliferi voluit te Rector Olympi 
In ccelos tolli, non restat causa doloris 

Obiit Dec. 21, An. Dom. 1586, astatis suae 28. 

Here lieth the Body of ROBERT SMITH, Esq. 
Who departed this life Ap. 8, 1690. 

HENRICUS SMITH, 

Ver vere venerabilis, nuper hujus ecclesiae 

Eruditus perquam & fidelis Pastor 

Bridgefordiae pius Rector, nee non 

Ecclesiae Collegiatae de Southwell 

Prebendarius dignissimus, 

Ille tandem 



232 



THE CHURCH, 



Annis & operibus bonus abundans 

A laboribus hie requiescit. 

Cal. 18 Maii Anno Salutis J 702, Mtat i 86. 

Here lyeth the body of LENOX, the wife of 
Mr. Richard Snell. She was one of the daughters of 

Mr. John Bolt, of Boston, in Lincolnshire, 

She resigned her soul to God the twenty-second Day of 

November, Anno Domini 1706. 

SARAH, daughter of Mr. Richard Snell, 
Buried December 24th, 1706. 



Here lye the remains of BERNARD WILSON, Sen. 

Who lived with a sense of Religion unfeigned, 

And with a Character for Integrity unblemished, 

But died March 31st, 1748, aged 84, 

Not with a Confidence in his own Merits, 

But in the all-sufficient Merits of Jesus Christ. 

NAVE. 






Here lyeth the body of Mr. ROGER POCKLINGTON, jun. 

Son of Mr. Roger PocKLtNGTON, sen. 

Who died Feb. 22d, 1730, aetat. 29. 

Here lyeth the body of Mr. ROGER POCKLINGTON, 

Who died July 13, 1737, aetat. 53. 

Here lyeth Mrs. Mildred Pocklington, 

Who died Jan. 20, 1738, aetat. 72. 

Also the body of Mrs. SARAH LAWSON, 

Who died Feb. 1, 1738, aetat. 66. 

Here lyeth Mary, the wife of Mr. JOSEPH POCKLINGTON 
Who died Oct 11, 1750, aetat. 70. 



THE CHURCH. 233 

THE VAULT. 

Within the railing of the Altar is a trap- 
door, covering a flight of steps which lead 
into a small subterranean apartment, twenty 
two feet one inch in length and nineteen feet 
eight inches in width, appropriated as a place 
of sepulture to the higher orders of the place. 
It contains the remains of the following persons. 

The skeletons of two bodies enclosed in lead, 
and soldered up ; not any outer shell or inner 
coffin, as the rib bones are visible through the 
fractures. The bodies appear to have been 
wrapped in a kind of cere cloth, which now in 
colour resembles a scorched rag. Moisture is 
still remaining, but from what cause is doubt- 
ful. Tradition is silent as to identity : a Baron 
Done is recorded to have been slain near 
Newark, in the civil wars and buried in the 
vault. 

Obiit. yEtat. 

Mrs. Anne Taylor, - - Nov. 12, 1757, 58. 

Mrs. Jane Stowe, - Jan. 14, 1769, — . 

Rev. Bernard Wilson, D. D. - - April 30, 1772, 83. 
Elizabeth his wife, - - - June 13, 1772, 72. 



July 26, 


1784, 


24. 


July 4, 


1786, 


60. 


Feb. 13, 


1788, 


*• 


Nov. 19, 


1796, 


22. 


Jan. 29, 


1798, 


24. 


Mar. 30, 


1799, 


77. 


Sep. 12, 


1802, 


58. 


June 5, 


1803, 


88. 


Mar. 8, 


1809, 


70. 



234 THE CHURCH. 

Obiit. JEtnt. 

Captain Handyside Chartres, - - June 20, 1775, 63. 
Miss Catharine Gordon, - - Oct. 24, 1776, 31. 

Sir Samuel Gordon, Bart. - - April 23, 1780, 75. 
Caroline, wife of Captain Chartres, Sept. 19, 1780, 61. 
Peter Warren, Esq.- 
Mrs. Elizabeth Bradford, 
Mrs. Anne Hynde, 
Mrs. Frances Fisher, 
Mrs. Mary Norton, 
Mrs. Gordon, - 

Miss Elizabeth Gordon, - 
Mrs. Elizabeth Pocklington, - 

Mrs. Mary Pocklington, her daughter, Mar. 8, 1809, 
Fredrica, infant daughter of Mr. 

Thomas Bland, Alderman, - Sep. 13, 1814, 18 M. 
Edward Godfrey, infant son of Rev. 

William Bartlett, Vicar, - Sep. 23, 1814, 3 W. 

Mrs. PriscillaWareon, - - Mar. 9,1815, 81 Y. 

Joseph Pocklington, Esq. - - May 31, 1817, 81. 



THE ORGAN. 

The old instrument, which long exhibited 
a miserable burlesque upon harmony, was 
situated where the new one now stands. In 
the year 1804, a very handsome, well toned 
Organ, built by England, was placed at the 



THE CHURCH. 235 

west end of the Church, as before observed. 
And in 1814, it was re-erected over the en- 
trance of the Choir, where it at present 
remains. At the same time a cast-iron skreen 
in the Gothic style was raised, as an accom- 
paniment to the ornamental part of the Choir, 
surmounting the stalls. This truly elegant 
piece of art was manufactured in the town of 
Newark, at the foundery of Messrs. Wilson 
and Midworth, and reflects infinite credit on 
both the projector and artisan. 

BELLS. 

In the tower are eight Bells bearing the 
following inscriptions : — 

Weight. 
c. q. l. o. 
1st. Ex dono Hon. Brigadier Sutton, A. R. 

1713, 7 10 

2nd. Ditto, - 7 26 

3rd. Pack and Chapman, London, fecit 1775, 
4th. Brave Sutton rais'd us to declare 

The joys of Peace, the end of War. - 10 1 
5th. If Sutton's praises we could speak, 

Much sweeter Echoes we should make. 13 3 110 

q2 



236 THE CHURCH. 

Weight. 

C. Q. L. O. 

6 th. Whilst here we're loud in Sutton's fame, 
What place rings not, of his bright name. 

Ely Stansaeld, Vicar, 1713. 15 1 11 10 

7th. Arma virumq. Cano.* 

Richard Read, Richard Hawding, Church- 
wardens, 
Abraham Rudhall, of Gloucester, cast us 

all, Anno Domini. 1713. - 20 1 7 7 

8th. Multi cum fuimus nos resonare fecit, 
Honor lis Brigadier Sutton, 1713. 
Solomon Bettinson, Mayor, Joseph 

Marris, Church-warden. - 28 1 7 7 

ALTAR PIECE fy COMMUNION PLATE. 

Neither the donor or artist of the former 
are on record, nor is it much to be regretted, 
as the piece is a miserable production and 
totally unworthy of the situation it occupies. 

Lady Frances Leake, in the year 1705, 
presented for the use of the Altar ; 

One large Paten, or dish for the Bread, 22 inches in diameter. 
Two large Flagons, each 15 J inches in height and 5 J inches 
in diameter. Four less ones. 

* This is, perhaps, the most out of time Crotchet record- 
ed in the history of singing* 



THE CHURCH. 237 

Two large Cups, each 12 inches in height and 5§ inches in 

diameter. 
Two Bread Plates. 
Two Candlesticks, each 20 inches in height, and 9 inches 

on the bottom square. 

Robert Palmer, Clerk, and Susanna Anfield, 
jointly gave above sixty years since, two pieces 
of plate in the form of ladles for the purpose 
of collecting the alms. 

Richard Jackson and Robert Beck, a small 
salver. 

The whole of the articles are of massy silver. 

ACT OF SACRILEGE. 

About 40 years since three villains con- 
certed a plan to plunder the Church of New- 
ark, of its valuable deposits. One of them 
by attending a funeral, found the means of 
secreting himself amongst the pews and re- 
mained after the ceremony was ended for the 
purpose of introducing his companions in the 
dead of the night. This he effected, and by 
the help of some powerful engine they forced 



238 THE CHURCH. 

open an amazingly strong iron chest, in which 
the communion plate was placed for security. 
They also penetrated the case of another chest 
of the same metal which contained the title 
deeds of the estates belonging to the town, 
and in which the Trustees kept the monies 
arising therefrom ; but the inner receptacle 
baffled every effortof their diabolical apparatus. 
Cash appeared to have been their principal 
object, as the communion plate was left un- 
molested. All the booty the robbers obtained 
by this atrocious act was an inconsiderable 
sum of money which at that time was lodged 
in the Poor's Box. One of the offenders, 
whom it appeared afterward had broken out 
of Newgate the night previous to the sacrilege, 
was transported from the following Assize, for 
robbing a house at Nottingham. 






THE CHURCH. 

LIST OF 

THE VICARS OF NEWARK. 



239 



Walter de Coddington 3 


, 1301. 


Robert Chapman, 


154- . 


William de Lincoln, 


1320. 


Christopher Sugden, 


1550. 


Francis Roscelin, 


1322. 


Nicholas Clayton, 


1573. 


John de Leverton, 


1333. 


William Smyth, 


1581. 


Thomas de Sikleston, 


1349. 


Lawrence Staunton, 


158- . 


Thomas de Westburgh 


, 1359. 


Edward Holden, 


1588. 


Roger de Leverton, 


1361. 


William Pell, 


1596, 


William de Vesse, 


1367. 


Bryan Vincent, 


1597. 


Roger de Leverton, 


1371. 


Joseph Beck, 


1601. 


John de Seggefield, 


1375. 


Simon Jacks, 


1612. 


John Sharp, 


1378. 


Edward Mason, 


1617. 


John Mare, 


1421. 


Samuel Keemel, 


1628. 


Thomas Marshe, 


1423. 


Thomas White, 


16—. 


Robert Crossland, 


1425. 


Richard Pearson, 


1666. 


Nicholas Feriby, 


1425. 


Henry Smith, 


1668. 


John Buxton, 


1445. 


Ely Stansfield, 


1702. 


Nicholas Langton, 


1475. 


Bernard Wilson, 


1719. 


John Tristrop, 


1477. 


Hugh Wade, 


1772. 


John Smyth, 


1479. 


Charles Fynes, 


1776. 


Edward Fowke, 


1521. 


Davies Pennell, 


1788. 


Sampson Lorde, 


152-. 


William Bartlett, 


1814. 


H enry Leatherhead, 


1532. 


the present Incumbent. 



The Prior of St. Catharine's, Line: ex- 
ercised the right of presentation from 1301 to 
1371, inclusively, at which time the value was 



240 TH$ CHURCH. 

£ 18. The Archbishop of York presented 
John de Seggefield, in 1375, and his successors 
until the nomination of Christopher Sugden, 
by Edward the VI, in 1550, since which the 
Vicarage has been invariably in the gift of the 
Crown. 

Value in the King's book £2\. 5s, 2d, yearly. 
The Church is dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene. 

CHURCH-WARDENS, 

The office of Church- ward en at Newark 
is a function of considerable importance, great 
authority in the disposal of the proceeds of the 
Charity Estates, being by the Deeds and Wills 
of the several Benefactors, vested in that body. 
Their number is four, one appointed by the 
Vicar, anciently stiled the principal Church- 
warden, and the three others elected by the 
Parishioners at large. The day of election is 
Easter Tuesday. Some years since, when the 
spirit of party raged violently in the town, 
these contests were carried on with the utmost 
virulence, and the usual means largely resorted 



THE CHURCH. 241 

to. The successful candidates were generally 
returned secundem artem. 

The present Church-wardens. 

Mr. William Smithy Confectioner, 

Mr. William Smith, Grocer. 

Mr. Robert Wilkinson, Saddler. 

Mr. Robert Gibson, Grocer. 

Parish Clerk, Mr. Thomas Caparn. 
Sexton, Mr. John Corby. 

On Magnus' Foundation. 

Organist, Mr. William Brydges. 

Singing Men, Mr. Thomas Bugg, & Mr. Samuel Brown. 

Singing Boys, 
William Brown, William Brown, 

William Clark, Edward Ellis, 

John Hibbert, George Proctor. 

THE LIBRARY, 

Is situated over the south porch, and con- 
tains a large collection of valuable books, 
bequeathed by White, Bishop of Peterborough, 
and sundry other persons. The volumes are 
chiefly Theological, and not very modern. 




242 THE CHURCH. 

DECORATED WINDOWS. 



The great window in the south transept 
seems to have been the gift of William Philli- 
pott, wherein were emblazoned the Arms of 
England and France, and also those of Deyn- 
court. 

Thoroton records the following inscription, 
" at the bottom of the great south window of 
the Cross He : — 

<®rate pro tiono gtatu IMMmi Pjelppot, 
& Sl^ratc ujeotte eju£ & omnium.... 
gotoum . . . .& fienetactomm . . • nunciatorig 
Beat, a^arie fcirgini£ qui i£tam fene^tram 
fieri taunt. Sfinno SDomini 2®. €€€€€. 
tticegimo nono. 

In the great window of the north transept, 
are the arms of Cromwell, Tateshal, Rempston, 
Chaworth, Caltoft, Plump ton, Folejambe, 
Bozome, Leek of Kirton, Barry of Torlaston, 
Harthill; and others. 



THE CHURCH. 243 

Also from the same author, " In another 
window, which Thomas Mering, and Mary 
his wife caused to be made, were the Arms of 
Mering, Nevill, Leek, Babington, &c. 

Sir Thomas Brough, Knight, built another 
window which was adorned with the bearings 
of Burgh, Lord Ros, Badlesmere, and Lord 
Fitz-Hugh. 

In another window were the Arms of 
Pierpont, Maun vers, Heritz, and Fitz-William. 

At the bottom of the great east window, — ? 

. . . .€fjom* &£mng, & <£It$afi0t, ujc. ejug 
Jjanc fenegttam fieri caugatoerunt....$?. 
CCCC : - •••S^iitto^ 

Were the interior of this fabric divested of 
its ill adapted galleries and multiplied trans- 
verse obstructions the expectation raised by a 
view of its exterior would be gratified to a 
pleasing degree. The arcades are expansively 
lofty and the sweeps of the arches eminently 



244 the church. 

elegant ; the shafts of the columns are not 
clustered but, consist of, what is rarely to be 
found, the ovolo and cavetto with separating 
fillet introduced alternately. 

The junction of the ancient and modern 
columns in the Belfry presents an enormous 
mass of durable workmanship. Over the 
lower arcades are corresponding ones, into 
which ramified windows are introduced. 
Many portions of the antique oaken ceiling 
still remain, they are divided into compart- 
ments lozenge-wise and each centre is enriched 
with a flower : as the ancient parts have fallen 
into decay it has been judged expedient to 
replace them by a finishing in stucco, still 
however adhering to the original design ; but 
the reverence inspiring sombriety of the re- 
mains forms a striking and eye-distressing 
contrast to the glare of the improvement. 
The stalls and ancient seats in the Choir are 
in excellent preservation, and the view from 
the communion westward, though upon a 
diminutive scale, is strikingly elegant. The 
portion allotted for the administering the 



THE CHURCH. 245 

eucharist appears very scanty, and the trap 
door in one of its angles an object creative of 
extreme disgust. There is little doubt but 
the Altar was, originally, placed at the eastern 
extremity of the Choir, an elevated platform 
of one step in height, extending from the 
window to the first columns westward being 
in memory. It is not unlikely, but that by 
dint of local preponderance, one of the family 
of Markham sacrificed the interior beauty of 
this edifice to the gratification of ostentation, 
vanity, or perhaps malignity, for the most 
venemous spite could not have suggested a 
more violent outrage against accommodating 
conveniency than the erection of those monu- 
ments in their present situation, twenty three 
feet in width are thereby cut off from the 
Choir and rendered useless, excepting for the 
purpose of sepulture. 

When that violent inveteracy which the 
parliamentarians entertained against the 
Hierarchy, and the pertinacious obstinacy 
with which Newark was defended against 
their troops, are brought into consideration, 



246 THE CHURCH. 

it is really wonderful that the Church of New- 
ark exhibits so comparatively few tokens of 
fanatic violence. Many statues may have 
been removed, but mutilation, which is a 
higher degree of contempt, has but in few 
instances taken place. Southwell, a part of 
whose inhabitants, went so far, as to send a 
deputation to the Governor of Nottingham, 
requesting him to detach a body of troops to 
prevent the town being garrisoned by the 
royalists, had the greater part of its venerable 
Collegiate doomed to destruction.* There 
seems to be a feature of left-handed justice 
exhibited in these instances, some private 
reasons must have operated to the prejudice 
of the latter place, which cannot now be 
developed ; although a tolerable guess may be 
hazarded as to the actual state of the town 
at that period, for the motto of Southwell 
is semper-eadem. 

There is not, perhaps, a situation in the 
kingdom where the inhabitants have a fairer 

• Vid. History of Southwell, P. 273. 






THE CHURCH. 247 

opportunity of attending divine worship under 
more accommodating circumstances than at 
Newark. The Church is in the Cathedral 
style consisting of nave, transepts, side aisles 
and choir, lofty somewhat to a fault, and yet 
the room is disposed of in so immathematical 
a manner, that one third of the parishioners are 
unavoidably excluded. The granting of per- 
mission for the erection of a pew is lodged 
solely with the Vicar; but when built, it 
becomes the freehold property of the grantee : 
in some instances a pew has been sold for 
^70. 

It is highly to be lamented that the spirit 
of refinement for which the inhabitants of 
Newark are so justly celebrated, does not by 
one simultaneous effort sweep away the whole 
existing mass of heterogeneous deformity, 
diffuse systematic order throughout the rege- 
nerated space, restore to Gothic grandeur its 
primeval lustre, and, as in externals the 
Church of Newark is confessedly the pride of 
the county, so would then, its internal appear- 
ance be its envy. 



248 THE CHURCH. 

In the summer of 1818, the Vicarage house, 
situated about fifty yards north from the choir 
door was taken down, and its site together 
with the appurtenances, extending to Parson's- 
mount, attached to the Church-yard, this is a 
very great improvement, as the burial ground 
had become extremely crouded. The present 
residence allotted to the Vicar is in Appleton- 
gate, nearly opposite to the great east window 
of the Church. This property was many 
vears in the familv of Martin, from whence it 
devolved to the late Richard Forster, Esq. of 
whose Executors it was purchased for the 
present purpose. 

At the same period the upper part of the 
spire, to the extent of 15 feet, being deemed 
in a ruinous and consequently dangerous state, 
the courses of stones, constituting the dilapidat- 
ed portion were carefully lowered to the ground, 
a firm basis acquired, and the elegant pyramid 
re-constructed, under the direction of Messrs. 
Wallis and Marshall, Masons, in a manner 
which seems to bid defiance to further con- 
cussion. 



249 



KNIGHTS TEMPLAR'S, HOSPITAL. 

According to Tanner, this was in possession 
of that order previous to the yeaf 1185, (31 
H. IL) Its situation is supposed to have been 
on the north side of Stodman-street, as a 
Chapel was standing behind the site of Her- 
cules Clay's house, in tolerable preservation 
some years since. Tradition attributes the 
destruction of the principal part of this build- 
ing to the fire of the besiegers in the civil wars. 
The remains were gradually converted into 
appendages to the neighbouring dwelling 
houses : its last vestige was removed in the 
summer of 1818. The plumbing shop of Mr. 
William Lang, once constituted a part of the 
Chapel. 



R 



250 



THE FRIARY. 

Thoroton says " Here was also a certain 
great House of Friars of the Order of St. 
Augustine^ which was granted from the Crown 
35 H. VIII. (1544) to Richard Andrews and 
Nicholas Temple s and their heirs. Sir John 
Markham had it, and since, it was Sir Francis 
Leek's dwelling house and also the Lord 
Deyncourt his son's ; but his son the present 
Earl of J>tat££)afe sold it lately to Sir Matthew 
Jenison the present owner." Thoroton's 
History was published in 1677- From Mr. 
Jenison it passed to Sir Thomas Willoughby, 
the first Baron Middleton, in whose family it 
still continues. The premises are extensive 
and encompassed by a wall. The house, now 
in good repair, is situated at the north west 
extremity of Appleton-gate. The Reverend 
William Rastall, being the present occupier. 



251 



OBSERVANT FRIARS, 

OR THE 

GHAUNTRY. 

Resuming Thoroton, " Next it, southward, 
stands another great House called the Chauntry 
in which dwelt William Leek, half brother to 
the said Lord Deyncourt, and Father of Sir 
Frances Leek, who made it also his principal 
residence/' From the Leek's it passed, by the 
marriage of the heiress of this branch, with 
William Snell, Mayor of Newark, in 1701, 
into his family. On the death of Mrs. Snell, 
this old religious house was purchased by 
Samuel Forster, of Woodbough, Esq. some- 
what related to the last proprietor and through 
him, descended to his son Robert Forster. This 
gentleman very greatly improved and embel- 
lished the house, in fact the two generations 

11 2 



252 CHAUNTRY. 

of this name had bestowed a completely new 
aspect on the venerable edifice, very few, if 
any of the ancient buildings now remain, 
excepting, perhaps, some foundations. 

In the year 1783, Robert Forster conveyed 
the premises to Joseph Sikes, Esq. an Alder- 
man of the Corporation, whose son the Rev. 
Joseph Sikes, the present possessor, has, by 
ruralizing them to the north, stocking the 
spacious paddock with deer, and introducing 
numerous elegant picturesque devices, render- 
ed it a most enviable and delightful habitation. 



253 

INTENDED CONVENT. 

Within memory, a long stone building in 
the Chapel style, was standing near the road 
connecting Northgate and Appletongate, and 
about mid-way between the two streets. 
In the west end was a large Gothic window 5 
not any record is extant, as to its having been 
used as a place of public worship ; though its 
contiguity to the before mentioned religious 
houses, seems to indicate affinity to them. 

In a codicil to the Will of Henry VII. 
appears the following Item. 

" To the convent that by his socour and 
ayde teas newly begon in the towne of Netvark* 
com. Notthigh. 2$c. As all the foundations 
of this description were dissolved in the 
succeeding reign, and this edifice having been 
only " newly begun" it was, probably, never 
finished; and the conjecture is not unreason- 
able in fixing upon this place as its site. 

* The term Newark upon Trent, was not in use at this era. 



254 



BEAUMOND CROSS. 



At the intersection of Cartergate by the 
street formerly called Potterdike, stands, on 
an ascent of ill proportioned, heavy steps, a 
remarkably light shaft, of the latest species of 
Gothic Architecture. This erection has been 
erroneously classed with the Crosses, built in 
commemoration of Queen Eleanor the beloved 
consort of Edward L* who died on the 2Sth 

* A reciprocal affection appears to have existed between 
this royal pair during the whole course of their union, which 
continued thirty- six years. Whilst Edward was Prince of 
Wales, Eleanor, in the prime of youth, forsook the alluring 
gaieties of a court, to accompany her husband in his expe- 
dition to Palestine, where, on his being dangerously wound- 
ed in the arm, by one Amzazem, a desperate Saracen, with 
a poisoned dagger, she is said to have preserved his life by 
sucking out the venom from the wound. Some modern au- 
thors have squeamishly rejected this account, yet, as Sir 
Richard Baker emphatically exclaims on the occasion, " It 
is no wonder that love should do wonders, which is in itself 



BEAUMOND CROSS. 255 

of November, 1291, at the house of Richard 
de Weston, Hardeby, 6 miles from Lincoln, 
being then on a journey into Scotland with 
the King. On each place where the carriage 
which conveyed the body rested, in the way 
to London, was erected a stone Cross of the 
most exquisite workmanship of the time, 
namely at Lincoln, Grantham, Stamford, Ged- 
dington, Northampton, Stony Stratford, Dun- 
stable, St. Albans, Waltham, and Charing. 
If the circumstance of Newark not being 
mentioned in the above stations, were out of 
the question, the mode of execution stamps a 
decisive negative on the assertion. 

The author of the Modern History of 
Newark, very properly rejecting this hypo- 
thesis, has endeavoured to establish one, 
perhaps, even less tenable, he proceeds — 



a wonder." Be it, however, as it may, these last tokens of 
Edward's esteem, do him infinitely more honour as a Man 
than all his blood-stained laurels, as a King. The Cros? 
at Northampton still remains, and considering its exposed 
situation, is in an excellent state. 



256 



BEAUMOND CROSS. 



" A more probable conjecture concerning 
the origin, arises out of events in a subsequent 
reign, to which the size, situation and style of 
this cross are much more appropriate, than to 
the commemoration of our first Edward's 
Queen. The battle of Towton, the last between 
the houses of York and Lancaster, the issue of 
which placed King Edward IV. on the throne 
of England, has been too often celebrated to 
require a repetition here. It is enough to say 
that more than one hundred thousand men 
were engaged in it, and that thirty-six thousand 
were slain, among whom were many of the 
first nobility. Of this rank we may reckon 
the Earls of Northumberland and Westmore- 
land, and the Lords Gray, Scales, D'acres, 
Wells and Beaumont. For this last mentioned 
nobleman I conjecture this Cross to have been 
erected : and the opinion seems to be support- 
ed, not less by the natural probability of the 
thing, than by particular facts, and local tradi- 
tion. Doctor Stukely says, " the tradition of 
the place is, that this Cross was built by the 
Puchess of Norfolk," but without any mention 



BEAUMOND CROSS. 257 

of the person for whom it was intended, or 
any other reason for its being* erected." 

" Now it appears that this very John Lord 
Beaumont did marry to his second wife a 
Duchess of Norfolk, his first being Elizabeth 
the daughter and sole heiress of the Lord 
Bardolph, by whom his issue was William 
Lord Beaumont. The burying place of this 
family was Dunnington, in the County of 
Suffolk, the road, to which from Towton, in 
the west riding of Yorkshire, must necessarily 
be through Newark." 

It is certain that Thoroton, in his genealo- 
gical table, under the article Stoke Bardolph, 
states that John Viscount Beaumont had to 
his second wife Katharine Duchess of Norfolk, 
and that his son William Beaumont was 
attainted by Parliament the 4th of November, 
1461, (1 Ed. IV.) the consequent effect of the 
battle of Towton which was fought on the 
preceding Palm Sunday.* 

* This action took place in an open field between Towton 
and Saxton, about two miles from Tadcaster. Before its 



258 BEAUMOND CROSS. 

There seems to be some error attached to 
this insertion of the Duchess of Norfolk, in the 
pedigree; the title, at the time of Towton 
fight was enjoyed by the family of Mowbray, 
and there does not appear, according to Collins, 
and others, to have been any Duchess of that 
name near to the period assigned.* It is highly 

commencement, Edward made proclamation that all who 
were afraid to fight, should at their pleasure depart ; but to 
those that would stay he promised good reward : adding, 
that if any who remained should attempt to flee, whosoever 
killed him should have double pay. And, by a second 
proclamation, no quarter was to be given or received. Not 
any prisoner was taken but the Earl of Devonshire, and he 
was almost instantly beheaded. 



* In order to clear up this point, it is necessary to refer 
to the ancient title of Norfolk. Edward the third, eight 
years after the death of his consort Eleanor, married 
Margaret the daughter of Philip the Hardy, King of France. 
By her he had issue two sons and daughter, the eldest of 
whom, Thomas de Brotherton, from the place of his birth, 
a small village 3 miles from Pontefract, in Yorkshire. The 
young Queen, then only 19, being on a hunting party, 
June 1st, 1300, was seized with travail and immediately 
conveyed to the nearest dwelling, it was situated near the 
church, and the place is now surrounded by a wall and 
trench. This Thomas, on the extinction of the Bigod 



BEAUMOND CROSS. 



259 



probable, from the termination of this most 
sanguinary conflict, that the body of Lord 
Beaumont was buried in the field of battle, 
for as he was of the defeated party, it would 
have been highly dangerous to have attempted 
crossing the kingdom with his remains, con- 
sidering the infuriated and ferocious state of 
mind the triumphant party then displayed. 

family, was created Earl of Norfolk ; his issue being two 
daughters the title again became dormant. Margaret, the 
eldest married John, Lord Segrave, whose daughter Eliza- 
beth became the wife of John, Lord Mowbray : his son 
Thomas was created Duke of Norfolk by Richard II. ; he 
had a daughter named Margaret, married to Sir Robert 
Howard, who dying before his father Sir John, left issue 
a son John, who at the battle of Towton, where Lord 
Beaumont lost his life, was titular Duke of Norfolk, and 
appointed to lead the van of Edward's army, but prevented 
by sickness. On the 28th of June 1483, he was created 
Duke of Norfolk by Richard III. and lost his life at Bos- 
worth field, August 22nd, 1465. His first wife was Catharine, 
daughter to Lord Molins, by whom he had Thomas his 
successor, after her death he married Margaret, daughter 
of Sir John Chetworth, by whom he had issue a daughter 
Catharine married to John Bourchier, Lord Berners. It is 
obvious, from this statement, that John, Lord Beaumont, 
slain at Towton, could not have had to wife Catharine, 
Duchess of Norfolk. 



260 



BEAUMOND CROSS. 



Had the Cross possessed any thing symbolic 
of so tragical an event, any funereal token 
whatsoever, or could it easily be conceived, 
admitting the fact, why such a memento should 
be raised at Newark only — at a place where 
neither the Mowbrays nor the Beaumonts had 
any interest, somewhat might be conceded to 
tradition; but this pillar, by its extreme light- 
ness and the delicacy of its Architecture, seems 
rather adapted to a festive than a serious 
occasion. It is not hazarding much to assert, 
that this column was not standing in Newark 
at the time Henry VII. passed through that 
place with his victorious army after the battle 
of Stoke ; for, although Lord Beaumont lost 
his life in the cause of Lancaster, yet, his 
daughter Jane married John, Lord Lovell, the 
father of that Lovell who appeared there in 
arms against him, and who was supposed to 
have perished in crossing the Trent after the 
defeat. This object, the first, in any- wise 
striking, on entering the town, must have been 
peculiarly grating to his jealous disposition ; 
the loyalty of the grandfather would instantly 
have vanished at the treason of his descendant^ 



BEAUMOND CROSS. 261 

avarice and liberality of sentiment must for 
ever be at variance : Henry never remembered 
the past — but to rob or revenge, and in that 
ferment of blood, heated by the flush of con- 
quest, demolition would have been its unavoid- 
able portion. 

As to the natural probability of the thing, 
one conjecture, in the absence of demonstra- 
tion, is nearly equal in authority to another ; 
and, as the trifling incident of opening a 
Banking-house in Potterdike was the cause of 
its being metamorphosed into Lombard-street 3 
so might a few flashy inhabitants of this part, 
stiling themselves the Beau 3£onde, in a fit of 
puerile ostentation, and at little expense, erect 
this elegant morceau in commemoration of 
their taste. 

It appears in a Schedule of Brown's pro- 
perty, who died in the year 1532, (24 H. 
that VIII.) this quarter of the town was called 
Beamond. 



262 BEAUMOND CROSS. 

On two sides of the die of the pedestal are 
borne, engraven on brass plates, the following 
inscriptions ; — 



Repaired and ornamented 1778, at the expense of 
Charles Mellish, esquire, Recorder. 

This Cross erected in the reign of Edward the IV., 
Was repaired and beautified from the Town Estates, 
A. D. MDCCCI. 






The beautifying, above mentioned, was 
effected by loading its elegant termination 
with a ponderous stone for the purpose of 
erecting a Vane : but a real improvement 
was achieved through inclosing the whole 
with iron palisades. 






263 



ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL, 



Between the years 1123 and 1147, Alex- 
ander bishop of Lincoln is said to have founded 
the Hospital dedicated to St. Leonard,* what 
were its original endowments, or where the 
exact place of situation cannot, at this period, 
be ascertained. 

On the 14th of June 1350, (23 Ed. III.) a 
licence was dated at Nettleham, from John 

* Leo?iard\\as born in France, and instructed in divinity 
under Remigius, Bishop of Rheims. He obtained of King 
Chodoveus a favor, that all prisoners whom he went to see, 
should be set at liberty. And therefore, whenever he heard 
of any persons, being prisoners for the sake of religion, or 
other good cause, he procured their freedom. He died 
in the year 500, and has always been implored by prisoners 
as their Saint. Vid. Audley. 

Query. Was it after Alexander had, himself, tasted 
the bitter fruit of incarceration, that he erected this 
foundation ? 



264 ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL. 

Synwell, bishop of Lincoln, to Thomas de 
Sibthorpe, parson of Beckingham, of one mes- 
suage in Middlegate, Nkwark, held of the 
said bishop, as of the Hospital of St. Leonard 
extra Northgate, unto Robert de Aryngton, 
Robert Leef, and Robert de Stokum, per- 
petual chauntry priests, in the Church of 
Newarke, to pray for the souls of William 
Sancimer, and Matilda his wife," and Master 
William de Glenham, and also for the souls 
of the said Thomas de Sibthorpe, and Isabella 
Durant. This was to be for the habitation of 
the said priests, non obstante Mortmain Act, 
saving to the Hospital ot St. Leonard, the ac- 
customed rent and services. 

This grant of the before mentioned premi- 
ses, for the purposes specified, was confirmed 
on the feast of St. Bartholomew following, in 

the presence of 

Thomas Adam, Constable of the Castle of Newark, 
Alan Fleming,* Robert de Caldwell, 

Johan de Staunton, Johan Grym. 

* This Alan Fleming lies buried in the cross aisle, under 
a date of 1373, which was 70 years after the consecration of 
the old Church; if not any removal had taken place, this 
part also must have been a portion of it. 



i 



ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL. 265 

This foundation was further confirmed by 
Philip de Repingdon, Bishop of Lincoln, from 
1405 (6 Hen, IV.) to 1420 (7 Hen. V.) In the 
6th of Henry VIII. (1515) it consisted of a 
Master^ one Chaplain, and three poor persons. 
The valuation then stood at ^27. 13s. A\d. 
per annum. 

Thoroton, treating of Newark, says "This 
place was usually divided into the Borough of 
Neivark, and Northgate, at the further end 
whereof, from the town, stood a fair house 
belonging to the Hospital of St. Leonard of 
Stoke * commonly called the Spittle, which 
Sir Robert Constable had, by lease ; the in- 
terest whereof his son Henry Constable had, 
and from him it came to William Cecil, Esq, 
late Earl of Exeter, who built a goodly house 
there, which, after his decease, was, by Act 

* It is remarkable that Thoroton, who lived at so short 
a distance from Newark as Car Colston should commit such 
an error. There was an Hospital at Stoke dedicated to the 
same Saint ; but not, in the least connected with that now 
treated upon. 

8 



266 ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL. 

of Parliament, (17 Ch. I.) 1642* exchanged 
from the Hospital for lands of better value, and 
estated upon his widow Elizabeth, Countess 
Dowager of Exeter and her heirs." The lands 
which were taken in exchange for the site of 
the hospital, are enumerated in the statute it- 
self, the preamble to which runs thus : — 

** An Act for settling and estating upon 
the Right Honorable the Lady Elizabeth, 
Countess Dowager of Exeter, her heirs and 
assigns for ever, the scite of the Hospital of 
St. Leonard, without the Town of Newark 
upon Trent, in the county of Nottingham, 
with the dwelling-house and other buildings 
thereupon built, and of certain closes and 
grounds, parcel of the possessions of the said 
Hospital, and for the annexing of divers lands 
and tenements of better value, being the in* 
heritance of the said Countess, unto the pos- 

* The principal batteries of the republicans were form- 
ed here at the battle of the Spittle, fought March 21, 1643, 
at which time it was totally demolished, not a vestige now 
remains, *tnd even its site is unknown. 



ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL. 267 

sessions of the said Hospital for ever, in lieu of 
the same/' 



RECITATION OF THE FOUNDATION. 

" And whereas, Philip, Lord Bishop of 
Lincoln, in the year of our Lord, 1417, by an 
instrument under his episcopal seal, confirmed 
by the then Dean and Chapter of Lincoln, un- 
der the Chapter Seal, desiring to provide for 
future times, and to remove all doubt which 
in following ages might arise concerning the 
said Hospital, first calling before him all par- 
ties whom it did concern, and by and with 
their assents and consents, did for him and his 
Successors ordain and decree that there was and 
should be one Master of the said Hospital, 
who should have the government, rule and 
custody of the same ; and should order and 
dispose of the fruits, rents and profits thereof, 
to the use of the^oor, and about the affairs of 
t\e said Hospital ; and that there should be 
two pojr Men in the said Hospital, and one 
Chaplain, to perform divine service to them, 
which Chaplain and poor Men should be n> 

s2 



268 ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL. 

ceived into the said Hospital by the Master 
thereof, for the time being, and be maintained 
with the fruits, rents and profits of the same, 
and the residue to be converted and disposed 
towards the sustentation and use of the Master 
to the supporting of other charges to the said 
Hospital, the defending of the rights and pri- 
vileges of the same, and towards the repairing 
and building of the said Hospital and other 
places to the same belonging, with a provision 
in the same instrument contained, that what- 
soever should at any time be given to the said 
Hospital, should be employed by the Master 
thereof for the time being to the uses afore- 
said, all which should be observed by the 
Master then being, and his successors for ever." 

Premises belonging to the Hospital ex- 
changed with the Countess of Exeter. 

A. R. P. 

The Hospital of St. Leonard's and its site. 

One Close of Pasture adjoining to the said site"} 

lying at the back of the new Stables, called > 8 
High Close y containing by estimation, J 

One other Close on the North of High Close, called 

Coney Grey Close, - - - - -300 



ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL. 269 

A. R. P. 

One other Close of Pasture, on the south oA 

High Close, called Smith's Forge Close alias \ 2 
Fleer Close, containing J 

The above lands, with the new erections, 
were demised to the Earl of Exeter during the 
lives of his three daughters Elizabeth, Diana 
and Anne, at the yearly rent of ^13. 6s. 8</. 
which was by the said Act advanced to ^20. 
determinable on the decease of the survivor 
of them. 

Premises belonging to the Countess of 
Exeter, enacted to be annexed to the endow- 
ment of the Hospital, by way of exchange. 

ELSTON AND STOKE, A. R. P. 

One ancient Messuage, with Meadow and Pasture 

Lands, containing - - - - 40 

ELSTON. 

Pasture Land, called Gallow-forth Close, by 

estimation ------300 

Arable Lands in the open Fields, - - - 6 



NEWARK. 

One Messuage, in Castlegate, in the occupation of 

John Jackson. 
One ditto called White Hall. 



270 ST. LEONARDS HOSPITAL. 

NORTHGATE. 

One Messuage, in the occupation of Widow Evans. 
One ditto, - - . John Ragby. 

One ditto, - - - - Richard Lambe. 
One ditto, - Widow Andrew. 

All which said premises in Newark and 
Northgate, were heretofore purchased of the 
Right Honourable late Lord Roos deceased. 

FURTHER ENDOWMENTS. 

NEWARK. A. R. P. 

Lands, of which his Grace the Duke of Newcastle,^ 

Roger Pocklington and Edward Smith V0 
Godfrey, Esquires, are lessees, by estimation J 

Houses, in number, between 30 and 40, of divers 
dimensions. 

BALDERTON. 

A House, called Grange Farm, with Lands con- 
tiguous thereto, ----- 230 
Four other small Closes and a Cottage. 

GIRTON* 

A Piece of enclosed Land, called Girton Dam, by 

estimation - - - - - -12 00 

CLAYPOLE. 

One ditto, - - - - - - - 200 



ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL. 271 

ENACTMENT 
FOH BUILDING THE PRESENT HOSPITAL. 

" And that the said Countess, her heirs, 
executors, administrators or assigns, should 
within the space of three years, next ensuing, 
at her and their own charges, build a house of 
brick or stone to be covered with tile or slate, 
consisting of eight rooms, viz, four low rooms 
and four chambers over the same for the receipt 
of the Master, Chaplain, and tivo poor Men, in 
or near Newark aforesaid, together with the 
enclosing of one acre of ground with a brick 
or stone wall to make them an orchard and 
garden, which house so built should be called 
and reputed to be the Hospital house of St. 
Leonard's aforesaid? 9 

Patron and Visitor, the Lord Bishop of 
Lincoln, who has the appointment of the 
Master. 

The Master has the appointment of the 
Chaplain and the two poor men. 






2/2 ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL. 

Succession of all the Masters on record. 

Edward Jermyn, S. T. P. in the reign of James I. 

Richard Dukeson, S. T. P Charles I. 

Henry Smith, A. M . Charles II. 

Charles Hall, A. M , William & Mary. 

Bernard Wilson, S. T. P ob. 1772. 

William Rastall, S. T. P ob. 1788. 

Joshua Brooke, S. T. B. the present Master. 

In the absence of such statutes, as must 
originally have been in force, for the regula- 
tion of this Charity, reference should be had 
to the existing Act of Parliament, from which 
the present transcript has been made. 

This ordains that the four lower and upper 
rooms shall be occupied by the Master, Chap- 
lain and the two poor men. The poor, in 
general, seem to have some claim upon and 
interest in the distribution of the revenues 
arising from the endowments. 

PRESENT STATE OF 
ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL. 

The house erected by the Countess of 
Exeter is yet standing and in good repair, on 



ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL. 2/3 

the west side at the bottom of Northgate. 
There are three poor men on the foundation, 
one of whom is nominally a Chaplain. A 
veiy small chamber is fitted up as a Chapel, 
with reading desk and pews. Prayers are 
read alternately, by these ephemeral priests, 
not in a cold Chapel ; but, far more comfort- 
ably, by the Jire side ; a few yards, not being 
supposed to make much difference as to their 
efficacy. They have each a calendar monthly 
allowance of 20s. 8d. and a pound over in the 
year, a good garden, coal, coat, waistcoat and 
gow r n annually. This appears to be all that 
can be spared, at the present day, either for 
the Chaplain, the poor men or the poor in ge- 
neral, out of the fruits, rents and profits of the 
before recited premises. 






274 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 



Thoroton's description is as follows, " The 
Free-School, which together w T ith the Song- 
School, is situated on the north-west point of 
the Church-yard, for an organist and six que- 
risters, was founded by Thomas Magnus, Arch- 
deacon of the East flitting of § QtftgfjtW, 
and warden of the college of 4&tfttf)0tp£> in 
this County,* which after the dissolution he 
had for life, it being granted to him and 
Richard Walley, Esquire, and the heirs of 
Richard. (37 H. VIII. 1546.)" 

This building is situated immediately south 
of the Chauntry, before described. Its whole 
length is about 80 feet, 42 of which were al- 
lotted to the original School; the breadth 30 

* Of which he was the founder. 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 275 

feet. The apartments are spacious and adapted 
with propriety to the purposes for which they 
were intended. The door and window frames 
are stone, and the windows mullioned accord- 
ing to the taste of the age. Over the entrance 
is the following inscription. 

THIS GRAMMAR SCHOOL, 

WAS FOUNDED BY 

THE REV. THOMAS MAGNUS, 

1529. 

The tradition which states this munificent 
donor, to have been an exposure, found in the 
Church porch, should be received with much 
caution, as appears by his deed of settlement, 
wherein mention is made of his father, mother, 
and sisters. Such benevolent characters as 
the worthy Archdeacon not being over fre- 
quent, it would be an unpardonable omission, 
in a History of Newark, not to lay before its 
inhabitants, any information, tending to throw 
light on the actions of their amiable, and with- 
out doubt revered benenefactor. 



276 THE FREE SCHOOL. 

THOMAS MAGNUS. 

Dr. Fuller author of the History oi Worthies 
who died in the year 1622, was the first who 
attempted a detail of the remarkable events in 
the life of this good man. From what sources 
the Doctor derived his information is not 
known, but he states " Thomas Magnus was 
an exposed child, left by his mother in the 
parish Church of Newark, and being found, 
in the way, by some Yorkshire clothiers in the 
dark of the morning, they had compassion 
upon the babe, and being unwilling to leave it 
yet exposed, agreed among themselves to pay 
for its nursing and education (which would 
come to little among many of them) and first 
of all had him baptized at Newark by the 
name of Thomas, giving his surname Amang- 
us* i. e. to be maintained among us." 

Were it not for the deed of settlement, 
there is not any thing in this statement which 
militates against credibility, as too many in* 

* This, certainly, is a Yorkshire term even now. 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 277 

fants from poverty or a worse motive in their 
parents, have been subjected to a like fate, and 
experienced similar benevolent deliverances. 

The author of the Modern History of 
Newark, descanting upon this subject, re- 
marks, " Next in chronological order, after 
Fuller, who takes notice of our divine, is the 
Nottinghamshire historian, Thoroton ; who 
implicitly credits, and ig?iora?itly adopts, with- 
out examination, the quaint conceit of his 
biographical predecessor. 

Half the truth, is often as arrant a lie as 
can possibly be spoken. What could be the 
motive, for taxing Thoroton with implicitly 
crediting and ignorantly adopting Fuller's re- 
lation, it is difficult to determine, but that the 
Nottinghamshire historian did not either, is 
evident, had the quotation been candidly ta- 
ken. Thoroton's account is as follows, — 

" By an old tradition in the town, printed 
by Dr. Thomas Fuller, in his English Wor- 
thies, he (Magnus) is said to have been found 



278 THE FREE SCHOOL. 

in the church porch of IJ^Ciltotftc, and having 
neither father nor mother, was by the people 
called Thomas Amatig-us ; but it appears to 
be otherwise in his Deed of Settlement, wherein 
he mentions John Magnus his father, and 
Alice his wife, his mother, and Joane, Eliza- 
beth and Katharine, his sisters." Comment, 
here, is unnecessary. 

An anonymous author who wrote in the 
year 1724, proceeds " The clothiers who dis- 
covered the child, being very careful in breed- 
ing him, and giving him school education, he 
became an excellent scholar and statesman, 
being sent on embassies. On this account he 
took on him the title of Doctor Magnus, and 
became famous both at home and abroad ; and 
not forgetting this town, where he was born to 
his foster fathers, he erected and endowed the 
aforesaid Free School here, and was, other- 
wise, a considerable benefactor to it. Dr. 
Thoroton, indeed, says that in his deed of 
settlement of a revenue on the School, he 
mentions John Magnus his father, and Joan, 
Elizabeth and Catharine his sisters j but this 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 2/9 

account need be no prejudice against Dr. 
Fuller's relation, since 'tis probable though 
his relations were poor, and unable to maintain 
him in his childhood, which was the only rea- 
son why they exposed him, yet they doubtless, 
had an eye to his education, and when they 
saw him to prosper so much in the world, did 
discover themselves to him, which made them 
take his name, and 'tis likely he was a bene- 
factor to them. But that which may render 
Dr. Fuller's account the more credible is, that 
Mr. H. Wood saw the Doctor's Will, and gives 
us no particulars of any legacies left to either 
his parents, or his sisters, or their children, 
which it is probable he would have devised, 
had he known of any near kindred. In this 
Will he ordered his burial to be at Newark, 
if he died in these parts." 

It is much to be regretted, that this author 
omitted the giving of some local reference to 
the situation of Mr. Wood ; but his so doing 
may reasonably be taken as an inference of his 
being a man of notoriety at that time. There 

iot any necessity for bolstering up the sup- 



280 THE FREE SCHOOL. 

position that Magnus was without relations by 
the non-appearance of legacies bequeathed to 
them by his Will, for in fact, they were all 
dead, and, without doubt, issueless, long before 
that instrument was drawn. A little more 
attention to the ordinances of the foundation 
of the Grammar School would have discovered 
an injunction for daily prayers to be offered for 
their souls. 

The most probable account of this munifi- 
cent donor, is given by Dr. Stukely, in his 
Miscellaneous Observations. 

" What Fuller, and after him Thoroton 
and some others, tell us about the origin and 
name of Dr. Magnus, seems a badly invented 
fable. It does not agree with the account of 
his family which he himself gives, nor is it 
easy to imagine how Dr. Fuller came by it, 
for it is not according to the tradition of the 
place, as he vouches it to be. I have seen a 
very different account of the matter, reduced 
into writing by an ancestor of my friend, Mr. 
Milnes, and lately in the possession of my 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 281 

cousin Herring, which was to this effect, 
wherewith agreeth all the tradition I have ever 
heard. " Some Yorkshire clothiers returning 
into the north from Boston in Lincolnshire, 
which was then the chief mart for wool, and 
where resided many chief merchants of th£ 
staple, were stayed at Newark, by reason of 
the waters with which that place aboundeth. 
They lodged at a publican's of the name of 
Magnus, where the sense and sprightliness of 
his son, then a child, so won upon them, 
that they agreed to carry him home with 
them, and give him a good education; to 
which his parents consenting, they faithfully 
performed their engagement; and being 
somewhat like in sound, instead of Magnus, 
used, in a jocular way, to call him Amang us, 
signifying that he was maintained among 
them. When he had sufficiently advanced in 
stature and learning, he returned to his native 
place, and there being thought a youth of for- 
ward parts, he was much caressed by Alder- 
man Robert Brown,* who being Receiver to 

* This was the same person who afterward became so 
eminent a benefactor to the town of Newark. It is plcaMii;; 

T 



282 THE FREE SCHOOL. 

Cardinal Wolsey, and to Longland, Bishop of 
Lincoln, Sheriff of Nottinghamshire and Der- 
byshire, and Gustos Rotulorum of the County 
of Nottingham, and parts of Kesteven, in the 
county of Lincoln, was a person of great inter- 
est and authority; and being much taken 
with young Magnus, recommended him to the 
Cardinal, in whose confidence he ever after 
remained, being sent by hijn on divers em- 
bassies, especially to the Emperor, when 

to observe the congeniality of sentiment, that excited those 
three worthy men, Magnus, Brown, and Phillipott, the two 
latter of whom seem to have been neighbours in Castlegate. 
It was the original intention of Magnus to give his charities 
by his will, and consequently not to take effect till after his 
decease ; yet by his last deed, February 21st, 1531, which 
was a year after the date of his last feoffment, he declares 
the uses of his feoffments, gives away the estates from him- 
self, and settles them in immediate possession for the benefit 
of his charities. In the next year, his former patron Brown, 
executed his Will, and died about two months after. 
In the year 1556, Phillipott's Testament is dated, he dying 
in May, 1557. William Phillipott was a feoffee under both 
the trusts of Magnus and Brown. Hence it may reason- 
ably be inferred, that the inhabitants of Newark are not only 
indebted to Magnus for his own particular benevolence, but 
also to his example and influence over his two friends for 
tiie addition of theirs. 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 283 

Wolsey was soliciting his interest to obtain 
the papacy. In this service Magnus got great 
preferment and was high in esteem at court, 
but either being deprived of his influence by 
the fall of his patron, or wishing to retire to a 
private life in his old age, he quitted the court 
and came to live in his college at Sibthorpe, 
where he died well stricken in years, and rich 
in good works/' 

This relation is well worthy of credence 
and upon the whole, tradition has frequently 
made more absurd aberrations, than in the 
instance before us; though the concluding 
sentence is not strictly correct, as Mr. Magnus 
died at Seassy, near Thirsk, in the North Ri- 
ding of the County of York. 

In the middle of the chancel of that parish 
Church, upon a gravestone, is inscribed in brass 
the following 

EPITAPH. 

Here lyttfi Mr. Thomas Magnus, Archdea- 
con of the East rydeing in the Metropolitan 



1 Jml 



284 THE FREB SCHOOL. 

Church of York, and Parson of this Churchy 
which died the \Sth Day of August, Anno 
Domini 1550, whose soule God pardon. 

As a perfect copy of the Deeds, relating to 
this noble charity, would be somewhat too 
redundant to transcribe into a work of this 
kind, an abridgement only is given, not merely 
as matter of information, but also, from the 
orthography and nice distinctions on some 
points, as a curiosity. But, firstly, it may not 
be improper to recite, in plain English, the 
quantity, nature, and situation of the several 
premises demised. 

June 20th, 1530, (22 Hen. VIII.) 

THOMAS MAGNUS, Archdeacon of the 
East Riding in the Metropolitan Church of 
ff 0tft> by Deed-Poll, gives, &c. to William 
Hoolgyll, Clerk, Robert Chaloner, Edmund 
Molyneux, William Burdon, Clerk, Peter 
Langefelowe, Clerk, Adam Langley, Richard 
Bevercotes, Richard Lucas, Thomas Clerke, 
Lambert Watson, Nicholas Thompson, Thomas 
Adwyn, otherwise called Thomas Lancastre, 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 285 

Bartholomew JEykington, Robert Curson, 
Hugh Gelston, Andrew Jackson, John Thak- 
kei % , John Fulwood, William Hochekynson, 
Robert Howes, William Phyllipot, William 
Brynkley, and William Shawe. 



148 Acres Pasture, ( in Sandwath near Bilbrught, in the 
12 Ditto Wood, J County of the City of York, 

21 Messuages, 3 Cottages, 
200 Acres Land, 160 Ditto Meadow, 
100 Ditto Pasture, 100 Ditto Heath, 
240 Ditto Moor, 250 Ditto Marsh, 
A Rent of 15d. A Fishery. 
A Moiety of the Manor of Harwell. 

In Harwell and Everton, in the County of Nottingham, 

2 Messuages, 6 Cottages, 
200 Acres Land, 40 Ditto Meadow, 100 Ditto Wood. 

In Folkyngham, IValcottys, Boylby and Aslowby, in the 
County of Lincoln, 

To have and to hold to them and their 
heirs to the use of the said Thomas Magnus 
and his heirs, and to perform his last Will 
thereof declared. 

Also a letter of Attorney in the Deed to 
deliver possession and seisin, which it appears 



286 THE FREE SCHOOL. 

by the Indorsements was done at Sandwath 
the same day viz. June 20th, 1530, at Everton 
the 21st, and at Folkyngham the 27th, of the 
same month. 

December 5th, 1530. 

THOMA£ MAGNUS, Clerk, Archdeacon 
of the East Riding in the Metropolitan Church 
of York, by Deed-Poll, gives, &c. to the said 
William Hoolgyll, &c. {Lambert Watson 
excepted). 

3 Messuages, 2 Cottages, 
60 Acres Land, 40 Ditto Pasture, 200 Ditto Moor, 
A Rent of Id, 

In Mattersay, Mattersay Thorp, Barriby and Ranby, in the 
County of Nottingham. 

To have and to hold to them and their 
heirs to the use of the said Thomas Magnus, 
and his heirs, and to perform his last Will 
thereof made. 

Also a letter of Attorney in the Deed to 
deliver possession, which it appears by the 
Indorsement was done at Barnby upon the 
same day. 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 287 

February 24th, 1531. 

THOMAS MAGNUS, Clerk, Archdeacon 
of the East Riding, &c. by Deed-Poll, &c. &c. 

2 Messuages, "^ In Newark upon Trent, in the 

2 Gardens, > County of Nottingham. 

One Acre of Pasture, J 

Possession given the same day. 

Total 1851 Acres, 28 Messuages, 11 Cottages, 
2 Gardens, 1 Fishery, 2 Rent Charges, 1 Moeity of a Manor, 

ABSTRACT 
Of the Ordinances and Foundation 

OF THE SCHOOLS OF 

Grammar & Song, at Newark upon Trent, 

AJfD OTHER CHARITABLE ACTS, 

BY MR. THOMAS MAGNUS. 

Recital of jf COfflllCllt to the use of his Will. 

11 €t)i£ ^NttntUte made the xxj day of 

February, in the xxiij yere of the Reigne of 
our Soverayne Lord King Henry the VHIth, 
betweene Thomas Magnus, Archdeacon of 
Estridyng in the Cathedrall Churche of Yorke, 



288 THE FREE SCHOOL. 

on that one partie, and William Hoolgyll, 
Clerk, and Edmonde Molyneux, Gentylman 
on the other partye, !©ittene££ttfj that 
whereas the saide Thomas Magnus hath 
infeoffed the said William Hoolgyll and 
Edmonde Molyneux, and also Robert Chaloner, 
&c. &c. (as before recited) of and in all the 
Landys, Tenements, and Heredytaments of the 
sayde Thomas Magnus, in Sandwathe, nere 
unto Bilburgh, with the appurtenances in the 
Countie of the Citie of Yorke, Folkyngham, 
Walcotys, Boulby, and Aslahie, in the Countie 
of Lincoln ; Harwell, Everton, Matersay, 
Matersay Thorp, Barnby, Ranby, and New- 
ark xvpon Trent, in the Countie of Nottingham, 
and elsewhere in the saide Counties of the 
saide Citie of York, Lincoln, and Nottingham. 
And the saide whiche Landys and Tenements 
with the Appurtenances be of the clere yerely 
value of xlii/. viiis, ivrf. or thereupon. The 
same Landys and Tenements with the Appur- 
tenances to be had unto the said William 
Hoolgyll, &e*&c. &c. and to their Heyers and 
Assignes to the use of the said Thomas Magnus 
and of his Heyers for ever. And to thentent 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 289 

thereof to accomplyshe and fulfyll the last 
Will by the same Thomas Magnus declared, 
or to be declared as by theyre several Dedys 
thereof by the said Thomas Magnus to the said 
Willm Hoolgyll, &c. (Then follows a power 
to receive the rents and profits and the applica- 
tion thereof appointed) 'Cfjat ys to saye xviiiZ. 
Parcell of the Yssues, Revenues and Profitts of 
the sayde Landys, Tenements and Heredyta- 
ments shall yerely be payde and ymployde to 
and for the Esetubition and fyndying of two 
seculer honest Prests, whereof one Prest shall 
have sufficient Connyng and Lernyng to teche 
the Gramer, and the other Prest Connyng and 
Lernyng to teche playne Song,* pryk Song,f 
descant J: and to play at the Organs, and the 
sayde two Prests frely shall teche and instruct 
all Persons and Chyldren that will at Newarke 
aforesaide come to Schole with them, and shall 
be desposed to lerne."§ Thus far in the original 
style. 

* Song without notes. + Song by notes. 

X Musical composition. 

§ The first song-schoolmaster, was Robert Kirkehye. Vid. 
Choir. 



290 THE FREE SCHOOL. 

The masters were prohibited from making* 
any charge ; but might receive presents for 
teaching to play on the organ. The salary of 
the Grammar-master, ^10. that of the Mu- 
sician, ^8. Not to be absent without lawful 
cause. To pray daily for the souls of King 
Henry VII. and his Queen Elizabeth, the said 
Thomas Magnus, John his father, Alice, his 
mother, Johanne, Elizabeth and Katerina, his 
sisters; and for all his other benefactors, fami- 
liars, and for the estate of the inhabitants of 
the town and parish of Newark. To be allow- 
ed 30 days yearly for recreation and business, 
the time or times optional. Two laymen may, 
in a scarcity of honest Priests, be appointed. 
Six children to be taught the organ, gratui- 
tously, to sing at the celebration of mass at 
the altar of the Virgin, six days in every 
week, and on Friday at the mass of Jesus. 
Their salaries, 26s. 8c?. yearly, by quarterly 
payments. To be chosen by the Song- 
schoolmaster. 40s. to be paid yearly for the 
performance of an obit in the church, at the 
altar of the Holy Trinity y for the souls of 
Thomas Magnus, on the anniversary of his. 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 291 

death, his father, mother, and benefactors. 
The 40s. to be distributed in the following 
manner : — 

s. d. 
To the Vicar, if he execute the dirge, and sing 

the requiem, 2 4 

If not, 1 

Offering, 2 

To each of the Parish Priests and Chauntry Priests, 6 
To every other Priest present, not exceeding 21, ... 6 

To the two Parish Clerks, each, 4 

To each of the six Choristers, 2 

To the Alderman of Trinity Guild, if present, and 

offering, 2d 2 

To his wife, subject to the said offering, 16 

To the Alderman of Magdalen's Guild, offering \d. 16 

To his Wife, offering Id. 12 

To the Alderman of the Virgin's Guild, offering Id. 16 

To his Wife, offering Id. 12 

To the Alderman of Corpus Christ Guild, off. Id. 16 

TohisWife, offering Id. 12 

For Wax, burnt about the Herse, 2 4 

To the Bellman, for ringing the Bells, what is customary. 

The remainder to be given to the Poor. 

Forty shillings to be paid yearly to the 
Alderman of Trinity Guild, otherwise called 
the Alderman of the Town. 



292 THE FREE SCHOOL. 

Forty shillings a year to the Chauntry 
Priests, to pray at their dinner and supper 
graces, for the souls of Thomas Magnus and 
all christian souls, to be paid at Martinmas. 

The Aldermen of Trinity and Mary Guilds, 
taking to them six of the eldest and saddest 
feoffees, with the advice of the church mas- 
ters, shall let the premises for any term not 
exceeding 21 years. The lease to be under 
the Seal of the Vicar, two Aldermen, and six 
feoffees. 

If this indenture shall be frustrate by any 
law or statute, the lands to be sold, and ap- 
plied tb the same uses. 

If the Guilds decay, then the Vicar, the 
Bailiff* of the town, the church masters, and 
other two the eldest of the feoffees, to have the 
ordering of the premises in manner as afore* 
said. 

The profits yearly remaining over all the 
aforesaid charges, to be put into a chest in the 






±riE FREE SCHOOL. 293 

treasure house, under the keeping of the 
church masters, with three locks and keys, to 
he kept by the two Aldermen of Trinity and 
Magdalen Guilds and Vicar. 

Application of the remainder and accumula- 
tion of the profits. 

Defence of the title. 
Reparation of the premises. 
Renewal of the feoffments. 

If the amount is above ^40. then the 
surplus to be applied to putting the said lands 
and tenements in mortmain. Or to the works 
of the Church of Newark, or to some other 
commonweal, as need shall require, if thought 
necessary by the said Vicar, the two said 
Aldermen and the church masters who are 
appointed executors. 

And that the Intents of the said covenants, 
agreements and grants, may not hereafter be 
put into oblivion, it is required, that upon 
Trinity Sunday or the Monday next, after the 



294 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 



finishing of their feasts there used, that the 
Vicar, the two Aldermen, and Church masters, 
do cause to be read, the names of the feoffees 
for the time being, and to fill up the vacancies 
if any are dead : and for so doing they shall 
receive ten shillings towards the providing of 
bread and wine. 

The two school masters, with the consent 

of the feoffees, to be chosen by the Vicar, and 

the Aldermen of the four Guilds, namely, — 

Trinity Guild, \ 

Corpus Christi Guild, ^ in the Church of 
Our Lady's Guild, ( Newark. 

Mary Magdalen Guild. / 

That upon the nomination of the Grammar 
School-Master* he shall be, by the Vicar and 
Aldermen, or two of them, presented to the 
warden of the Friars Observant at Newark, 
for the time being. And in case the said 
warden shall find him sufficiently able in 
vertue and connyng to teach the said gram- 
mar, then shall his charge be delivered unto 
him ; to which if he agree, his oath of office 
shall be forthwith administered. 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 295 

THE OATH, 

I, C. D. being appointed master of the 
'Grammar School in the parish of Newark 
upon Trent, (and built by Master Thomas 
Magnus, late Archdeacon of the East Riding 
in the Metropolitan Church of York,) as Mas- 
ter and instructor of scholars there, in honor 
of the name of Jesus and of the Blessed Virgin 
Mary, his Mother, swear to these things, by 
the holy Gospel of God ; that, when I shall 
have been inducted into this school for the 
instruction and learning of scholars; from that 
time I will not receive or partake of any 
salary for my service, except the annual one 
limited and assigned to me by the direction of 
the said Master Thomas Magnus. The orders 
and rules of this foundation declared to me 
before, or to be declared hereafter and with 
all and every of which being content, I w r ill 
keep as far as lies in my power as a mortal 
being ; nor will I fraudulently or maliciously 
break them or any part thereof. So help me 
< rod and the holy Gospel of God. 



296 THE FREE SCHOOL. 

Possession shall then be given by placing 
him in his chair, and repeating to him as 
fellows ; — 

Ye be chosyn to be Maister, Instruct- 
our, and Preceptour of this Scoole, and to 
teche Chylder repayryng to the same, not 
onely good Literature, Gramer and other 
vertuous Doctrine, but also good Maners, 
accordyng to the Ordynance of Maister Tho- 
mas Magnus. Wherfore we doe ascertayne 
you, that this is a perpetual Roome of Contynu- 
ance upon your good Demeanour and Dutie 
to be done in this Scoole. And at all suche 
Tymes as the Vicare of Newark, and the 
Alderman of the Trynitie Gilde, with the other 
the Aldermen of Corpus Christi Gilde, Our 
Ladyes Gilde, and Mary Mawdeleynes Gilde, 
the Church Wardeyns and Maisters, and the 
moore parte of the Feoffees of the said Laridys, 
Tenements and other Heredytaments, wherof 
ye shall have your Stypend, shall requyre you 
to come afore theym, or three of theym, in the 
Vestrye within the Parysshe Church of this the 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 297 

Towne of Newark, or any other honest and 
secret place, ye shall not onely be redy ther- 
unto, but also ye shall applye you to reforme 
yourself, and to amende suche thyngs whereof 
perchaunce ye shall be then admonyshed and 
warned, or ells ye shall submytte yourself to 
the Correction and Reformation of the Arche- 
deacon of Notyngham, or of his official ; and 
so doyng your duete, ye shall contynue Maister 
of this Scoole with Love and Favour, and 
otherwise ye beyng resonably warned and 
monysshed once, twyes, or thres of your evil 
Demeanours, and not amendyng, nor submvt- 
tyng yourself, as ys aforsaid, shall content and 
dispose you to departe from this Roome. And 
in case hereafter ye shall be determyned of 
your owne Mynde and mere mocyon at any 
tyme to departe from the same Roome, and to 
refuse the Roome of Scool-Maister, ye shall 
then gyve unto the Vicare of the Churche of 
Newarke, to the Churche Maisters or Churche 
Warndeyns there, and to the said Aldermen, 
or to three of theyiii, special Warnyng and 
Monvcyon at the least by the space of vj 
Monthes or moe, oueless that in a moore brev r o 

T 



298 THE FREE SCHOOL. 

tyme one other able and apte Person for that 
Roome shall or may be well provided/' 

" The said Vicare, Church Maisters, and 
Aldermen, or three of theym, shall also say* 
unto the said Person so admyttyd to be Scoole 
Maisterof the said Gramer Scoole that he shall 
not absent hymselfe fro the saide Scoole by 
any longger Tyme then ys assigned by the 
Ordynance> nor to have suche Libertie but 
upon Licence askyd and optaynede of the saide 
Vicare, yf he shall be present, and of the saide 
Alderman of the Trinitie Gilde, and of the 
other three Aldermen aforenaymd. And if any 
Controversy^ Dyscorde or Debate shall fortune 
to be betweene the saide Scool-maister any of 
his Scoolers, or betweene the saide Scool-mai- 
ster and any other Persone of the Towne or 
Parietie of Newarke aforesaid, that then the 
saide Scool-maister shall, for the peasing and 
Reformation thereof, abyde to the order and 
Dyrectyon of the saide Vicare of Newarke for 
the tyme beyng, yf he be there present, and 
of the Alderman of the Trinitie Gilde, and of 
the other three Aldermen aforesaid for the 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 299 

tyme beyng, or of three of them ; and that the 
same Scool-maister in all other things shall 
conforme hymselfe to the Ordynance made by 
the said Maister Thomas Magnus; and fynally, 
the said Vicare, Aldermen and Feoffees, shall 
save to the saide Scool-maister, That in his so 
doying God gyv hym Grace long with muche 
Goodnes to contynue, and many Scoolers to 
bryng forth in Vertue and good Lernyng. 
Amen." 

The Song Schoolmaster to be chosen by 
the Vicar, the Church masters or wardens, 
and the Aldermen of the four Guilds. 

If either of the Schoolmasters misdemean 
himself, and shall not use and order themselves 
well and virtuously in every behalf according 
to their diligence, and the said ordinances, 
and diligently apply themselves to the teach- 
ing of their scholars; it shall then be lawful 
for the said Vicar and the said Aldermen, after 
three monitions given to the said masters, or 
to one of them, (so misusing or demeaning 
himself) to shew to the above Arch-deacon of 

t2 



300 THE FREE SCHOOL. 

Nottingham, for the time being, or his official, 
for reformation or correction of the default of 
the said masters, or such one of them as shall 
so misuse himself, and in case the faults are 
neither reformed or punished, the Vicar and 
Aldermen aforesaid to detain the salary, till 
submission is made. 

But if the said Schoolmasters or either of 
them, remain pertinaciously obstinate, then he 
or they to be expelled the school. 

And if the said Schoolmasters shall find 
themselves aggrieved, either by non-payment 
of the salaries, or otherwise, the case to be laid 
before the said Arch-deacon, or his official, for 
his determination. 

ANCIENT 
REGULATIONS OF THE SCHOOL. 

" The said School-maisters, and either of 
theym for the tyme b&yng, shall cause and 
compell their Scoolers, every Worke-day in 
the whiche the said Scoolers lerne or be taught, 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 301 

to be in the Scoole by syx of the cloke in the 
Mornyng, or soone after that Houre, and there 
to remayne til it shal be nyne of the Cloke, 
and then to goe to their Brekfast or Drynkyng j 
and to be in the Scoole ageyn at tenne of the 
Cloke, or nere unto that Houre, and then to 
goe to theyr Dyners, and to be in the Scoole 
ageyn at one of the Cloke, or within haife an 
honre after, and there to remayne and tary 
tyll yt shall be six of the Cloke, except tymes 
lymyttyd for the said Scooters to be present at 
Masses, and the Day in the whiche the saide 
Obit shal be kept. And also except the After- 
noons of such days wherein they shall have 
licensed holidays. That there shall be Psalms 
and Prayers every day at six in the morning 
and six at the evening." 

That the said Masters shall not be allowed 
to grant Holidays to their Scholars, except on 
a Tuesday or Thursday, or unless it be required 
by any honorable or worshipful person, or other 
of good fame, in which case the granting or 
refusing shall be at the option of the Masters. 



302 THE FREE SCHOOL. 

Any of the Scholars either for disobedience, 
obstinacy, or insolence, may, after being thrice 
admonished, be expelled the School. 

The above Indenture, examined and con- 
firmed by the said Thomas Magnus, February 
27th, 1531. 

Feoffment renewed January 6th, 155 J, 
(5 Ed. VI.) February, 1571, (14 Eliz.) 

Mr. Magnus lived above 18 years after the 
settlement of these great donations, a circum- 
stance which much recommends and endears 
his memory to the inhabitants of the town of 
Newark, 

REMARKS. 

Many and great alterations have taken 
place since the time of the original donor; 
Altars, Masses, Requiems, Obits, with their 
numerous train of attendants were swept away 
at the reformation by that pious Monarch 
Henry VIII. though, it is highly probable, had 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 303 

not the tyrant been thwarted in his views of 
cutting out one wife, and shuffling in another, 
the sway of his Holiness would have continued 
unimpeded to this day. The religious reform- 
ists of those times, notwithstanding the nu- 
merous errors they professed to have discovered 
in Popery, prevailed upon themselves without 
the least reluctance to take possession of 
Popish Churches, and Popish Endowments; 
nor, is it much doubted their regenerated 
descendants, would be found squeamish about 
"pushing from their stools" the present 
possessors, if opportunity occurred. The 
statute against superstitious uses, would have 
rendered nugatory many of Mr. Magnus' 
liberalities ; but that gentleman shrewdly 
suspected, and consequently was provident 
enough to guard against such an innovation. 
The Guilds vanished, but Magnus' prescience 
had ordered a remedy. 

Matters however were, by the lapse of two 
centuries, involved in such perplexity that in 
the year 1738, a decree was obtained in Chan 
eery which it may not be imnroDer to tran- 



304 THE FREE SCHOOL. 

scribe for the information of the inhabitants in 
general. The Decree is dated January 13th, 
1738. 

This suit was instituted 
Between, His Majesty's Attorney General, 
at the relation of William Handley and John 
Potter, Church-wardens of the Parish of 
Newark upon Trent, and Parishioners and 
Inhabitants there, and of Samuel Fisher, gent, 
one of the Land-owners and Inhabitants there, 
on behalf of the Parishioners and Inhabitants 
of the said Town, Plaintiffs : 

AttD, The Mayor and Aldermen of Newark 
aforesaid, in their Corporate capacity, Henry 
Martin, John Milnes, Samuel Rastall, Robert 
Marris, John Herring, John Taylor, Christo- 
pher Buckley, Edward Eastland, Benjamin 
Farnsworth, Joseph Lund, William Hoyes, 
Thomas Wilson, and Edivard Smith, the then 
Mayor and Aldermen, and Bernard Wilson, 
clerk, Vicar of the same place, Defendants. 

This cause was heard on the 26th and 28th 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 305 

days of June, 1736, before the Lord Chancel- 
lor Talbot, who declared that the charities, in 
the pleadings mentioned, given by Thomas 
Magnus, clerk ; Robert Brown of Newark, 
aforesaid, Esq. and William Philpott of New- 
ark aforesaid merchant, should be established, 
except what were given to superstitious uses. 

The Mayor and Aldermen took exceptions 
to this report, which were argued before the 
Lord Chancellor Hardwick, on the 13th, and 
15th days of December, 1/38, when the fol- 
lowing Particulars or Articles were decreed. 

EDecwe. 

ORDER AS TO THE MANAGEMENT 
OF MAGNUS' CHARITY. 



a 



HIS LORDSHIP doth Order, Adjudge 
and Decree, that the first Article be, That a 
Receiver be appointed on Monday in Whit- 
sun-week next ensuing, between the hours of 
one and two of the clock in the afternoon of 
the same day, in the body of the Church of 
Newark aforesaid : And that such Receiver be 



306 THE FREE SCHOOL. 

chosen and appointed at a meeting of the 
Vicar of the Church of Newark aforesaid, the 
Mayor, and next senior Alderman, and the 
four Church-wardens, for the time being, of 
the said Church of Newark, or the major part 
of them, whereof the Vicar or Mayor to be 
one, and the majority of those present to bind 
the rest: And that such Receiver be removeable 
at the pleasure of the said Vicar, Mayor, and 
next senior Alderman and four Church-ward- 
ens, or the major part of them, whereof the 
Vicar or Mayor to be one, and the majority to 
bind the rest; but such motion, and the ap- 
pointment of a new Receiver, to be made only 
at such meeting on the Monday in tFhitsun 
week for that purpose, whereof public notice 
is to be given in the Church, on the Sunday 
fortnight before, immediately after Divine 
Service. 

1L And it is further Ordered, Adjudged 
and Decreed, that the second Article be, That 
such Receiver do pay what he shall so receive 
into the hands of the said four Church -wardens, 
within eight days after the receipt thereof. 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 307 

III. And it is further Ordered, Adjudged 
and Decreed, that the third Article be : That 
such Receiver do annually, on the 7th day of 
January, between the hours of twelve and two 
in the afternoon of the same day, unless the 
said 7th day of January happen to be on a 
Sunday, and then on the Monday following, 
between the same hour-, in the body of the 
Church of Newark aforesaid, pass his accompts 
before the Vicar, the Mayor, the first senior 
Alderman, and the four Church-wardens for 
the time being, or the major part of them then 
present, whereof the Vicar or Mayor to be one, 
and the majority of those present to bind the 
rest. And that after such accompts are passed, 
the same, together with the Rental of the 
Premises, be fairly transcribed into a book to 
be provided for that purpose, and signed by 
the Persons present at the allowance thereof. 

IV. And it is further Ordered, Adjudged, 
and Decreed, that the fourth Article be, That 
the four Church-w T ardens do, until the several 
Charity Estates be increased by the falling in 
of Leases or otherwise, by the oversight and 



308 THE FREE SCHOOL. 

with the privity and consent of the Vicar, the 
Mayor, and the first three senior Aldermen of 
Newark aforesaid, for the time being, pay the 
several sums of money, and at the several times, 
and to the respective Persons herein after 
mentioned and named ; that is to say, To the 
Schoolmaster of the Grammar School twenty 
pounds a year by equal payments at Michaelmas, 
Christmas, Lady-day, and Midsummer. To 
the Song School-master seventeen pounds a 
year, quarterly by equal payments as aforesaid. 
To the six Singing Boys eight pounds a year; 
(that is to say) d'6. \3s. Ad. part thereof 
towards their Maintenance, andj^l. 6s. Sd. 
residue thereof, to be laid out in Gowns, or 
Surplices; the ^6. 13s. 4d.to be paid quarter- 
ly by equal payments as aforesaid. To the 
Mayor of Newark, for the time being, two 
pounds on Michaelmas day. To the Town 
Clerk of the said town two pounds on Michael- 
mas day, in consideration of the trouble he 
will have, by reason of the directions hereby 
given. And to the Receiver, on the day of 
passing his Accompts, 13s. Ad. besides his 
reasonable expenses. And to the Vicar, Mayor, 






THE FREE SCHOOL. 309 

first senior Alderman, and four Churchwardens, 
or to such of them as shall be present at the 
passing of the Accompts two shillings a piece, 
to be paid at the time of passing the said 
Accompts, which said several payments do 
amount together to the sum of ^50. 7$« 4rf. 

V. And it is further Ordered, Adjudged 
and Decreed, that the fifth Article be, That, 
after paying of the several sums of money be- 
fore mentioned, the residue of the Rents and 
Profits of the said Premises be put into an iron 
chest to be provided for that purpose, w r ith 
three locks and three keys, to be kept in the 
Treasury house in the Vestry of the Church of 
Newark aforesaid, and the same to remain in 
the same chest until the same shall amount to 
the sum of forty pounds ; one key of the said 
chest to be kept by the Mayor, another by the 
! Vicar, and the other key by the head Church- 
warden, chosen by the town of Newark, for 
the time being, 



VI. And it is further Ordered, Adjudged 
and Decreed, that the sixth Article be, That 



310 THE FREE SCHOOL. 

when the Surplus or Residue of the Rents and 
Profits of the said Premises, after the Payments 
aforesaid are made, shall amount to the sum of 
Forty Pounds, that then the Town Clerk of 
Newark aforesaid do cause public notice to 
be given on a Sunday immediately after divine 
service, of a meeting to be had by the Vicar, 
Mayor, first senior Alderman, and four Church- 
wardens of Newark aforesaid for the time 
being, or the major part of them then present, 
whereof the Vicar or Mayor to be one, and the 
majority of those present to bind the rest, for 
the disposition of such surplus or residue, which 
meeting shall always be some day within a 
fortnight after such surplus shall amount to 
the said sum of forty pounds, in the body of the 
Church of Newark, between the hours of 
nine and ten of the clock in the morning of the 
same day ; at which meeting, the Vicar, Mayor, 
first senior Alderman and four Churchwardens, 
or the major part of them then present, where- 
of the Vicar or Mayor to be one, and the ma- 
jority of those present to bind the rest, are, by 
writing under their hands to direct and appoint 
the payment and application of such residue 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 311 

M surplus in repairing or beautifying the 
Church of Newark aforesaid, or some other 
good work or works for the common good and 
weal of the said tow r n, as they shall think most 
necessary and convenient, and most agreeable 
to the donation and intention of the said 
Thomas Magnus. And that they do cause 
such order and direction to be fairly transcribed 
into a book to be provided for that purpose, 
and to be signed by them, and kept in the said 
chest, 

VII. And it is further Ordered, Adjudged 
and Decreed, that the seventh Article be : 
That when any Leases of the said Premises 
shall expire or any part of the said Premises 
shall be untenanted, that the same be let at 
the full improved value, without any fine to 
be taken in any respect thereof. And that no 
Lease or Leases be granted for any longer time 
than twenty-one years, nor any Lease or Leases 
granted of the said Premises, or any part there- 
; of, without the privity and consent of the 
Mayor, and first three senior Aldermen, the 
Vicar and four Cliurrh-wardcns, for the time 



312 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 



being, of the town and Church of Newark, or 
the major part of them, whereof the Vicar or 
Mayor to be one. 



VIII. And it is further Ordered, Adjudged 
and Decreed, that the eighth Article be: That 
before any part of the said Estate shall be let 
on Lease, or otherwise, the Tow r n Clerk of 
Newark aforesaid for the time being, shall 
cause public notice to be given by the Parish 
Clerk on a Sunday, in the Church of Newark 
aforesaid, immediately after Divine Evening 
Service, of the time and place of letting such 
Estates, at least ten days before the letting of 
the same. And that the said Estates shall 
always be let in the body of the Church at 
Newark aforesaid, between the hours of twelve 
and two of the clock of the day appointed for 
letting the same to the person or persons that 
will give the most Rent for the same. Provided 
such person or persons shall be esteemed by 
the Mayor, three senior Aldermen, the Vicar, 
and four Church-w r ardens of Newark afore- 
said, for the time being, or the major part of 
them present, whereof the Mayor or Vicar to 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 313 

be one, to be capable of paying, or giving good 
security to pay the Rent of the same. 

IX. And it is further Ordered, Adjudged 
and Decreed, that the ninth Article be, That 
in case any Lease or Leases is, or are agreed 
upon at the time aforesaid, that such Lease 
or Leases shall pass under the common seal of 
the Corporation of Newark, and under the 
hands and seals of the Mayor, three senior 
Aldermen, Vicar, and four Church-wardens 
for the time being, of the said Town and 
Church of Newark, or the major part of them. 
And that they take a counterpart of such 
Lease or Leases from the Lessee or Lessees of 
the said premises, executed by him, her, or 
them, and shall deposit the same in the said 
iron chest. 

X. And it is further Ordered, Adjudged 
and Decreed, that the tenth Article be : That 
the Grammar Schoolmaster and Song School- 
master upon any future vacancy, to be chosen 
by the Vicar and the Mayor, and twelve Alder- 
men of Newark aforesaid, or the major part 

x 



*-> 



14 THE FREE SCHOOL, 



of them present, whereof the Mayor or Vicar 
to be one, at a meeting to be had for that pur- 
pose ; of which meeting, the Town Clerk of 
Newark aforesaid is to cause public notice to 
be given by the parish clerk of the Church of 
Newark aforesaid, in the Church of Newark 
aforesaid, immediately after evening divine 
service, at the least ten days before such 
meeting, which is to be in the body of the 
Church of Newark aforesaid* 

XL And it is further Ordered, Adjudged 
and Decreed, that the eleventh article be, 
That the master of the said Song-school dd, 
from time to time, chuse at his discretion, 
out of the boys, inhabitants of the said Town of 
Newark, being scholars at the said Grammar 
School of Newark aforesaid, such a number 
of boys, in case of a vacancy of the present 
boys, as shall be wanting to fill up the present 
number of six, such as he shall judge to be apt 
for singing and playing on the organ; but none 
of them to be chosen without the consent of 
their Parents or Guardians, nor under the age 
of ten years, nor to continue in the said Song- 



i 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 



315 



school any longer than until they have attain- 
ed respectively their ages of eighteen years. 
But in ca«e boys proper for that purpose shall 
not be found in the Grammar School, then 
such vacancies to be filled up out of the chil- 
dren of the Town of Newark. 

XII. And it is further Ordered, Adjudged 
and Decreed, that the twelfth Article be, 
That when any of the Leases now subsisting 
shall expire or drop in, that the increase of the 
Rents and Profits which shall arise thereby, be 
divided into twelve equal parts, and be dis- 
posed of as followeth (that is to say) That six- 
parts of the said twelve parts be paid and ap- 
plied to the augmenting and advancing the 
salary of the said Grammar School-master, un- 
til the same shall be augmented and increased 
to the sum of forty pounds a year : That one 
part of the said twelve parts of the said increase 
of the said Revenues of the said Estates, to be 
applied and paid to the said Song Schoolmaster, 
until the said Song Schoolmaster's salary shall 
be increased and augmented to the sum of 
Twenty Pounds a year ; And that four parti of 

x2 



316 THE FREE SCHOOL. 

the said twelve parts of the said increase of the 
said Revenues of the said Estates, be applied 
and paid to the said singing Boys, until their 
salary or allowance shall amount to the sum 
of Twenty-four Pounds a year in the whole ; 
And that the remaining one-twelfth part of the 
increase of the Revenues of the said Estates be 
applied and paid to the Receiver of the said 
Estates, until his salary or allowance amount 
to the sum of Three Pounds a year, besides his 
reasonable expenses. And that after the seve- 
ral augmentations and increases of the salaries 
or allowances aforesaid are made and paid, the 
residue of said increased Rents and Profits, if 
any shall be, shall from time to time, be put 
into the aforesaid iron chest, with three locks 
and three keys, and the same to remain in the 
same chest, until the same shall amount to the 
sum of Twenty Pounds. 

XIII. And it is further Ordered, Adjudged 
and Decreed, that the thirteenth Article be : 
That when the surplus or residue of the Rents 
and profits of the said premises, after the pay- 
ments aforesaid are made, shall amount to the 



THE FR^E SCHOOL. 317 

sum of Twenty Pounds, that then the Town 
Clerk of Newark aforesaid, do cause public 
notice to be given on a Sunday, immediately 
after divine service, of a meeting to be had by 
the Vicar, Mayor, first senior Alderman, and 
four Churchwardens of the Church of Newark 
aforesaid, for the time being, or the major 
part of them, whereof the Vicar or Mayor for 
the time being, to be one of them, for the dis- 
position of such surplus or residue ; which 
meeting shall always be on some day within a 
fortnight after such surplus shall amount to the 
said sum of Twenty Pounds, in the body of the 
Church of Newark aforesaid, between the 
hours of nine and ten of the clock in the morn- 
ing of the same day ; at which meeting, the 
Vicar, Mayor, first senior Alderman, and four 
Churchwardens, or the major part of them 
then present, whereof the Vicar or Mayor to 
be one, are, by writing, under their hands, to 
direct and appoint the payment and applica- 
tion of such residue or surplus in repairing or 
beautifying the Church, or some other good 
work or works for the common good and weal 
of the said town of Newark, as thev shall 



318 THE FREE SCHOOL. 

think most necessary and convenient, and most 
agreeable to the donation and intention of the 
said Thomas Magnus. And that they do cause 
such order and directions to be fairly tran- 
scribed into a book, to be provided for that 
purpose, and to be signed by them, and kept 
in the said chest. And in case there shall be 
an equal division of the said persons present at 
such meeting, then they are to take unto them 
the two Masters of the said Grammar and Song 
Schools for the time being, and the two Alder- 
men of the said town next in seniority, who, 
together with the persons that shall be so pre- 
sent as aforesaid, or the major part of them, 
shall determine the same. * 

£. $. d. 
The original Rental of Mr. Magnus* Estates, 

in 1531, 42 8 4 

The Rental of ditto, inl768,.... 396 17 8 

The Everton&Mattersey Estates,.. 1818,.... 2097 4 

The Sandwath Estate, 1818,.... 385 

The Barnby Estate, . 1818,.... 42 

The Lincolnshire Estates are lost. 

* The addition of an even number to an even number, 
seems to be an odd method of providing for a determination 
by majority j but Law and Mathematics are two distinct 
things. 



THE FREE SCHOOL. 319 

PRESENT STATE OF THE FREE SCHOOL. 

On the decease of the Rev. Davies Pennell, 
in 1814, the Rev. J. B. Wittenoom, from 
Brazen Nose College, Cambridge, was appoint- 
ed Grammar School Master, who in the year 
1818, made numerous additions to the original 
building, by erecting a very large and com- 
modious school room, converting the late one 
into a habitable dwelling, and raising an entire- 
ly new suite of rooms in front, with many other 
contiguous improvements. 

Mr. Wittenoom's success in his most arduous 
undertaking, of applying Dr. Bell's mode of 
tuition to the classics, has hitherto been, 
deservedly, unequalled; and clearly evinces 
that the clouds of ignorance and bigotry, which 
have too long shrouded the horizon of educa- 
tion, are at length diverberated and dispersing 
before the all powerful sun of reason. The 
discerning public are entitled to the highest 
honor through cherishing this attempt to 
emancipate the youthful mind from those 
sombrous shackles by which, for centuries it 



320 THE FREE SCHOOL. 

has been enthralled. Mr. Wittenoom has pass- 
ed the Rubicon, every succeeding hour is his 
powerful auxiliary and conviction with decided 
aspect brings up his rear. Man is no longer 
to be fooled out of the operative evidence of 
his senses, the day is past and never to return.* 

* In the year 1757, on a dispute arising concerning an 
election of the two Commoners, a case was drawn, and laid 
before George Perrott, Esq. of the Inner Temple, for his 
opinion upon the several allegations therein contained. 
Numerous, and as it appeared to Mr. Perrott, frivolous in 
some instances, were the queries in this application; one 
however seems to deserve particular notice, as it tends to 
fehew the strange difference between man and man. — " That 
the said Master doth now not only receive the said salary 
of £40 a year as Grammar Schoolmaster, with a good house 
to live in, but also a further salary of £20 a year paid out of 
the saidPhillipott's estate, as Usher of the said School, though 
he so shamefully neglects the said School, that he has now 
only about ten scholars out of the whole parish of Newark" 

The Seminary now consists of 30 day scholars, besides 
92 boarders. 






THE 



HISTORY OF THE TOWN 



OF 



Uetoavft upon ftvtuU 



In the County of Nottingham , 



COMPRISING 



AN ACCOUNT OF ITS ANTIQUITIES, 



EDIFICES, PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS, CHARITIES, 



CHARTERS, ETC. 



BY RICHARD PHILLIPS S HILTON 



PART II. 



NEWARK: 
Printed and sold by S. and J 4 Ridge; 

SOLD ALSO BY 
S. RIDGE, GRANTHAM ; AND BALDWIN, CRADOCK, AND JOY 
PATERNOSTER-ROW, LONDON. 

1820. 



CONTENTS 

OF PART II. 



page 
Extract from the Will of Robert Brown, 321 

William Phillipott, 332 

Sales of Brown's and Phillipott 9 s Estates, 363 

Town Hall, 367 

Charitable Donations, 377 

Address to the Parishioners of Newark 

upon Trent, 1748, 437 

Guilds or Ancient Corporations, 488 

Incorporation of the Town of Newark, . . 443 

Representatives in Parliament, t . . . 456 

Ancient Topography of Newark, ...... 461 

Ancient Inns, 466 

— Paving, # 486 

Workhouse, 489 

Present State of Newark, 499 

Troop of Cavalry, 504 

Volunteers, 507 



IV CONTENTS OP PART II. 

Hercules Clay, page 515 

Coincidental Fatalities, 517 

Ordination concerning the Vicarage, .... 527 

Dissenting Chapels, 536 

Associated Schools, 536 

Banks, 539 

Increase of Commerce at Newark, 540 

Brewery, 542 

Theatre, 543 

Old Bowling Green, 544 

New Bowling Green, 545 

Haling-path Bridge, 545 

Brown's Tomh, 547 

Taxes, 548 

Index. 



321 



EXTRACT FROM THE WILL Of 

ROBERT ttROWN, OF NEWARK UPON TRENT, 
In the County of Nottingham, Esq. 

TOUCHING HIS DONATION TO THE SAID TOWN, 
Bearing date Sept. 4th, 1532, and 24 Hen. VIII. 



Whereas, I have enfeoffed by my Deed 
indented tripartite, Robert Markham, Esq. 
Henry Sutton, of Averham, in the County of 
Nottingham, Esq. William Molyneux, of Hal- 
ton, in the said County, Gentleman ; Richard 
Bever cotes and Richard Lucas, of Neivark 
aforesaid, Gentlemen ; Lambert Watson, Ro- 
bert Curson, Thomas Lewyn, William Philipot, 
William Brynkeley, Hugh Gelston, Robert 
Jackson, William Younge, John Fulwood, 
Nicholson Tyxton, Hemy Wise, John Th/tck- 
er, and Thomas Spa?iyng, of Newark afore- 
said, Yeomen ; of and in all my Lands and 
Tenements, Rents, Reversions, Services and 



322 BROWN'S DONATION. 

Hereditaments, with their Appurtenances, as 
well in use as in possession, being Freehold or 
Charterhold, in the Town and Fields of New- 
ark, Northgate, nigh Newark , Balder ton and 
Codyngton ; to have and to hold the same un- 
to him the said Robert Markham, and his 
said Cofeoffees, and their Heirs, to and for 
the performance of my last Will and Testa- 
ment, J^Q it is now by these presents I will 
that the said Robert Markham, and his said 
Cofeoffees, their Heirs and Assigns, shall stand 
and be seized of and in the premises to the 
use of me the said Robert Brown, for the 
term of my natural life, without impeachment 
of waste; and immediately after my decease, 
of all the said Lands Tenements, and Heredi- 
taments, (except one Tenement called the 
Boore, in Castillgate, with a Garden or Gar- 
den-stead, and one Tenement in Milnegate) to 
the use and intent that my said Feoffees, their 
Heirs and Assigns, shall yearly, for the space 
of nineteen years next after my decease,* con- 

* The devise of Mr. Brown, that his Feoffees, should, 
yearly, for the space of nineteen years, &c. seem?, at first 
view, some what singular, but the reason of it is evident, 



BROWN'S DONATION. 323 

tent and pay to th$ Vicar of Newark aforesaid 
for the time being", and of his successors Vicars 
of Newark aforesaid ; or, in his or their 
default, to him that shall have the name of 
the Alderman of Trinity Gild there for the 
time being, all sums of money as shall be 
levied, perceived, or gathered of the Rents, 
Issues and Profits of the same Lands, Tene- 
ments and Hereditaments (except before ex- 
cepted) or else for the same nineteen years 
suffer the said Vicar and his successors, and 
Aldermen for the time being, to perceive, take, 
and have the same; to the intent that the same 
shall be employed, bestowed, and spent to the 
us$ of the commonwealth of the town of 

upon consideration had of the statute against supertitiouc 
uses, 23 Hen. VIII. Mr. Brown's Will bears date not six 
months after the commencement of that statute, which avoids 
certain uses if made to endure above the term of 20 years. 

Mr. Brown (as appears l>y his Epitaph; died December 
10th, 1532. Consequently the term of nineteen years would 
have expired by lapse of time in December, 1551. But the 
Lands were conveyed to the Alderman and Assistants, and 
their successors, within the term (viz. in the last year) as 
was agreeable to Mr. Brown's Will, if it should appear his 
Donation could be established by the Law. * 



324 BROWN'S DONATION. 

Newark aforesaid, whether it shall be to the 
reparation of the Church there, or any good 
works to be done in the said town of Newark, 
as mending of Highways, as it shall be thought 
most expedient from time to time by the 
direction of my Executors, or the Survivors 
of them; or by the Vicar of Newark aforesaid, 
or his successors Vicars there, and Aldermen 
of the Trinity Gild of Newark aforesaid for 
the time being. And in case my present Will 
and Testament may not by the law be made 
sure for ever within the said nineteen years 
for the continuance of my said Will, Intent 
and Purpose in the same ; then I Will that 
the next heir, immediately after the said 
nineteen years be passed, or as soon after the 
end of the said nineteen years as conveniently 
may be, my Executors, or the survivors or 
survivor of them ; or the Executors or Admi- 
nistrators of the survivor of them, or the Vicar 
of Newark for the time being, or the Prior of 
the Monastery of the Holy Trinity of Bevall 
in the County of Nottingham for the time 
being, shall bargain and sell all the said Lands, 
Tenements and Hereditaments (except before 



BROWNS DONATION. 325 

excepted) and the money thereof coming, to 
distribute and dispose for the benefit of my 
soul, and for the commonwealth of the 6aid 
town of Newark. 

April 30th, 1551, (5 Ed. VI.) 

By Deed Poll Robert Robinson, Iron- 
monger, and John Wilson, Mercer, both of 
Newark, for certain considerations them mo- 
ving, enfeoff William Blank, Robert Baxter, 
and John Key, of Newark, of and in all and 
singular the Messuages, Cottages, Lands, 
Tenements and Hereditaments following ; 
that is to say, 

Situation, 
One Tenement with a Garden and Selion, Barnby-gate. 

Twoditto, ditto. 

One ditto, „ Middle-gate. 

One ditto, Balderton-gate, 

Three Cottages and Garden, ditto. 

One Tenement and Croft, Carter-gate. 

One ditto, ditto. 

One Barn with a Croft, Beamond. 

One Barn, ditto. 

Lands, Tenements, Bam and Croft, in the 

Tenure of Richard Caluey, Milne-gat. 

One Tenement and Garden, ditto. 



326 



BROWN'S DONATION 



Situation. 

One Tenement and Garden, Castle-gate. 

One ditto, . . Coke-row. 

One ditto with a Shop, Garden and Barn, Stodmer-street, 

One ditto, ditto, ditto. 

Two Gardens called Saffern yard, ditto. 

Moiety of one Toft, called Cont Croft, Potter-dike. 

Three Tenements with each a Garden, . . . Kirk-gate. 
Two Messuages in the Tenure of John 

Corbridge, 

Land in Newark field, in the Tenure of 

John Corhridge, I Acre, 

One Tenement and Croft, North-gate. 

Land, lin the open fields and f 30 Acres, ditto. 
Meadow, {territories of the same, f 3 Acres, ditto. 

Three Cow Gates, in the Cow pasture,. . . ditto. 

One Tenement and Croft, ditto. 

Meadow and Pasture, 27 Acres, ditto. 

Two Cow Gates and a half, ditto. 

One Tenement with a Garden and Barn, ditto. 

One Tenement ........ ditto, ..... . . ditto. 

One Cottage with a Garden and one Selion 

of arable land, ditto. 

One Tenement, «... . . ditto. 

Meadow and Pasture, 40 Acres, ditto. 

Two Cow Gates, ditto. 

One Close of Pasture, by estimation 2 Acres ditto. 

Moiety of one Tenement, ditto. 

All which said Lands, Tenements and 
Hereditaments are situate and being in New- 



BROWN'S DONATION, 327 

Ark aforesaid, and in the territories and pre- 
cincts thereof. 

also, Situation, 

One Tenement and Croft, Coddington. 

Land and Meadow, 8 Acres, ditto. 

Land in the open Field, 10 Acres, .... Balderton. 

Moiety of a Tenement, ditto. 

Land, ditto. 

Total 2 Messuages, 4 Cottages, 22 Tenements, 5 Barns, 
1 Shop, 121 Acres of Land, besides others not specified, 
6 Crofts, 7f Cow Gates, 2 Selions and J a Toft. 

To have and to hold to them and their heirs 
to the use of them and their heirs. Livery of 
seisin was made the same day, as appears by 
the Indorsement. 

September 2nd, 1551, (5 Ed. VI.) 

By Deed Poll, Henry Sutton of Averham, 
Knt. Robert Markham of Spanby, in the 
County of Lincoln, Esq. William Phillpot of 
Newark, Merchant; Hugh Gelston of Newark, 
Draper; and John Thacker of Hull, Merchant; 
remise, release, and quit-claim to William 



328 BROWN'S DONATION. 

Blank, Robert Baxter, and John Key, and 
their heirs, all their right, &c. in Newark, 
Northgate, Coddington and Balderton, or else- 
where, in the County of Nottingham, formerly 
Robert Brown's, Esq. 

September 28, 1551, (5 Ed. VL) 

By Deed Poll William Blank, Tallow 
Chandler, Robert Baxter, School-master, and 
John Key, Ironmonger ; all of Newark, for 
certain considerations them moving {by the 
King's Licence first obtained) give, grant, and 
confirm to the Alderman and assistants, inhabit- 
ants of the town of Newark upon Trent, in 
the County of Nottingham, and to their suc- 
cessors, all &c. (being exactly the same 
Messuages, Cottages, Lands, &c. as were 
before given to Blank, Baxter and Key, by 
Robinson and Wilson, and described in their 
Deed) to have and to hold the same to the 
aforesaid Alderman and Assistants, inhabitants 
of the town of Newark aforesaid, and to their 
successors for ever. 



BROWN'S DONATION. 329 

REMARKS, 
BY AN ANONYMOUS AUTHOR WHO WROTE 

In the year 1748. 

" Robinson and Watson who enfeoffed 
Blank, Baxter and Key, stood not in any 
relation to Mr. Brown, either as his feoffees, 
heirs at law, or executors. Some of the 
surviving feoffees lived at a distance from 
Brown's lands; and to them it might have 
been inconvenient to make livery of seisin, 
which, at that time, was the usual method of 
conveyance. So Robinson and Watson, by 
advice, enter into the lands, as claiming title, 
and disseize the feoffees, whereby they gain a 
tortious and wrongful estate to them and their 
heirs; they then convey by feoffment to Blank, 
Baxter and Key, who being thus in seizin and 
possession, the surviving feoffees release to 
them all their right, &c. After which Blank, 
&c. convey to and settle the estate in the 
Corporation/' 

The yearly rent roll, a* it stood in 1768, 

was ^178. ISs. 6ct. 

v 



330 BROWN'S DONATION. 

DECREE. 

January 13th, 1738. 

His Lordship by a decree consisting of nine 
articles confirmed the Will of Robert Brown y 
against the Corporation, with full costs of suit. 

Art. 1. The receiver to be chosen by the 
Vicar and Mayor, but if they shall not agree, 
or one of them be absent, the senior Alderman 
and two of the Churchwardens chosen by the 
parishioners shall be called in. 

Art. 2. The receiver to deposit the money 
in an iron chest, with three locks and three 
keys. 

Art. 3. To account the first of January 
yearly, before the Vicar and Mayor, and if 
they shall not agree, or either be absent, the 
senior Alderman and two of the Church- 
wardens, chosen by the parishioners to be 
called in. The accompt to be signed by the 
Trustees, and kept in the chest. 

Art. 4. The money to be applied towards 
the repairs of the Church, or such othfer good 






BROWN'S DONATION. 331 

works for the common weal of the town as 
shall be more agreeable to Brown's donation. 

Art. 5. The directions touching the 
application of such Money to be transcribed 
into a book, signed, and deposited in the chest. 

Art. 6. Leases of any part of the property 
not to exceed 21 years, and to be let at the 
best value. 

Art. 7. Ten days notice to be given of 
such letting, which shall be in the body of 
the Church, and to the best bidder; provided 
the security for the payment of rent is approved 
by the Vicar and Mayor. 

Art. 8. Leases to pass under the Corpora- 
tion Seal, and the hands and seals of the Mayor 
or Vicar. Counter parts of such Leases to be 
kept in the chest. 

Art. 9. The Receiver's salary to be 40*. 
a year. 



y2 



332 



EXTRACT FROM THE WILL OF 

WILLIAM PHILLIPOT, OF NEWARK UPON TRENT, 
In the County of Nottingham, Merchant; 

TOUCHING HIS DONATION TO THE SAID TOWN, 

Bearing* date March 18, 1556, 
And 3rd and 4th Philip and Mary. 



I do give to Elizabeth Phillipot my wife, 
for her dowry and thirds of my Lands, all 
these Lands, Rents and Tenements, with their 
Appurtenances, as hereafter shall appear, du- 
ring her life natural. First, 



Yearly Rent. 
£. 5. d. 



e. 



6 13 4 



One Tenement wherein I do dwell, some time. 

called the Ram, with all the edifications and 

buildings in as ample and large manner as 

do now occupy the same, 
One other Tenement in Middlegate, in the^ 

occupation of Harry Houghton, J 2 

One Cottage in ditto, William Modie, 6 8 

One other Tenement in ditto, Chist. Braforth, 6 
One great Garden in ditto, Self, 13 

One Cottage in Cdstlegate, John Blacktoft, 6 



PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 333 

Yearly Rent. 
£. s. d. 

Three Leys & Headland in ditto, (Barbor Closures) 10 

Two ditto open, in ditto, Roger Batheline, 

One Cottage in Middlegate, John Herringham, 4 

One other ditto in ditto, John Heithcote, 4 

One ditto ditto, in ditto, George Golland, 10 



In all by the year 11 14 



2fin& fUttfjer, I will that all the aforesaid 
Lands, Tenements, and Closures, with all 
their Appurtenances, immediately after the 
decease of the said Elizabeth Phillipot my 
wife, do remain, wholly to the Alderman and 
the twelve Assistants, inhabitants of the town 
of Newark upon Trent aforesaid, and to their 
successors for ever, in such sort as I shall fur- 
ther declare hereafter by this my present last 
Will and Testament. 

THE BEAD HOUSE. 

3filtiJ tof)£tta& of late I have at my proper 
costs and charges made, erected, builded, 
finished and set up, one House, with a Chapel 
in the same, in Coddington-lane> within the 



334 PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 

town of Newark aforesaid ; which House and 
Chapel I made to be an Alms-house, for the 
continual ease, finding and lodging of jive 
poor men to be therein lodged, found and 
eased from time to time, and from age to 
age for ever : to the intent that such jive poor 
men, for the time being, shall and may con- 
tinually for ever pray for the good and prosper- 
ous estate of the King and Queen's Majesties 
that now be, and of the heirs and successors 
of the same Queen, for the prosperity, tran- 
quillity and peace of this realm of England ; 
and for the souls of our late Sovereign Lords 
King Henry the Eighth, and King Edward the 
Sixth; and for our said Sovereign Lady the 
Queen, after her departure out of this transi- 
tory life ; for my soul and my wife's soul, and 
all Christian souls ; which my purpose, as I 
assuredly trust it doth stand with the pleasure 
of Almighty God, so minding to have the same 
established and provided to have continuance 
for ever. 



THILLIPOT'S DONATION. 335 

ENDOWMENT. 

Qfytttfott I Will and Devise, Give and 
Bequeath by these Presents, unto the Alder- 
man and the twelve Assistants, inhabitants of 
the town of Newark upon Trent aforesaid, 
and to their successors for ever, all and singu- 
lar the said House and Chapel last above 
rehearsed, together with all easements back- 
sides, profits, commodities, and pleasures, 
thereunto appertaining with the appurtenan- 
ces. SfiltJ) also, all and singular these other 
Messuages, Cottages, Lands, Tenements, 
Rents, and other Hereditaments, hereafter 
ensuing, that is to say, — 

Yearly Rent. 
£. s. d. 
One Tenement in Newark aforesaid in the Pave-\ 

ment, in the occupation of Robert Ho wesse, \ 2 10 

One Garden i n Coddington-lane, J 

One Tenement in the Pavement , in the occupa-^ 

tion of Robert Chambers, Smith, > 2 13 i 

One Garden in Balderton-gate y ditto, J 

One Tenement on the Brigge, in the occupation 1 

of Robert Thornton, Corvysser, > 14 

One Tenement in Balder tong ate, in the occupa- 1 

tion of Robert Claic, Tyler, . . . . ^ £ 2 



>2 



7 
8 



336 FHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 

Yearly Rent. 
£. s. d. 

One Tenement adjoining ditto, John Auclaie, 4 
One piece of Ground in North gate, John Parker, 4 
One ditto, ditto, ditto, 6 

One Chief Rent out of a Tenement ditto, John 

Leminge, Pewterer, 
One ditto ditto, Stodmer-street, Robert Ringe- 

stone, Corvysser, 
One Cottage in Barnby-gate, Richard Crabtree, '030 
One Cottage in ditto, Richard Aumbrie, 4 

One Cottage ditto, Christ. Shaklocks, 7 

One Cottage ditto, Roger Langton, 3 

One Cottage ditto, William Sawtree, 4 

One Chief Rent out of a Tenement ditto, William 

Townshend, 
One ditto or obit rent ditto, ditto, Roger Hogen, 3 2 
One Tenement in Stoke, William Ellat, 19 8 

Certain Land and Meadow (Copyhold) Farndon, ") 

John Arnale, f 

One Tenement, North Muskham, Robert Sibson, 6 
One Cottage ditto, John Coll, 5 

One Manor House ditto, John Bradlaie, "J 

Four Cottages ditto, ditto, > 3 7 

One Tenement ditto, William Holmes, 15 4 



} 



I 



6 



In all by the year 17 6 

3Qnb ai$0, where heretofore I have given 
to Elizabeth my wife, during her life natural, 



PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 337 

nine acres of meadow and one rood, lying in 
the meadows of Holme aforesaid, now in mine 
own occupation, which was purchased of 
Gregory Barton, and is of the yearly rent of 
Forty Shillings ; I will that immediately after 
the decease of the said Elizabeth my wife, the 
said nine acres of meadow and one rood re- 
main unto the Alderman and the twelve 
Assistants, inhabitants of Newark, and their 
successors for ever, towards the maintenance 
of the Alms-house, and the lands and other 
charges belonging to the said Alms-house. In 
all, the rents appertaining to the Alms-house, 
with the said Forty Shillings in reversion. 
£ 19 Os. 6d. 

CO f)a\JC and to hold all and singular the 
said Messuages, Cottages, Lands, Tenements, 
Rents and other Hereditaments, with ali and 
singular the Appurtenances, immediately and 
forthwith after my death, of the yearly rent as 
is aforesaid ; and also the aforesaid reversion 
of Forty Shillings yearly, immediately after 
the death of Elizabeth Phillipot my vvih, to 
the aforesaid Alderman and twelve Assistants 



338 PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 

inhabitants of Newark aforesaid, and to their 
successors for ever, upon 

Contrition : 

That they the said Alderman and Assist- 
ants, their successors, and every one of them, 
shall yearly for ever use, order, rule and govern 
all and singular the said five poor men, and the 
said Messuages, Cottages, Lands, Tenements, 
Rents and Hereditaments, with their Ap- 
purtenances. And also shall yearly for ever 
dispose, employ, and bestow all and singular 
the Rents, Issues and Profits of all the said 
Messuages, Lands, Tenements, and other Pre- 
mises, to and for such uses, intents and pur- 
poses ; and in such manner, form and order, 
as I have hereafter, in this my present last 
Will and Testament, devised, willed, ordained 
and declared, that is to say, jpM$t, I will and 
declare, that the said Messuage and Chapel 
by me late erected, builded and set up in Cod- 
dington-lane aforesaid, within Newarke, with 
all and singular the Appurtenances shall from 
henceforth for ever continue and be an Alms- 



PHILLrPOTS DONATION. 339 

HoasB for five poor men, there to have their 
ease, lodging and finding, as I have hereafter 
in these Presents willed and declared. 

Item, I Will that Robert Spicer, John Hart- 
late, -f" -f- -j- now being within the said 
Alms-house, of my nomination and putting 
in, shall there have their continual ease for 
and during their natural lives. And if all or 
any of them shall happen to die or decease, or 
from any notable crime or fault, shall be re- 
moved or evoided from the said Alms-house, 
during my said wife her life then I Will, and 
my mind is, that my said wife, during her 
natural life, shall from time to time nominate, 
and have the nomination and putting in of so 
many other poor men as shall and may suffice 
to supply the room or rooms of such of the said 
five poor men, as shall so happen to die, or be 
removed from the said Alms-house. 

2filtb after the decease of my said w T ife, I 
Will that the Alderman of Newarke for that 
time being, by and with advice of his brethren 
the Assistants, of the twelve Coadjutors, of the 



340 PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 

Vicar of Newarke, for the time being, and of 
tivo other honest persons of the Commons of 
the said town, to be elected and chosen by the 
said Alderman and Assistants, and their Suc- 
cessors, shall from time to time for ever have 
the nomination, election, putting in and re- 
moving of the said Jive poor men into, and 
from the said Alms-house. And I will it 
that the said Alms-house shall at no time 
hereafter lack the said full and whole number 
oi five poor men by the space of one month 
together. 

RELIGIOUS DUTIES. 

&lj?0 I will and ordain, that every of the 
said^e poor men shall daily, within the 
Chapel of the said Alms-house, devoutly 
kneeling, say together with audible voices, 
three Paternosters, three Ave Marias, and one 
Creed in the honour of the most holy and 
blessed Trinity, three persons and one God, 
And after that forthwith shall also say with 
like audible voices, five Paternosters, five 
Ave Marias, and one Creed, in the worship 



PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 341 

and reverence of the five wounds of our Savi- 
our Jesus Christ, humbly praying and devout- 
ly beseeching Almighty God, by the merits of 
the dear passion of his Son, our blessed Saviour 
and Redeemer, to keep this Realm of England 
in prosperity and peace, to preserve the King's 
and Queen's Majesties, and the Successors of 
the said Queen, in his faith, fear and love, 
and to have mercy upon my soul, my wife's 
soul, and all christian souls. 

REQUISITES FOR ADMISSION. 

3&tQtUi)Ctl always, and be it foreseen, that 
there be none admitted unto the rooms of the 
saidyfoe poor men, unto my said Alms-house, 
but such poor men as be very aged, impotent, 
blind or lame ; or such as be in no kind other- 
ways able to labour for their living. 

RECEIVERS. 

3Uij$Q I will and ordain, that the two 
Cliamberlains of Newarke, for the time being, 
shall collect and gather up yearly, as well all 
the Rents and Revenues of all and singular the 



342 PHlLLlPOT'S DONATION. 

aforesaid Lands, Messuages, Cottages, and all 
other the Premises appointed unto the said 
Alms-house, but also make such yearly pay- 
ments, and do such Charges, as hereafter I 
shall appoint to be paid and done ; as also to 
see that the Reparations he yearly done forever, 
both upon the said Alms-house, and also of 
all other Lands, Cottages and Tenements, ap- 
pertaining to the same. 

TO ACCOUNT YEARLY. 

^JltCOt, I will that the said Chamberlains 
for the time being, the next morrow after that 
they do accompt for the Town's Lands of New- 
arke, shall make and bring in a just accompt 
within the said council chamber of the School- 
house, before the Alderman, his Brethren, 
and as many of the Coadjutors as will come, 
the Vicar of the same town, (if he be present 
within the town) and also before two wise and 
discreet Men of the Commoners of the same 
town, such as shall be elected and named, as 
well by me before my departure from this 
transitory world, during their lives, and also 



PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 343 

such as $t)atf be elected, nominated, and ap- 
pointed after my departure, by the ivhole of 
the Commoners of the same town yearly for 
ever, with the full consent of the Alderman 
for the time being, and the most part of his 
Brethren. &Q that the said two Commoners 
be neither of the twelve Assistants, nor neither 
of the twelve Coadjutors. And also being elect 
and chosen, I will that the said two Com- 
moners be made privy, yearly with the Alder- 
man and his Brethren for the time being for 
ever, of the yearly Accompts made by the said 
Chamberlain, as well of all the Receipts of the 
aforesaid Lands, Rents and Tenements, and 
other Hereditaments ; and of all other Lands 
and Tenements given by me to any use within 
the said town of Newarke aforesaid ; as pay- 
ments going out of the same ; and likewise to 
be made privy, and of Council of all such sums 
of money as shall be left and spared in the end 
of their said Accompts." 

SURPLUS. 

The surplus money arising from the Ae- 
compt to be put into a Chest in the Council- 



344 PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 

Chamber, with four Locks and Keys; the 
Alderman, the Vicar, and the two Common- 
ers, each keeping one Key. 

APPLICATION OF SURPLUS. 
s. d. 

20 A year, to be paid quarterly, to each of 
of the said five poor men. 
6 8 A year, for the purchase of black cloth, 
to make a gown or frock, for each 
of the said poor men, large and wide 
to keep them warm; the making also 
to be paid for. 

26 8 Yearly to be laid out in Coal and 

Fire-wood, to be burned by the said 

five poor men, in the common hall of 

the said Alms-house. To be brought 

in free of carriage. 

40 Yearly, by quarterly payments, Co. the 
Usher of the Grammar-school, for his 
extra trouble in teaching the Pettits, 
or minor Scholars. 

20 Yearly to the Alderman, at the making 
up of his Accompt, for his trouble, 
3 4 Yearly to the Vicar, if present. 



PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 345 

5. d . 

13 4 Yearly to each of the two Commoners. 
13 4 to be detained by the two Cham- 
berlains, for the payment of chief 
rent, and casual expenses. 
3 4 Yearly to the Auditor. 
6 8 (and no more) for an honest Breakfast* 
upon the accompt day. 

DISPOSAL OF THE RESIDUE. 

The money so remaining to be applied only 
to the uses of and maintenance and good repair 

* Without doubt Mr. Phillipot was a discreet and sober 
man, and well knew the adage, that "one hour in the morn- 
ing is worth two in the afternoon,'* Here are 1 Alderman, 
12 Assistants, 12 Coadjutors, 2 Commoners, 2 Chamberlains 
and others, between 30 and 40 people, ordered to do busi- 
ness on a morning, over a paltry, limited, honest six and 
eight penny breakfast. Oh fie Mr. Phillipot ! Neverthe- 
less it may fairly be presumed, that whilst the honest break- 
fast continued, the houses continued in good repair; and 
that it was not till after " rumps and dozens" "haunches 
and saddles" with business doing dinners, came into vogue, 
that " the premises had become ruinous in the hands of 
the lessees," and the Mayor and Aldermen, as says a 
certain author, wisely determined to sell them. Oh what a 
luss to the town of Newark was the discontinuance of that 
Iwfcst bieak/)(\/ ' 

I 



346 PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 

of the said Alms-house, and of the other 
Lands and Tenements belonging to the same, 
when, and as often as need shall require. 

NEWARK ESTATES IN REMAINDER. 
(Yearly Value ^11 Us.) 

The Aldermen, three of his most sober and 
discreet brethren, the Vicar, and the two 
Commoners, directed, in one year from the 
death of the said Elizabeth Phillipot, to expend 
the sum of Five Pounds, part of the said rents, 
every year unto the world's end, in paving 
within the town of Newark, in the most need- 
ful Places and Stedes. 

The stones to be used for such paving not 
to be taken from Beacon- hill, but from Cod- 
dingtonjield. 



The surplus of £Q. 14s. directed to be 
applied towards the maintenance of the Alms- 
house, and reparation of the other premises.. 
And if there shall be any thing spared, them 
whatever is so spared, it shall be taken and 



PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 347 

employed towards the fifteenth and tenths, or 
other like charges of the said toivn, as the most 
need shall require. 

The Meadow at Holme to be laid to the 
Manor-house at North Muskham, and the 
yearly rent applied to the use of the Alms- 
house and other premises. 

Mr. Phillipot, died soon after the making 
of his Will, and was buried at Newark in the 
same aisle as Mr. Brown. 

DECREE, Jan. 13, 1738. 

His Lordship by a Decree consisting of 
Twenty Articles, confirmed the Will of 
William Phillipot, against the Corporation, 
with full costs of suit. 

The Decree was comprehended under 20 
Articles ; an Abridgment of which is as 
follows. 

Art. 1. Alms-men to be chosen by the 
Mayor and Aldermen, 12 Persons, in lieu of 

z2 



348 PHlLLtPOT'S DONATION. 

the 12 Coadjutors, the Vicar and two Com- 
moners. 

Art. 2. A Reader to be chosen, from the 
Alms-men, and if not any of them are capable 
of performing that Office, then some poor man 
of Newark to be chosen. 

Art. 3* Notice of the choice of Alms-men 
or Reader, to be given the first Sunday after 
the vacancy, and the choice to be made on the 
Friday following in the body of the Church. 

Art. 4. Choice of the 12 persons, who 
must be skilful and honest men, paying to the 
Church and poor of Newark, in lieu of the 12 
Coadjutors mentioned in the Will, to be made 
by the Mayor and Aldermen, in the body of 
the Church. 

In case of vacancy by death, removal, or 
leaving the town, four days' notice, at least, 
must be given, on a Sunday , as to replacing 
the same. 

Art. 5. The Mayor and Aldermen to elect 
two Commoners out of four, to be nominated 
by the town, as assistants in the management 
of the charity; this appointment to be during 
life, instead of annually as heretofore. 



PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 349 

Art. 6. No Fines to be taken on any 
Leases granted of the said Estates. No Leases 
nor any part of the Estate to let, without the 
consent of the Mayor and Aldermen. 

Ten days' notice to be given on a Sunday, 
of such letting*. 

Art. 7. Estate to be let in the body of the 
Church, to the best bidder 3 provided the 
Mayor and Aldermen approve the security for 
payment of rent. 

Art. 8. In the report, to be entirely omit- 
ted. 

Art. 9. The sum of £0 to be ordered 
yearly on Easter Tuesday by the Mayor, three 
senior Aldermen, the Vicar, and two Com- 
moners ; or if they neglect to attend, to be 
applied by the Surveyors of the Highways, for 
paving the streets. 

Art. 10. The Chamberlains to pay as after 
mentioned, until the leases now subsisting 
shall expire. 

Art. 11. Is. 6d. weekly, on a Saturday 
to each Alms-man. 6d. weekly, on a Saturday 
to the Reader. 

Art. 12. 20s. annually on Christmas-day, 



350 PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 

to be expended in the purchase of a black 
gown and other apparel to each Bead-man. 

Art, 13. 40s. annually, between Midsum- 
mer and Michaelmas to be expended in Coal 
for the use of the Bead-men. 

Art. 14. 20s. annually to the Mayor on 
Michaelmas-day (Sep. 29). 40s. annually to 
the Usher of the Grammar School. 3s. 4d. 
annually to the Vicar, if present at the passing 
the accompts. 6s. 8d. annually to each of the 
two Commoners. 

Art. 15. 13s. 4d. annually to be retained 
by the Chamberlains. 

6s. 8d. annually for a breakfast* upon the 
accompt day. 

Art. 16. £ 5. annually on Easter Tuesday 
to the Surveyors of the Highways for paving. 

Art. 17. The Chamberlains, after a week's 
notice to put the surplus, in the presence of 
the Mayor, Vicar and senior Church-wardens 
into an Iron Chest. 



* It is not unworthy of remark that the words " no 
more" and "hones?* are omitted in the Decree. Mr. 
Phillipot was a Merchant, Chancellor Yorke a Lwd \ 



PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 351 

Art. 18. The said Iron Chest to have four 
Locks and four Keys. 

Art. 19. To be wholly omitted. 

Art. 20. The Chamberlains to account on 
the 8th of January, yearly, before the Mayor, 
Aldermen, Vicar, two Commoners and the 
twelve persons chosen in lieu of the Coadjutors. 

The present skilful and honest men in 
authority, are 

Mr. James Thorp, Wharfinger, 

— James Wilson, Gent, 

— Thomas Wilson, Brazier. 

— William Caparn, Malster. 

— Samuel Ridge, Bookseller. 

— John Hole, Draper. 

— Robert Hilton, Merchant. 

— John Lawton, Innholder. 

— Thomas Becket, Draper, 

— Walter Hare, Maltster. 

— Isaac Barber, Gunsmith. 

Vacant — (Edward Salmon, Miller, deceased.) 

The present, two tvise and discreet men, 
acting as Commoners, are 

Mr. John Wilkinson, Saddler. 

— William Smith, Confectioner. 



352 PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 

His Lordship also made a further ORDER 
as to the Augmentation and Increase of the 
said Phillipot's Charity. 

Art. 1. Surplus to be kept for rebuilding, 
enlarging and further endowing the Alms- 
house. 

Art. 2. Improvement in the Rents to be 
disposed of as follows, viz. — to be laid up 
until the same, with the surplus, amount to 
^250. for rebuilding and enlarging the Alms- 
house to contain 15 poor persons. The build- 
ing to be directed by the Mayor and Aldermen 
and two Commoners. 

Art. 3. Notice to be given of meeting to 
direct the rebuilding and enlarging the Alms- 
house. 

Art. 4. •— parts to be applied to increase 
each Alms or Beads-man's salary to ^6. 

Art. 5. -- parts to be applied to increase 

1 jJ 

the Usher's salary to ^20. 

Town Clerk to be Auditor of the accompts, 
and his salary to be increased from 3s. 4d. to 
20s. 



PHILLIPOTS DONATION. 35o 

Art. G. Ten poor persons to be added and 
to be allowed yearly as the others. 

Art. 7 Fi ye of the additional persons to 
be poor old women, to live separate in the said 
Alms-house from the said poor men, and for 
preventing any improper and irregular inter- 
course between them* 

Art. 8. The Chamberlain's salary to be 
increased to £ 4. 

A meeting on the 2nd of January, yearly, 
by the Mayor and Aldermen and two Com- 
moners for disposing of the surplus, as is most 
agreeable to Phillipot's intent for the common 
good of the town. 

ORIGIN OF THE SUIT IN CHANCERY, 

In the preface to a pamphlet published in 
the year 1768, entitled, " A Discourse addressed 
to the Inhabitants of Newark against the 
misapplication of Public Charities, By the 
Reverend Bernard Wilson, D. D. Vicar of 
Newark, and Prebendary of Worcester." 
The Writer makes the following statement. 

* Vide. Requisites for Admission. 



354 PHILLIPOTS DONATION. 

" I have been strongly and frequently 
solicited by the Inhabitants of Newark to 
preach a Sermon against the misapplication of 
the Public Charities, which have been left to 
this Town ; but being incapacitated by an ill 
state of health from complying with their 
requests, I persuaded myself, that I should 
answer their charitable designs more effectual- 
ly by a plain discourse from the Press, than 
by the most elaborate one from the Pulpit, 
which might make a short impression upon 
the auditors, and help to furnish out a little 
conversation for a day or two, and then (con- 
formably to the fate, which I fear too often 
attends upon the most important Truths 
delivered in that place) might become in a 
short time, either obliterated by dissipation, or 
overwhelmed by self-interest. But a Discourse 
in Print will always be ready for their perusal 
and attention, whenever they are most disposed, 
or have the most occasion to turn to it ; and 
particularly at those appointed times, when the 
Trustees of the several Charity estates are 
directed by the Decrees and by the Benefactors 
fco apply the Rents to such and such Purposes \ 



PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 355 

and in case of any misapplication, they may 
with all decent expostulations be publicly 
reminded of their Duties, which many of them 
are bound by their Oaths to discharge with all 
Fidelity." 

" I must own, that the said Inhabitants in 
their applications to me on so important an 
occasion, might well expect to find me 
zealously inclined to come into their proposal, 
as I had been, through the Providence of God, 
a most happy instrument above Thirty Years 
ago in making a full a clear Discovery of three 
very considerable Charity Estates, which had 
been left by Messrs. Magnus and Broivn, in 
the Reign of Henry VIIL, and by Mr. Phil- 
lipot in that of Philip and Mary, towards the 
Repairs of the Church of Newark (which has 
all the spaciousness and grandeur of a 
Cathedral) towards mending the High-ways 
in the Streets, towards the Maintenance of an 
Alms-house, and other good Works for the 
Common Good and Weal of the said Town ; 
but all the Rents of the said Estates, which 
now (1768) amount to upwards of seven him- 



856 PHILLIPOTS DONATION. 

dred pounds a year, by some means or other, 
accidentally or artfully, I cannot say, had got 
into the hands of the then Mayor and Aldermen 
of Newark, who applied them as their own 
lawful Properties, in support of their own 
dignity, in sumptuous entertainments, and 
other purposes, according to their own will 
and pleasure. But I had no sooner discovered 
the rights of the Parish to the said three 
Estates, than I laid before the said Mayor und 
Aldermen, the copies of the Indenture of Mr. 
Magnus, and the two Wills of Messrs. Brown 
and Phillipot, which they had hid in a chest 
in their own eustody, amidst a vast heap of use- 
less papers ; and being unwilling to come to an 
open rupture with them, I entreated them for 
a whole year together to deliver up the Rents 
of the said Estates to the Trustees directed by 
the said Benefactors, for the common good of 
the Town ; but they could not be prevailed upon 
to part with their beloved power and treasure : 
whereupon I thought it incumbent upon me 
to join with a number of very worthy Inhabi- 
tants in bringing the Cause into Chancery, 
which was heard before the Right Honorable 



PHILLIPOT'8 DONATION. 357 

Lord Talbot, at that time Lord High Chancel- 
lor, a personage distinguished by his noble 
spirit, unbiassed integrity, and quick appre- 
hension ; who examined me very closely upon 
several points in open Court, and having put 
other questions of importance to the Counsel 
on both sides, in less than six hours decreed 
the validity of Mr. Magnus' Indenture, and the 
Wills of Messrs. Brown and Phillipot, in fa- 
vour of the Parish of Newark against the said 
Corporation, with full Costs of Suit. This De- 
cree was afterwards confirmed, and several 
very useful Regulations added to it by his suc- 
cessor the Earl of Hardwicke, who was re- 
markable for his calmness of temper, his exact 
judgment, and the singular pains which he 
took to determine all Causes, which were 
brought before him, with the strictest equity 
and impartiality." 

"The very sincere regard, which I shall al- 
ways preserve for the welfare of the Inhabit- 
ants of Newark, has induced me to lay open 
in the fullest manner, the re-establishment of 
their just Rights to the said Three Estates: 



358 PHILLIPOTS DONATION. 

And in this work I engaged the more readily ^ 
that, if ever it shall appear, that the said Wills 
and Decrees are violated, the Parishioners may 
find a certain remedy by an application to the 
Court of Chancery, which will take the pro- 
perest measures to correct such insults and 
abuses, especially as they are the more auda- 
cious and the more criminal, when committed 
in contempt of the above-mentioned Decrees, 
grounded upon the clearest intentions of the 
Benefactors." 

The Reverend Author, at the close of his 
particularization of Mr. Phillipot's Charity, 
makes the following remarks. " Here it may 
be necessary to set forth, what was the Intent 
of Mr. Phillipot, and what Adjudged to be the 
most conducive to the Common Good, which I 
shall explain to you from the words of his own 
Will. " If there shall be any thing spared, I 
Will, that the said Money so spared and left, 
shall be employed and taken towards the 
Tenths and Fifteenths, or other like Charges of 
the said Town, as the most need shall require" 
" By the words Tenths and Fifteenths used in 



PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 359 

former days, we are either to understand the 
Tenth and Fifteenth part of the value, which 
had been anciently fixed upon any City, Hun- 
dred, Town and Village, or, as others appre- 
hend, the Tenths and Fifteenths of every man's 
personal Estate, according to a reasonable 
valuation : But in what sense soever we take 
the words, the plain meaning of Mr. Phillipot 
seems to be this ; that the Taxes, Assessments, 
and other like Charges * with which the Town 
of Newark may be burthened, should, by the 
application of his Rents be lessened or taken 
off, especially in those Articles, where the Load 
lies the heaviest on the Inhabitants ; or, in his 
own w r ords, " as the most need shall require." 

The Drift of this publication seems to have 
been a prevention of the Sales of Brown's and 
Phillipot's Estates, which, about this time 
began to be agitated. Evident it is, the in- 
tentions of the Testator's were not so ; but the 
wisdom of a British Parliament decreed other- 
tvise. 

* It is proper the Reader should bear in mind, the Poor'? 
Rates could not be under Mr. Phillipot's contemplation in 
the above, as not any such Assessment was made till many 
years afterwards. 



360 PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 

PRESENT STATE OF THE BEAD-HOUSE. 

Not any of the original building remains, 
excepting the Chapel, which is substantially 
pewed and sufficiently commodious for the 
number of its attendants. A thorough repair 
seems to have taken place about 60 years since, 
by an inscription at the upper end, 

Joseph Sikes, Mayor* 



Mr. Edward Smith, 
Mr. Thomas Haslam, 
Mr. John Clough, 
Mr. John Twentyman, 
Rev. Bernard Wilson, D. D 
Mr. William Wells, 

Aldermen, 1757. 



Mr. Timothy Rastall, 
Mr. Robert Spragging, 
Mr. Thomas Milnes, 
Mr. William Handler, 
Mr. John Smith, 



The Lord's Prayer, the Creed, and the ten 
Commandments, are inscribed on the walls : 
as also the following account of a benefactor. 

Mr. THOMAS SUMMERS, 

Who died August the seventh, 1708, in the 57th year of his 
age, leaving to the poor of this corporation, five hundred 
pounds, to be paid after the decease of his mother, accord- 
ing to his Will, out of his lands at Carlton upon Trent, to 
five Beadmen five shillings per week, and the other part re- 
maining to he given to the use of the other poor of the said 
corporation, upon Candlemas in every year for ever. 



PHILLIPOTS DONATION. 361 

The habitations, with the Chapel, enclose 
a quadrangular yard, which is kept in very 
neat condition. 

Over the central entrance, on stone tablets 
is cut, 

This Alms house was founded and endowed by William Phil- 
lipot, Merchant, and Alderman of this town, in his life-time, 
in the year 1556, for five poor men, and was afterwards re- 
built and further endowed by an increase of the rents of the 
said Mr. Phillipot's estate, for five additional poor men, and 
rive poor women, in the year 1756. 

GEORGE LAWRENCE, 

An Alderman of this Borough, by his Will dated 5th Decem- 
ber, 1797, bequeathed one thousand pounds to the Mayor 
and Aldermen, to be laid out in Government security, for the 
benefit of this charity. 

In front of the left wing. 

This Alms-house was enlarged and further endowed by an 
increase of rents of Mr. Phillpot's estate for five additional 
poor women, in the year 1783. 

Attendance in the Chapel every day in the 
week, excepting Wednesday. 

Present Reader, .... John Winne. 
A A 



362 PHILLIPOT'S DONATION. 

Allowance to the five Senior Beads-men 
5 shillings each, weekly. To the Juniors and 
Women 3 shillings each, weekly. 

A few years since the outside of the Chapel 
was coated with stucco. 



Rental, Valuation, &c. &c. ofrliament 



Names of Occupiers and Premises, 

Mr. Edward Cole, for a House and Tenements 

Elizabeth Wright, for a Stable, - 

John Farlby, for a House and Tenements, -Hall). 

Widow Page, for a House, - .upier, 

Mr. Couzins, for a piece of Ground, 

Widow Girton, for a Tenement, - 

John Wilkinson, for a Tenement, 

Mr. Alderman Handley, for a Tenement, 

Ditto, for a piece of Ground, 

Miss Broadhurst, for a House, 

Ditto, for two Tenements, - 

Ditto, for a piece of Ground, 

The Rev. M. Tomlinson, for a House, 

Mr. Richard Eastland, for a Garden, - 

Joseph Smaller, for a Close in the 

Matthew Hudson, for a Close near . 

A Tenement used as a Gaol for the said Borou 



; of Parliament^ passed in the Year 1773* 

iv tiers and Occupiers. 1819. 

iandley, Esq. Mr. .!• A. Jackson. 

Mlckhill, Mr. Brickhill, (Boar's Head). 

Efarker, Esq. W. Parker, Esq. 

M^hley, Esq. Mr Clover. 

Stttlfrey, Esq. Douse, Porter, & Burton. 

E^ nsdale, Bamsdale and two others. 

Mpdlebrookc, Mr. Peart and others. 

&is, Mr. Evison, (Duke of Wellington). 

Wsinson Corden, Mr. Robinson Corden, 

Mtthew Ha^e, Mr. Matthew Hage. 

W Barber and others. 
M w kwe!l, 

M { New castle, John Matlock and others. 

Mklinson's Execu Mr flaywood. 

Tluthrie, Mr. Huddleston and Mrs. Manners. 

Mjomas Derry, Mr. Thomas Derry. 

Jp)3> Brooke, Mr. rt'illiarn Thompson. 

jguBranston, Mr. J. Branston. 

Woadhurst, and Mr. T. A. Jackson, Owners & Occupiers.. 

EJradJey, Mr Page. 

Ridson, 

Rlstali, 

Jc 

M 

JC) & Kare, Mr. Wells and Mr. Cooke. 

Jc 

RiNall, Several Tenements. 

Mferrewest, Esq. Mr. Hunt, (Marquis of Granby). 

kild, Blundell, & Knap ton, Owners and Occupiers. 

Mbf Newcastle, Mr. Gask. 

Hf id diet on, Mr. J. A. Jackson. 

Lof Newcastle, Mr. Robert Peet. 

M 

Mof Newcastle, Miss House, Mr. Slater, & Mr. Chapman. 

Mfcodfrej , Ei q. Bell and others. 

M l a renements. 

Mc.»f N\ wcastle, J, Parnham and oth 

E: 

M 



Rental, Valuation, &c. 



, of Mr. PHILLIPOTT'S Estates in Newark, proposed to be sold by an Act of Parliament 
passed in the Year 1773. 



Names of Occupiers and Premises. 



Situation. Annual Rent. Val. 



Mr. Edward Cole, for a House and Tenements, - - Market place, 


2ti 


5 


Elizabeth Wright, for a Stable, - 


- Middlegat'e,.. 


. :s 


0. 


John Parlby, for a House and Tenements, 


- Market place, 


.. 5 


10 


Widow Page, for a House, - 


- Baldcrtongate 


. 7 


0. 


Mr. Couzins, for a piece of Ground, 


- Ditto, 


. 1 




Widow Girton. for a Tenement, - 


- Barnbygate,. 


.. 1 


6. 


John Wilkinson, for a Tenement, 


- Ditto, 


. 




Mr. Alderman Haudley, for a Tenement, 


- Ditto, 


. 3 


10. 


Ditto, for a piece of Ground, 


- Northgate, . . 


. 


7. 


Miss Broadhurst, for a House, 


- Castlegate, . . 


500 


0. 


Ditto, for two Tenements, - 


- Middlegate, . 


. 





Ditto, for a piece of Ground, 




.10 


5 


The Rev. M. Tomlinson, for a House, 


- Ditto 




Mr. Richard Eastland, for a Garden, - 


- Ditto, 


10. 


Joseph Smalley, for a Close in the 


- Lower Toney, 


.. 


10. 


Matthew Hudson, for a Close near . 


- Liucnln Line, . 


.. 3 


11. 


X Tenement used as a Gaol for the said Boro 


ugh, Dry Bridge, . . 


..0 


0. 



Purcltase. Owners 
£■ 

W. HUtou, Esq. 



nd Occupiers, 1819. 
Mr. Thomas Rumley. 



Corporation, Messrs. Moor & Betts, (Town Hall). 

.460 Mr. W. Smith, (Old King's Head) owner & occupio, 

Mr. James Wilson, Owner and Occupier, 
. 68 Mr. Abraham, Mr. Tenney. 

Ditto, Miss Watson. 

.170 Mr. Clay, 

W. F.Handley, Esq. Owner and Occupier. 

S. Sketchley, Esq, Owner and Occupier. 

Ditto, Ditto, Ditto 

Ditto, Ditto, Ditto 

Ditto, Ditto, Ditto 

Corporation, Part of Town Hall. 

Duke of Newcastle, Mr. Isaac Barber. 

Sir Jeuison Gorden, Mr. Matthew Hudson. 

Duke of Newcastle, Mr. James Barber, (Shop) 



Rental, Valuation, &c. &e. oi Mr. BROWN's Estate in Newark, proposed to be 



Navies of Occupiers < 



Mrs. Brecknock, 

Executors of the I 
Mr. Alderman Mi 
Stephen Bradshat 



ExClOt 



House and Yard, - 

Esq. for House and Garden, ■ 



■ and Garden 
Mr. Guthrie, for House aud Garden, - 
v. fid, m I ickett, for Huose, &c. 

Mr. WiIIkuii A-l'iiKill. for ilnu c an, I Gaul,',,, 

Mr. Wdliani Parry, for House and Yard, - 

Ejeeulors of the late George Toinliuson, for 3 Tenements, Garden, &C. 

Mr. AHemia,, Spragging, for Land adjoining his House, - 

Thomas Taylor, for two Tenements, fitc. - 

Mr. Thomas Toder, for three Tenements, outhouses and Yard, 

John Derrv, for a House and Paddock, - 

Rev. J. Ridghill, for Land in 

Executors of the late George Tomlinson, Esq. for Ground Rent of a House, 

Interest of Money for building the said House, - 

Elizabeth Herring, for a Piece of Ground, - 

Richard Herring, for a House, fitc. .... 

Robert Milliugton, for two Tenements, 

John Stephenson, for a House and Yard, - 

Mr. Hoyes, for Land in ... 

John Stephenson, for three Tenements and a Garden, 

Joseph i irtvkwell, for a House, ore. - 

: Kiliingley'j, - 



Exec, 



for a Ho 






Barnbyga 

Bailor,.':,,, 
Ditto, ... 



Mr. Crarroft, for a Land in ...... 

L„r,l Miiloluton, for a Laud in - 

Mr. Alderman ftastall, for a Stable, &c. ..... 

Mr. Alderniati Hanilley, for a House, fitc 

Mr. John Marshall, for a Stable and Yard, - 

Mr. Thomas Hardy, for a House and Yard, .... 

Mr. Johu Marshall, (lnnholder) for four Tenements and Garden, 

Executors of the late James Tomlinson, for four Teuemeuts, Barn fit Garden, 

Mr. Joba Lacy, for a House, -...«.-.. 



sold by Act of Parliament, passed in the Year 1773, 

Purchase. Owners and Occupiers. 1819. 

. .460 W. V. Kandley, Esq. Mr. J- A. Jackson. 

Mr Brfckhill, Mr. Brit khill, (Boar's Head). 

Win. Parker, Esq, W. Parker, Esq. 

. .:'..;:, S. SUetchlcy, Esq. Mr Clover. 

. ■oil P.. s. Godfrey, E.q. Douse, Porter, fit Burton. 

...HI Mr. Itarusiiale, Barnsdale and two others. 

..120 Mr. Kili., Mr. Evisou, (Duke of Wellington). 

Mr.Rol.iiiM.n ( onion, Mr. I;,,l,n,;„n Corden. 

Mr. Malihew Hage, Mr. Matthew Hage. 
Barber and others. 

Mr. Cttwl well, 

Duke ,,f Mewi astle, John Matlock and others. 
. . 35 Mr. Wright, 

..;u.-> Mrs. Guthrie, Mi Huddleaton sndMrs. Manners. 

..ill) Mr. Hi,, ui is Hens Mr. Thomas Deny. 

Bev. Jos, Brooke, Mr. ivilliam Thompson. 

'■ j Mr. J. Ilrauston, Mr. J. Branston. 

.. oj Mr. l.r„a<l!i,nst, au-l Mr. I A .' at ksoo, Owners fit Oceanic; 



am St Hare, Mr. Welis ..nil Mr. 

.'. Nail, Sei eral Tenements. 

'. Terrewest, Esc,. Mr. Hunt, (Marquis of Granby). 
sfi .!<!, BluudeU, fit Kuapton, Owners aud Occupiers. 
;e of Newcastle, Mr. Gask. 



Middlcgato, 
Northgalt, 

Ditto, 

Ditto 

Ualderl-i'ga 



e, Mr. Slater, fit Mr. Clio 
n and others. 



363 

SALES OF 

BROWN & PHILLIPOTs ESTATES, 

In the Year 1773, an Act of Parliament 
was obtained for the Sale of certain parts of 
these several Estates ; and for applying the 
Money arising therefrom, to the erecting a 
Town-Hall and Shambles in the Town of 
Newark: to the purchasing of Lands and 
Tenements, for the purpose of taking down the 
then occupied erections and levelling the site 
of the same, for enlarging the Church-yard, 
and for opening the avenues thereto, and other 
improvements. The Statute recites the Devises, 
the Reports of the Masters in Chancery, and 
the Decrees of the Chancellors thereupon. It 
then proceeds to state the great increase of 
Rents arising from the said Estates, the addi- 
tions made to the Alms-house, so as render it 
capable of admitting ten poor persons, and to 
state the decay into which many of the Trust 
Houses were falling, and enacts, in substance, as 

follows : 

aa2 



364 SALES of BROWN & PHlLLIPOTs ESTATE* 

That the Mayor and Aldermen, the Vicar 
and Churchwardens for the time being, toge- 
ther with twelve other persons, Inhabitants of 
the Town of Newark, viz. Robert Wilson 
Cracroft, Robert Forster, John Broadhurst, 
and Henry Cook, Esquires, The Rev. William 
Rastall, D. D. Rev. Henry Martin, William 
Martin, Edmund Hynd, William Linthwaite, 
Richard Eastland, William Handley, jun. and 
Job Brough, Gentlemen, shall be Commis- 
sioners for ordering and directing the Sale of 
the several Houses and Estates mentioned, par- 
ticularized and described in the first and third 
Schedules thereunto annexed ; and for build- 
ing a Town-Hall, Shambles, Shops and Stalls : 
and also for purchasing Lands and Tenements, 
for the purpose of enlarging the Church-yard, 
and improving the avenues to the same ; and 
for investing the residue of the money arising 
from such Sales, in the purchase of other Lands 
to be settled to the charitable uses therein 
mentioned. 

It further enacts, that the Estates mentioned 
and described in the said first and third Sche- 



sALES or BROWN & PHILLIFOT's ESTATES. 365 

dule*, with all reversions and remainders, &c. 
shall be vested in the honorable George Sut- 
ton, commonly called Lord George Sutton, of 
Kelham ; Charles Mellish, ofBlyth ; and Roger 
Pocklington, of Winthorpc, Esquires, upon 
the Trusts therein mentioned, which Trusts 
are to sell the same in Lots, under certain re- 
strictions and limitations; and to apply the 
monies arising therefrom according to the 
direction of any five or more of the Commis 
sioners therein appointed, to the purposes ot 
the said Act. 

In pursuance of this Statute, the premises 
were sold, and the several buildings and pro- 
jected improvements were erected and |com 
pleted : and further, considerable additions 
were made to the Vicarage House. 

The latest sale of charitable property made 
by the Mayor and Corporation, was for the 
purpose of redeeming the Land Tax on the dif- 
ferent Estates, under the authority of the Sta- 
tute of 1798, enabling corporate bodies to 
alienate certain portions of their Lands for that 
purpose. 



366 



THE TOWN-HALL. 



As the erection of the Town-Hall has been 
so recently treated upon, this may be deemed 
a proper period to attempt a description of that 
noble building. 

Few, indeed, are the Boroughs that can 
boast so enviable an ornament. Its majestic 
appearance strikes every traveller, whether an 
adept in the science of Architecture, or other- 
wise ; it is one of those peculiar objects, whose 
imposing attitude rivets the attention, and ex- 
torts, even from the snarler, tribute of unwil- 
ling praise. This edifice stands in the centre 
of the west side of the Market-place, and occu- 
pies the site of several houses, which were 
taken down for its reception. 

The northern wing was in the occupation 



THE TOWN-HALL. 367 

of Richard Eastland, Alderman, Draper ; the 
main body of the Hall stands on the site of 
houses which were in the tenure of John 
Doubleday, Ironmonger ; Joseph Wright, 
Innholder, William Bradshaw, Saddler; and 
Robert Clay, Butcher. A public house known 
by the sign of the Green Dragon, and the 
dwelling-house of John Newzam, Silversmith, 
occupied the ground on which the southern 
wing is now situated. The first stone of 
this magnificent structure was laid in the 
year 1773, during the mayorality of Thomas 
Haslam, Esq. The front is composed of Mans- 
field stone. The basement story exhibits a 
beautiful specimen of rusticated masonry. A 
perfect doric entablature forms the completion 
of the two other stories,* the centre of which 
is supported by columns of that order, whose 

* Inthetympan of the pediment are placed the armorial 
bearings of the town ; these were granted by patent A. D. 
1561, (3 Eliz.) A peacock proper, between a fleur de lis 
and a lion passant gardant occupy the upper part of the 
shield. The supporters are a beaver and an otter, animals 
pertinently allusive to the former state of the greater part of 
the surrounding country, which was little better than a fen. 
The crest, a gull or sea-mew, holding in its beak, an eel. 



368 THE TOWN HALL, 

symmetry will bear the most critical inspec- 
tion : behind these columns is a commodious 
recess, technically termed a Loggia, with a 
balustrade in front. This species of false 
taste, was at that time very current ; in the 
serene climate of Italy, from whence it was 
imported, without doubt, a construction of 
this kind is highly gratifying ; but amidst the 
glooms and storm > of our dreary months of 
November and December, it is a complete 
burlesque on rationality. A very few seasons 
stamped the idea with absurdity, and the fo- 
reign title being, to the generality of people, 
equally difficult to remember or pronounce, 
they hit upon a more apt term to designate it 
by, and very properly, though perhaps some- 
what coarsely , dubbed it a Snow-trap. 

The Sub-Loggia, originally proposed to be 
used as a Corn-market, and also the Sub-hall 
as a Butter-market, are well paved, and now 
rendered sufficiently light, it is divided into 
colonades by columns of the compound Tuscan 
order, the ceiling is divided into rather small 
square compartments, which by encreasing the 



THE TOWN-HALL. 369 

firmness of the superincumbent floor, already 
under the influence of its massive supporters, 
entirely destroys its elasticity; the " light fan- 
tastic toe" in vain pants for reciprocity, and 
the old proverb " strength will be served/' is 
here exemplified in the most capacious sense 
of the word. 

A handsome geometrical staircase of stonc ; 
leads to the 

ASSEMBLY ROOM. 

Which is 80 feet long, 30 feet wide, and 30 
feet in height. Its most glaring deficiency 
has been already described. Both the ends are 
circular, and finished domically in the ceiling 
part. A screen of Corinthian fluted columns 
at each chord, reduce the body of the room 
into an oblong of 50 feet by 30. In the centre 
of each side, is a handsome chimney piece of 
Italian marble. Surmounting that on the 
north east, upon the sole of the window, is 
placed a highly finished bust of his present 
Majesty, presented to the Corporation in the 



370 THE TOWN-HALL. 

year 1818, by his Grace the Duke of New- 
castle. The room is extremely well lighted by 
six lofty circular headed windows in the sides, 
and one at the upper end. There are also three 
superb lustres dependent from the ceiling. In 
the piers between the windows, and likewise 
at intervals in the bow ends, are double pilas- 
ters, corresponding with the columns before 
described. In many parts of the ceiling, which 
has a six feet quadrant cove, much taste is 
displayed, especially in the centre and spandrils, 
but the efficacy of elegance from that point is 
materially weakened, by the clumsy paneling 
in its vicinity, plenty of specimens of which 
may be selected from wainscoting of the 
sixteenth century. 

The western end is fitted up as a Court of 
Justice, where the Borough Sessions are 
holden twice in each year. 

The body of the room is appropriated to 
select Assemblies of the principal inhabitants 
of the town and neighbourhood. 



THE TOWN-HALL. 371 

Fronting the Market-place is a truly sym- 
metrical apartment, stiled the Committee 
Room; its length is 35 feet, breadth 20 feet 
8 inches, and height 16 feet ; from the centre 
of the ceiling depends an elegant lustre. 

Here the municipality hold their judicial 
consultations, and on festive occasions it is dedi- 
cated to cards and tea. The body corporate have 
condescendingly granted, pro tempore, the 
use of this room for the occasional recreations 
of their respectable neighbours in Music, &c. 

In an old chest are preserved many detach- 
ed pieces of ancient armour, probably, once 
worn by the brave defenders of the town; if 
so, it is much to be regretted they were not 
labeled. 

The following Artisans were employed in 
erecting and finishing the Town-Hall and its 
adjacent wings. 

Architect, John Carr, Esq. York. 

Superintendant, .... Mr, WiUiam Matthews, Newark. 
Mason, Mr. < Mew, Mansfield. 



372 THE TOWN-HALL. 

Bricklayer, Mr. Matthew Palmer Sheppard, Newark , 

Carpenter & Joiner, Mr. Baker, Retford. 

Slater, , . . . Mr. William Lewis, Nottingham. 

Plasterer, .. Mr. Moses Kilmister, Derby. 

Carvers / ^ r ' ^eoige Barrett, Newark. 

<- Mr. Thickstone, Doncaster, 

Plumber & Glazier, (Hall) Mr. Joseph Smalley, Newark. 

Ditto, (the Wings){ Mr - Samwd Watsm > Newark - 
v. Mr. James Holmes, ditto. 

Painter, • Mr. John Smith, Newark. 

Upwards of £ 17,000 are said to have been 
expended in the erection and completion of 
these edifices, 

THE SHAMBLES. 

Adjoining to the western side of the Town- 
Hall, and communicating therewith, are the 
Shambles, whose extent is bounded by Mid- 
dlegate. Their situation is perfectly adapted 
to the purpose, and much ingenuity was dis- 
played in attention to convenience and cleanli- 
ness ; nevertheless, when finished, the butchers 
refused to occupy them. Whether it were 
sheer obstinacy in the Knights of the Steel, or 
the discovery of a loop-hole in the statute is not 
of material consequence ; mandate after man- 



THE TOWN-HALL. 373 

elate were repeatedly slighted, and at times, 
disobedience was tagged with that sting of 
facetious acumen so peculiar to the knife. 

Twenty long years the desultory warfare 
continued, the butchers, like their cavalier 
ancestors, would not budge one foot, nor, un- 
til the potent auxiliaries of King, Lords and 
Commons, in British Parliament assembled, 
were brought to bear upon them, could they 
be dislodged from the Market-place : an Act 
of Parliament being passed for that and some 
other purposes in the year 1798. 

Scarcely had the removal taken place, 
when, by the rapid influx of butchers from the 
country, the Shambles were found insufficient 
in point of number; the Sub-hall was, there- 
fore appropriated to the use of moveable stalls, 
as it now continues. 

THE DISPENSARY, 

Works of magnificence may arrest atten- 
tion, a display of elegance captivates genius; 



374 THE TOWN-HALL. 

but institutions of benevolence H warm the 
heart, and soften it to receive the fairest im- 
pressions/' 

At the commencement of the year 1813, a 
subscription was set on foot by the Mayor, 
Corporation, and several of the principal In- 
habitants, in order to establish a Dispen- 
sary for the relief of the sick poor, resident in 
Newark, which readily met with the concur- 
rence of the gentlemen of the faculty. Two 
rooms belonging to the Town Hall, at the 
west end of the sub-hall being found suitable 
for the purpose, a sufficient sum was soon 
raised to carry the design into effect. The 
charity was placed under the direction of 
governors, consisting of the Mayor, first senior 
Alderman, Vicar, four Church-wardens, the 
Physician, and Surgeons, (except during the 
times of their attendance) as permanent 
members, and of thirteen other gentlemen, to 
be annually chosen by the subscribers at large. 

The subscribers of two Guineas each and 
upwards, are entitled to six, and subscribers 



THE TOWN-HALL. 375 

of one Guinea to three tickets per annum, each 
ticket to admit one patient on the Book for 
two months, with power to the Surgeon to 
renew it, exclusive of the right of recommen- 
dation in cases of midwifery and vaccine ino- 
culation. In midwifery, a recommendation 
of five subscribers is required to shew that the 
applicants are proper objects of the charity; 
and persons applying for vaccine inoculation, 
must bring a written note of recommendation 
from some one of the subscribers. The medi- 
cal gentlemen resident in the town, attend in 
rotation at the Dispensary every Tuesday, 
Thursday, and Saturday mornings at nine, for 
which an allowance of sixty pounds per annum 
is made in lieu of a resident Dispenser of the 
medicines. Persons unable to attend at the 
Dispensary, are visited at their own houses on 
sending their recommendation to the Surgeon 
in attendance, before nine in the morning. 
Accidents requiring immediate assistance, are 
admitted without the form of a recommenda- 
tion, providing the patients are proper objects. 

The utility of this praise-worthy Institution 



376 THE TOWN-HALL. 

is experienced daily by the poor and labouring 
classes, and blessings are deservedly bestowed 
on the promoters, by all who are so unfortu- 
nate as to require its assistance. In order to 
extend the benefits more largely, a sum of 
money from the Estates of Mr. Magnus, left 
for the good weal of the town, has been annu- 
ally applied. It appears from the Register of 
the Patients kept at the Dispensary, that the 
number admitted has been 



admitted. 
1st Year, ending February, 1814, 278 

2nd, 1815, 275 

3rd, 1816, ...,,.. 420 

4th, 1817, . 260 

5th, 1818, i 340 

Total 1573 



In this number are included, two hundred 
and sixteen poor married women, who have 
been attended in midwifery at their own homes, 






377 



CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 

The Mayor and Aldermen being called 
upon to answer in the Court of Chancery, 
touching other Estates bequeathed for divers 
purposes, to the said Town, on the 23th of 
May, 1733, they put in the following affidavits. 

SIR JOHN LONDE. (1553.) 

That Sir John Londe, Clerk, did, in 
the sixth year of King Edward the sixth, by 
Deed or Will, give unto the Alderman and 
Assistants of Neivark, and their Successors, 
two Tenements with the Appurtenances in 
Milne Gate, of 20 shillings a year, and j£20. 
in gold, for the use of the said Town : And 
apprehend the said two Tenements were given 
to the sole use of the said Alderman and As- 
sistants. 

* B 



3/8 CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 



ANTHONY FOSTER. (1558.) 

The Mayor and Aldermen by their answer, 
^flp. They believe that Anthony Foster by 
his Will, dated February 23, 1 Queen Eliz. 
devised all his lands in Meryn Close in New- 
ark, to the then Alderman and Assistants, and 
their successors, upon trust, to apply the 
Rents thereof for the assistance of such poor 
persons as should be visited with the plague, 
which said Rents the defendant's predecessors, 
in their corporate capacity, have as often as 
need required, expended for such uses, and 
they, in their corporate capacity, are willing 
to lay out the same, when any such affliction 
shall happen. 

WILLIAM BETHELL, (1612.) 

J^ap, That William Bethell, by indenture 
dated the 23rd of October, in the ninth year 
of king James, gave Ten Pounds to the Al- 
derman and Assistants, to be paid at interest; 
and out of the interest thereof, six shillings 



CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 3J9 

and eight pence yearly to be paid to the Vicar 
of the said town, for preaching a sermon once 
a year, and thirteen shillings and four-pence 
to be distributed yearly amongst the poor of 
the said town; and that they have constantly 
paid thirteen and four-pence yearly to the 
poor, and ^1. 65. 8d. to the Vicar for 
preaching a sermon on the Epiphany, and 
apprehend that the said 6s. 8d. mentioned in 
this charity is included in the ^1. 6s. 8d. and 
that money being ten pounds per cent per 
annum, when this charity was founded, they 
have paid the like interest ever since; but 
submit, whether they ought for the future, to 
pay more than legal interest, and in what pro- 
portion the said Vicar and Poor ought to make 
iin abatement of the said charity. 

CHAPMAN, (16 James I.) 

£ap, That in the year 1619. Chapman 

by his Will gave to the Alderman and Assist- 
ants, and the Vicar of Newark, and their 
successors, one House in dppleton-gate, upon 
Trust, that two Bays of Stone Building next 

B B 2 



380 CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 

the Church-yard, being part of the said House, 
should be repaired out of the Rents arising 
from other part of the said House ; and after the 
said two Bays were repaired and divided into 
convenient Rooms, four poor Widows should 
be placed therein, and the Rents, after such 
repairs from other part of said House, should 
be paid towards their Maintenance : And 
#ap> That the Rents of the said House were 
not sufficient to keep the said two Bays, and 
the rest of the said House in repair ; and that 
about fifteen years ago the same became wholly 
ruinous, and rather than sink the said Charity 
by rebuilding, they have, since the decay there- 
of, placed four poor Widows in other Houses 
belonging to the said Mayor and Aldermen in 
their corporate capacity, and have always paid, 
weekly, to two of the said poor Widows six- 
pence a piece, being more than the annual 
Rents of the said decayed Houses ; and that 
they have since rebuilt a House on the ground, 
where the said decayed premises stood, which 
has cost them above two hundred pounds. 



CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 381 



JOHN LILLY. (20 James I.) 

d&ap, That John Lilly by Indenture of 
Feoffment, dated 19th of December, 1623, 
enfeoffed Robert Outram and Lancelot Thomp- 
son in a messuage called Bathley Grange, in 
Bathley, in trust for the said Alderman and 
Assistants and their successors, to be disposed 
of amongst the poor children working in the 
Jersey School, and in default of such school 
to be applied towards the relief of the poor of 
the said town; and that the said rents are dis- 
posed of accordingly, either amongst the poor 
children in the said school, or poor in the said, 
town. 

HERCULES CLAY.* (1661.) 

£ap, That Hercules Clay by his Will 
dated the 1 1th of December, 1644, gave to the 

* The author of the modem history of Newark, stiles 
Hercules Clay " the miraculous dreamer!" speaking, it is 
much to be feared contemptuously. Harassed and dis- 
tressed in mind as Clay must, from his situation, have been, 



382 CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 

Mayor and Aldermen, one hundred pounds, 
to be placed at interest by the Vicar's consent, 
for the said Vicar's benefit, to preach a sermon 
on the 11th of March; and gave one hundred 
pounds, to be out at interest by the said Mayor 
and Aldermen, for the benefit of the Poor of 
the said Town, to be paid yearly on the said 
1 1th of March, which has been constantly paid, 
and till of late at the rate of six pounds per 
cent. 

for some time, the dream in itself, and even its recurrence 
is not much to be wondered at ; but why might not an 
honest industrious tradesman of Newark, be warned by 
God in a dream ? There is not the least evidence that 
Hercules Clay was not as deserving an object of Divine in- 
terposition, to the full, as many who are on record. We 
are taught to believe that the eye of Providence over- 
looks us — that the hand of Providence guides us ; and yet 
sneered at, if we acknowledge that hand to have been 
particularly extended to ward off impending danger. 
Monstrous absurdity, generated between Ignorance and 
Envy ! Talk of an Omnipotent God— and limit his power ! 
Check the rising divinity that stirs within us, merely because 
its avowal is unfashionable! Let the appeal lie to any 
unprejudiced man, and he will confess, if he dare, that he 
has oft felt the uninvited admonition of presentiment ; but 
that too, is become a ridiculous term, 

" We think our fathers fools, so wise we grow. 
Our wiser sons, no doubt, will think us so." 



CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 383 

JOHN JOHNSON, (2 Protector.) 

d&flp, That John Johnson by his Will, 
dated the 22nd of October, 1655, gave a rent- 
charge of Five Pounds per Annum, for the use 
of fifty of the poorest and most ancient widows 
and widowers of Newark, to be paid yearly to 
the Mayor or Church-wardens on the 20th of 
December, and distributed the day after. And 
gave four cottages in Parish-Lane,* in New- 
ark, to be for ever enjoyed by four old widows, 
to be therein placed in succession by the ap- 
pointment of the said Mayor and Aldermen; 
and willed, that John Johnson, his Heirs and 
Assigns, should for ever after, out of certain 
Lands devised to him by the said Will, uphold 
and repair the said four Cottages ; and gave 
forty pounds to be bestowed in Plate for the 
public use and credit of the said Corporation ; 
and fifty pounds, the interest whereof was 
yearly to be employed towards the most neces- 
sary repairs of the Church Windows; and that 
although they cannot find the Lands mentioned 

♦ Now called Guildhall Street. 



384 CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 

in the said Will, to repair the said four Cotta- 
ges, yet they have for several years repaired 
the same out of the profits of the Corporation 
Estates. 



WILLIAM WATSON and EMMA his wife, (4 Protector.) 

^9p> That William Watson and Emma 
his wife, by Indenture, dated the 21st of May 
1657, granted a rent-charge of Twenty shil- 
lings per annum, to the said Mayor and Alder- 
men, and their successors, for the Vicar to 
preach a Sermon on the 25th of December, 
which the Vicar has always received of the 
owner of the said Estate. 

JOHN MARTIN, (3 C. II.) 

t, That John Martin, by Deed or Will 
bearing date the 14th of March, 1663, gave 
the use of Fifty Pounds to be paid to the said 
Mayor and Aldermen, to be laid out in Coal, 
and distributed by them yearly at Christmas 
and for many years they have added Fifty 
Shillings thereto. 



CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 385 

EMMA WATSON. (15 C. II.) 

j§ap> That Emma Watson by her Will, 
dated the 8th of December 1675, gave to the 
Mayor and Aldermen Fifty Pounds, to be put 
out at interest, to be disposed of in buying 
Coal or Corn for the poor people, at their 
discretion, which they have yearly laid out 
at the rate of six pounds per cent. 

RICHARD LAMB. 

£ap, That Richard Lamb by his Will, 
gave the poor Twenty-five Shillings per an- 
num, to be paid to the Mayor, Churchwardens 
and Overseers on the 20th of December to be 
distributed in Coal amongst the housekeepers, 
and which they have yearly received and paid 
accordingly. 

ANTHONY COLLINGWOOD. (18 C. II.) 



That Anthony Collingwood by his 
Will, dated the 8th of March, 1678, devised 
unto the said Mayor and Aldermen, his Land- 



386 CHARITABLE DONATIONS, 

at Farndon and Allington, in Trust for the 
said Vicar, to maintain Prayers in the Church 
twice every day ; and gave his House in Stod- 
man-street to the said Mayor and Aldermen, 
for ever y for the use of the Corporation, [Here 
says the Author, Dr. Wilson, the Writer of the 
Extract^ or the Corporation, were mistaken, for 
according to the account which I had fromY ork, 
the said House in Stodman-street, was only 
given in Trust to the Mayor and Aldermen for 
the use of the Poor] and his House in Carter- 
gate to the said Mayor and Aldermen to sup- 
port the Fabrick of the Church ; and Say they 
have always applied the Rents of the Lands to 
the Charities founded by the said Wftli J '< 

NICHOLAS, EARL OF SCARSDALE. (19 C. II.) 

4&8{I» That Nicholas, Earl of Scarsdale, 
by Indenture, dated 26th of August, 1679, 
in confirmation of his Grandfather's Gift, 
granted to the Alderman and Assistants £\0 
per annual for ever, in Trust to be paid to the 
Vicar, for preaching two Sermons yearly on 
the Feast days of St. Thomas and Good Friday, 



CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 387 

which, they say, the Vicar has constantly re- 
ceived. 

HENRY STONES, (3 James II.) 

£ap, That Henry Stones by his Will, 
dated the 6th of July, 1688, gave to several 
Trustees, Fourteen Hundred Pounds to be laid 
out in Lands for the use of the Corporations 
of Newark and Lincoln, for the employment 
of the poor Inhabitants of the said Corpora- 
tions; one Moiety of the said Fourteen Hun- 
dred Pounds to be settled for the use of the 
Jersey School, in Newark, and the first five 
years profits of the same to be employed in 
building a Work-house in Newark, and if the 
said Moiety, being Seven Hundred Pounds, 
was not settled, and always employed to the 
use of the said Work-house or Jersey School, 
that then the Corporation of Lincoln, should 
enter upon the said Lands, and hold the same 
to the use of their Jersey School; and the said 
Defendants say, they have always received 
and paid the yearly profits of the said Seven 
Hundred Pounds towards the building and 
employing a Jersey School as aforesaid. 



388 CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 

LADY FRANCES LEAK, (2 Will. & Mary.) 

£ap, That Lady Frances Leak by her 
Will, dated the 23rd of December, 1690, gave 
One Hundred Pounds to the use of the Poor, 
and Two Hundred Pounds to be expended 
in Plate for the Communion Table; and say 
they have received the said £ 100, and distri- 
buted the Interest accordingly, and laid out 
the said £ 200. in Communion Plate. 

THOMAS WHITE, 

Lord Bishop of Peterborough, (2 Will. & Mary.) 

£ap, That Thomas White, late Lord 
Bishop of Peterborough, by his Will, dated 
some time in the year 1690, gave to the Poor 
oi Newark, Two Hundred and Forty Pounds, 
to be laid out in Lands, and Ten Pounds yearly 
to be paid out of the Rents thereof to the said 
Poor for ever, and the remainder to the Vicar, 
for his pains in distributing of the same, which 
he directed should be made once every year 
on the 14th of December, by the said Vicar 
in the Church Porch, in the presence of the 



CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 389 

Church-wardens and Overseers of the Poor, 
among twenty poor families, or persons of 
forty years of age, equally Husband and Wife 
one person, who should before the receiving 
distinctly repeat the Lord's Prayer, the Apo- 
stle's Creed and the Ten Commandments, with- 
out missing one word ; * and no one should 
receive the said Charity twice, till all the Poor 
of the said Parish had received it once, that 
the advantage thereby might spread as far as 
possible, and desired the Vicar to distribute 
the same, and the said Defendants admit, that 
the Mayor and Aldermen have received, and 
laid out the Two Hundred and Forty Pounds in 
a purchase of Lands at Besthorpe and Girton, 
and have always paid the Charity, exclusively 
of the Tatfes, into the Vicar's Hands, to be 
disposed of by him accordingly.! 

* This repetition is annually performed, though perhaps 
not exactly conformable to the strict letter of the good 
Bishop's injunction. Yet in such a novel exhibition as 
twenty persons of forty years of age publicly going through 
such a ceremony in the nineteeth century — a little lip room 
ought certainly to be granted. 

f The Charity Estates at Besthorpe and Girton, consist- 
ing of 161 A. 1 R. 19 P. were Let on a Lease for tin term 



390 CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 

THOMAS SUMMERS, (3 Anne) 

&&#, That Thomas Summers by his Will, 
dated the 1st of August, 1705, charged his 
Lands at Carlton, and the Messuage he then 
lived in at Newark, with Five Hundred 
Pounds, to the said Mayor and Aldermen, to 
purchase Lands, and out of the produce to pay, 
weekly, to the Five Bead-men in Newark one 
shilling each for ever, and the surplus to be 
given among the poor on every second of Fe- 
bruary; and Say, that they have laid out the 
said Five Hundred Pounds in Lands at West 

of 14 years, to commence on old Lady day, 1817, at the 
annual rent of ,£256. 

Whether it were the Right Reverend Donor's intention, 
that the poor of the parish of Newark or its Vicar should 
he most materially benefitted by his bequest, may be a 
question at haw ; but will scarcely admit of a doubt in 
moral equity, the words "the remainder to the Vicar for 
his pains" seem to imply a remuneration for trouble, which 
seldom is of more value than the thing given. Besides had 
that been the purpose of the Bishop, would he not have 
devised the Lands to the Vicar, chargeable with the sum of 
Ten Pounds annually to the Poor, out of the rents and 
profits arising therefrom ? 



CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 391 

and East Laughton, formerly fifty -five pounds 
per annum ; but now (1733) only forty seven 
pounds ten shillings per annum, and have added 
thereto five hundred and fifty pounds of their 
own money in the said purchase, and duly dis- 
tributed one shilling a week among the said 
Bead-men ; and the surplus proportionable to 
the said Five Hundred Pounds, in clothing 
thirty-four boys yearly, who are educated at 
the Charity School, which the said Defend- 
ants do not apprehend to be any misapplication 
of the said Charity.* 

HOBMAN, (2 G. II.) 

Mr* Hobman, formerly Town Clerk of 
Newark, left by his Will, executed in the 
year 1/29, the sum of Fifty Pounds, in Trust 
to the Mayor and Aldermen, the Interest 
whereof was to be distributed for the use of 
the poor*" 

* The above Lands at East and West Laughton consist* 
ing of 96 A. 1 R. 4 P. were Let by Auction, at the Town 
Hall, in Newark, on the 25th day of September, 1817, on 
Lease for the term of 14 years to commence the 6th day of 
April, 1818, for the annual rent of £ 130. 



392 CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 

ELEANOR DOUGLAS. (12 G. II.) 

Mrs. Eleanor Douglas by her Will, ex- 
ecuted in the year 1739, left One Hundred 
Pounds to the Mayor and Aldermen, in Trust, 
that the Interest thereof should be employed 
in the same Charity with the Legacy given to 
the said Corporation by her late Brother 
Thomas Summers, as an Augmentation there- 
unto. 

Dr. WILSON, Vicar of Newark. (9 & 10 G. III.) 

By a Codicil to his last Will, dated the 31st 
of May, 1769, bequeathed the sum of Forty 
Pounds, to be distributed in two equal portions 
every year, viz. on the 11th of January and 
the 2 1st of August, respectively, by the Vicar 
of Newark for the time being, to such indigent 
families of Newark as he shall approve : and 
other Ten Pounds he gave to the Vicar, for 
preaching a Sermon on each of those days, and 
for his care and trouble in distributing the 
aforesaid alms. Also, by a subsequent Codicil, 
dated the 7th of June, 1770, he further gave 



CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 393 

One Hundred Pounds per annum to be distri- 
buted by his nephew, Robert Cracroft, and 
his heirs, in manner following: Forty Pounds 
on the 21st of August, and Sixty Pounds on 
the 31st of December, among fifty poor families 
residing in the said Town of Newark, in such 
shares and proportions as he the said Robert 
Cracroft or his heirs shall think proper. Also 
Ten Pounds per annum to be distributed by 
the same persons, at the same seasons, in equal 
portions among twenty poor Widow r s living at 
the said Town of Newark. Also other Ten 
Pounds per aunum to the Vicar of Newark, 
so long as he shall behave himself with decency 
and respect to the said Robert Cracroft his 
heirs and assigns.* 

GEORGE LAWRENCE, Esq. Alderman of Newark. 
(37 G. III.) 

By his Will, dated the 5th day of December, 
1797 > gave One Thousand Pounds to the Mavor 



* A tolerably tempting inducement to outward civility 
at the least. 

C C 



394 CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 

and Aldermen of Newark, in Trust, to be 
placed on Government Securities, for the 
benefit of the objects of Phillipot's Charity. 

It seems the Court was not fully satisfied 
with some of these answers, as appears by an 
" EXTRACT from the Answer of the Mayor 
and Aldermen, to the amended Bill of Inform- 
ation touching the other Charities" 

HENRY STONES. 

The Mayor and Aldermen say, that the 
said Henry Stones, had devised, if need should 
be, that the first five years profits of ^700. 
being a Moiety of the j£I400. should be em- 
ployed in erecting a convenient place in 
Newark to work in. Also, that he had willed 
his Trustees should be perpetual Visitors or 
Supervisors, that his Gifts should not be con- 
verted to other uses. 

j£>ap, There had been for many years a 
Jersey School or Work-house, the Master of 
which had been appointed by them in their 



CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 395 

corporate capacity; That such Master sup- 
plied the poor with Jersey for spinning, and 
paid them such prices as were allowed by the 
Master of the Lincoln Jersey School, and also 
paid women for teaching the poor children, 
and other poor of the town, the art of spin- 
ning ; that the annual expenses of the Jersey 
School laid out by them (the Mayor and Alder- 
men) had often exceeded, but was never less 
than the produce of Stone's £ 700., viz. in 
repairing the School, finding wheels and reels, 
and allowing a stipend to the Master, in con- 
sideration of his teaching the poor to spin, and 
his loss sustained by spoiling and waste of 
Jersey ; that many poor persons being em- 
ployed by means of this Charity, were kept 
off from becoming a charge upon the parish. 

CONSOLIDATED CHARITIES. 

Admit they have received by their Cham- 
berlains, the sums given by the said Stdne, 
Bethell, Clay, Johnson, Martin, Watson, 
Bishop White and Summers, and that part of 
the said sums, viz. ^1330, was in 1700 laid 

cc 2 



396 CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 

out in purchase of lands in Girton, Besthorpe, 
and South Scarle, being Copyhold Lands of 
the Manor of Newark, and are let at about 
£bQ. per annum ; and that the said Copyhold 
was surrendered by Thomas Goodbourn to 
one Hacker, in trust for the then Mayor and 
Aldermen : And that ^500. given by Summers 
was, in conjunction with ^550. of defendant's 
proper money, in their corporate capacity, 
laid out in the purchase of lands in East and 
West Laughton, in the county of Lincoln, and 
conveyed to them in their corporate capacity, 
by Lease and Release, dated the 16th and 17th 
of May, 1715, which said premises are let at 
j£40. a year. 

Notwithstanding these solemn decisions by 
the Court, much asperity and malevolence still 
continued between the late parties in the suitj 
many of whom lived several years after its de- 
termination, particularly the principal mover^ 
Dr. Wilson, who survived the pronouncing ot 
the Decree 34 years. In the year 1748, disputes 
ran very high concerning the due number of 
Churchwardens, some holding that the whole 



CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 397 

of the four persons chosen on Easter Tuesday, 
were actually and severally Churchwardens ; 
others, that only two of them were competent 
to that office, and that the remaining two were 
only capacitated to serve as Sidemen. * Much 
inkshed ensued, and several documents were 
published which are, even now, worthy of 
notice. Amongst the rest, one written by Mr. 
John Heron, a Churchwarden, in that year, 
seems to embrace every point in the squabble, 
the work is now becoming extremely scarce, 
and from the equity and unanimity which at 
this time preside over the Counsels at Newark, 
the subject matter thereof, bordering upon the 
obsolete ; yet, whatever has once happened, 
may again recur : had Magnus ever conceived 
the idea that it would have been found neces- 
sary to call in the aid of a Lord High Chancel- 
lor to re-direct the current of his benevolence, 
from a perverted course, it is highly probable, 
Newark would not now have had to boast one 
of the noblest donations in the kingdom : 
Brown and Phillipot were not deficient in per- 

* Parish Officers who assist the Church-wanlon . 



398 CHARITABLE DONATIONS. 

spicacity, but, could they have foreseen some 
occurences which have come to pass, their 
Wills certainly would not have been so loosely 
worded as to admit of doubt, cavil or miscon- 
struction. When this, our very best of gene- 
rations shall have passed away, there may 
" a king arise who knew not Joseph.' 9 There- 
fore as upwards of 70 years have elapsed since 
Mr. Heron's treatise was ushered into the 
world, it is hoped that will be a sufficient 
apology for presenting the public with a new 
Edition, 



399 



AN ADDRESS 

TO THE 

Parishioners of Newark upon Trent. 

■ 
Gentlemen, 

The Vicar having of late open- 
ly declared that two of your three Churchward- 
ens are hut Sidemen, we think it our duty as 
your officers, as well as our interest as 
Parishioners, to put you upon your guard, by 
representing the affair in its true light ; being 
of the utmost importance to the peace and 
welfare of this parish. It is w r ell known to all 
of you, that during the course of our office, we 
have insisted upon, and exerted the full rights 
and powers of Churchwardens, which we had 
not but from a full conviction that we were 
really such. The Vicar indeed and his Church- 
warden affirm we are two of us Sidemen, and 



400 HERON'S ADDRESS. 

the Vicar's Churchwarden has, in consequence, 
refused to act even with the Officer whom he 
allows to be a Churchwarden, because that 
Officer would not act with the Vicar's, unless 
also in conjunction with his fellow Church- 
warden, chosen by the Parish. A state of the 
case in print we have judged the most likely to 
evince the truth, much preferable to all oppor- 
tunities of public discourse, (though neither do 
we decline that) every person interested when 
most at leisure, may now become acquainted 
with and understand the truth. We are very 
far from insisting ourselves, or putting the 
parish to insist upon rights which belong not 
to them ; being truly sensible the interest of 
every place is, that all persons entrusted, 
should exercise their respective powers, not 
encroach or trample upon the just authorities 
of each other. 

The method in this Parish of electing 
Churchwardens, has mostly been to chuse two 
new together with two old, or in other words 
the two juniors of the preceding year, who 
then entered as the seniors ; and for collection 



HERON'S ADDRESS. 401 

of the Church rates, the Parish, being very 
large, is divided into two districts, one whereof 
is gathered by the senior and the other by the 
junior Church-wardens. Also out of the money 
arising from the whole rates, the practice has 
generally been for the senior Church-wardens 
to make the disbursements. This we appre- 
hend has given birth to the present dispute ; 
but (as we hope to make it appear) without 
foundation. 

Upon supposition that all the four are 
Church- wardens it is easy to imagine how this 
method came about. The Church-wardens 
had not, in our memory, to do with the Charity 
Estates until the late recovery of them from 
the body corporate, which has doubtless greatly 
added, as well to the business as to the import- 
ance of the Church-warden's office. When 
their only province was the proper affairs of that 
office, we are sensible, from experience, two of 
the Church-wardens could execute the office 
with greater ease than all the four can perform 
it now; the estates of Magnus and Brotvn (the 
greatest part whereof lies at a distance) having 



402 HERON'S ADDRESS. 

found us more employment than all the 
branches of our office merely as Church- 
wardens. The case being thus formerly, it 
might be very natural, and for their own ease, 
to leave the chief management to the seniors. 
It is seldom in public affairs (in which no one 
is particularly interested) that any will take 
upon themselves more trouble than they 
necessarily must ; also the first year of the 
Church-wardenship might instruct the juniors 
and better qualify them for the more active 
part in the year succeeding. 

It appears by Warner's case in Crake's 
reports, that in the Parish of All-Hallows, 
London, the Parishioners used every year to 
elect Church-wardens, and that one who had 
been elected Church-warden is elected to con- 
tinue a year longer and to be the upper Church- 
warden and another is chosen to him who is 
called the under Church-warden. Now it is 
very probable from the two year's continuance 
in office, the different appellations, and rising 
from the under to be the upper Church-ward- 
en, that the upper is usually the main acting 



HERON'S ADDRESS. 403 

Church-warden of that Parish. But the under 
Church-warden, notwithstanding, is the other's 
fellow, and being such may equally intermeddle 
(if he see proper) in the affairs of the Church. 
The practice is now the same in regard to the 
Overseers of the Poor in our Parish , four per- 
sons are every Easter nominated to this office, 
two new are added to the juniors of the former 
year ; the senior Overseers collect the in book, 
i. e. of the Parishioners living in the inner 
parts of the town, and the juniors collect the 
out book, and the money they have usually 
delivered over to the seniors, who have made 
the disbursements. But would any infer from 
hence that the juniors are not therefore Over- 
seers of the Poor, or (which is the same thing) 
have not a right to act with the seniors in 
every branch of the office? Church-wardens, 
as such, are as well Overseers as the persons 
properly so called ; yet how seldom is it that 
Church-wardens concern themselves in the 
affairs of the poor ? By the general usage of 
most parishes the Church-wardens confine 
themselves to the Church, and the Overseers, 
only, provide for the poor. Yet if a Church- 



404 HERON'S ADDRESS. 

warden will extend his cares into all the parts 
of his office, and act also on behalf of the poor, 
his authority cannot be disputed. But the ju- 
nior Church-wardens of this Parish have not 
only collected the largest part of the Church 
rates, but have also done many other acts which 
belong to the Church- warden's office, and 
which not any law or canon enjoins or autho- 
rizes Sidemen to do. They collect through the 
Church and Parish upon charity briefs, and in 
the absence of the seniors, certify Poor's settle- 
ments, &c. It is also apparent from the entries 
of the spiritual court, that all the four Officers 
join in presentments; and of such offences 
which a Sidemen has not a right to meddle 
with, as, when a Parishioner refuses to pay his 
rate to the Church repairs. And, if the juniors 
were but Sidemen, it is very unlikely they 
would engage in so troublesome an office as 
that of collecting the Church rates, being part 
of the Church- warden's duty ; if some were 
willing to do it, yet others would not, and this 
by breaking in upon, must necessarily have 
put and end to that usage. The names like- 
wise of the seniors and the juniors (being 



HERON'S ADDRESS. 405 

words of relation) imply them to be officers of 
the same rank with each other. 

The next foundation we shall build upon, 
to shew we are all Churchwardens and of 
equal power, is the Coucher, or Parish Book, 
intitutled, " A Coucher, or remembrance dedi- 
cated to the Wardens of the Church, for per- 
petual succession of the Acts of the Guardians 
thereof." This book begins with the accompt 
of the Churchwardens of the year 1626, (above 
six score years ago) and comes down to the 
present time (1748), We shall lay before you 
the stiles of every year's accompt, entered in 
the book. That for 1626, being the first, is 
taken word for word, from the Coucher, in or- 
der to make appear the form of these stiles. 
From the others it was sufficient to present you 
with the names only, of the four Churchward- 
ens, except where any thing remarkable oc- 
curred, and therefore it was judged necessary 
then to give the whole stile. But first, take 
the extracts from the Coucher, and then we 
shall subjoin some remarks naturally arising 
from the contents of the Coucher-Book. 



406 HERON'S ADDRESS. 

A List of the Churchwardens from 1626. 

1626. 

The Accompte of William Birkitt, William Barker, 
Michael Clipsham, and Henry Gray, Churchwardens for 
the yeare past made before John Standishe, Maior, and 
the Aldermen, Inhabitants of the Towne of Newarke upon 
Trent, this second day of April, in the third yeare of the 
reign of our Sovereign Lord Charles, by the grace of God, 
of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, &c. 1627. 

1627. 

Michael Clipsham, ^\ 

William Taylor, and /^Churchwardens. 
Paul Wilson, J 

1628. 
Paul Wilson, "} 

William Taylor, ^Churchwardens 

Thomas Tresse, and /^aurtnwardens. 

Thomas Somers, J 
1629. 

The Accompte of Thomas Tresse, Thomcts Summers, 
Pfilliam Haslam, and William Ellis, made before Christo- 
pher Wilson, Maior, and the Aldermen of the Towne of 
Newark upon Trent, the nine and twentieth of March, &c. 
1630. 

1630 

William Haslam, 
William Ellis, 
William Martin, and 
William Idle, 

1631. 

William Idle, 
Richard Dickens, 
Robert Becke, and 
John Johnson, 



HERON'S ADDRESS. 407 

1634. 



Robert Buckley, 

John Marris, 

John Shirtevante, & f Churchwardens. 

William Watson, 



dey, "^ 

fante, & p 
tson, J 



1635. 

John Shirtevante, ^ 
William Watson, I _, . 
Thomas Smith, and ^Churchwarden?. 
William Dallie water, J 

1636. 

Thomas Smith, ^ 

William Dalliewater, ( -,, , 
Hercules Clay, and >Church wardens. 

William Baker, J 

1637. 

Hercules Clay, "} 

William Baker, I -,, . . 

Jeffery Hebden, and Churchwardens. 

Robert Daintieth, J 

1638. 

Jeffery Hebden, "^ 

Robert Daintieth, (.Churchwardens 
Henrie Cam and >^&urcnwardens. 

William Martin, J 

1639. 

Henrie Cam, 
William Martin, 
Robert Wilson, " J 
William Barret, 



i, and | 



1640. 



Robert Wilson, 

William Barret, 

Marke Moore, and ^Churchwardens . 

John Hallam, 



>n, "} 

ret, f 
e, and f 



408 HERON'S ADDRESS. 

1641. 



Marke Moore, 

Robert Brownley, 

George Reddish, and f Churchwardens. 

Edward Newton, 



ey > L 

i, and f 
Q > J 



1642. 

George Read, *} 

Edward Newton, ( « ' , 
Thomas Hobman, & >Church wardens. 
John Martin, J 

1643. 

Thomas Hobman, *} 

John Martin, ( _ . 

John Queeingboro' & ^Churchwardens. 

Richard Herring, J 

1644. 

John Queeingborow, "} 
Riehard Herring, (« . 
William Reason, & ^Churchwardens. 
Robert Gonison, J 

1645. 

William Reason, "^ 

Robert Gonison, ( ' 

George Wells, and fChurch wardens. 

Roger Whitton, J 

1646. 

George Wells, "J 

Roger Whitton, I _, . , 

Henry Gill, and ^Churchwardens. 

William Hobman, J 

1647. 

The Accompt of William Hobman and Robert Becke, 
surviveing Churchwardens, after the death of Henry Gill 
and William JVombwell 9 made in the parrish church of 
Newark, the third day of April, Anno Dom. 1648* before 



HERON'S ADDRESS. 409 

Henry Cam, Maior, Henry Truman, Viccar, and the Aid- 
ermea and other the Inhabitants of the sayd Towne, for 
the yeare then ended. 

1648. 

Thomas Lambe, ^ 

Thomas Birch, I ~ . . 

Benjamin Wilson, and >Churchwardens. 
Matthew Jennison, J 



1649. 



Richard Clarke, 



George Wood, ( ~, , 

Christ. H aslam, and >Church W a?iens. 

Hugh Tresse, J 

1650. 

William Thompson, ") 

Robert Hoyse, ( ™ , , 

William Tuftin, and >Church war dens. 

^ohn Toler, J 

1651. 

The Accompt of John Toler, William PockUngton, 
and William, Trolove, Churchwardens for the yeare past, 
made and taken the twentieth day of April, in the yeare ol 
our Lord one thousande six hundred fifty and two, before 
Francis Fitzwilliams, Maior, the Aldermen and other In- 
habitants of the sayde Towne. 

Note, the last Item is in the words following. " They 
also crave allowance for Moneys which Mr. Wiiham Tuftin 
late Churchwarden, deceased, had in his hand at the time 
of his death as by his notes appeareth, 9Z. 2s, 4d. 

1652. 

William Pocklington, 

Nicholas Trolove, I >-« * 

t r :„ji~.. ' j >ChurchwaixWiv 



Jasper Lindley, and 
Richard Worsdale, 






D D 



410 HERONS ADDRESS. 

1653. 

Jasper Lindley, "") 

Richard Worsdale, l ~. . . 

John Barber, and ^Churchwardens. 

Richard Parker, J 

1654. 

The Accompt of John Barber, Richard Parker, Thomas 
Burnet, and John Readyards, Churchwardens for the yeare 
nowe ended, made the 27th day of Aprill, in the yeare of 
our Lord, 1655, before Matthew Jennison, Maior of the 
sayd Town, Christopher Wilson, Jeffrey Hebden, and Ben- 
jamin Wilson, Justices of Peace within the said Towne ; 
William Graunt and Robert Collett, new Churchwardens 
chosen to serve in that place, together with the said Thomas 
Burnett and John Readyards, and other Inhabitants of the 
sayd Towne then present, as followeth. 

1655. 

The Accompt of Thomas Burnett, John Readyard, and 
Robert Collett, Churchwardens, [William Graunt, theire 
fellowe Churchwarden being absent] for the yeare now 
ended, made the two and twentieth day of Aprill, in the 
year of our Lord Christ, 1656, before Christopher Wilson, 
Maior of the said Towne, Matthew Jennison, Samuel 
Hawkes, Viccar, William Birkitts and William Basledine; 
the said William, Brown, William Cooke, William Birkitts- 
and William Basledine, new Churchwardens, then before 
chosen to serve in that place for the yeare following, other 
the Inhabitants of the said Towne then present, in the 
parish church there. 

1656. 

William Cooke, ^ 
William Browne, I ~. , , 

William Birkitts, and /"Churchwardens. 

William Basledine, J 

1657. 

William Birkitts, ^ 

William Basledine, ( ~, , , 

Christopher Buckley, & ^Churchwardens. 
William Parker, J 



HERON'S ADDRESS. 411 

1658. 

Christopher Buckley, "J 

William Parker, ( ~. . 

John Marris, and >Churchwardens. 

Richard Hoys, J 



1659. 



John Marris, 



Richard Hovs, ( _. 

John Girton, and >Churchwardetr.. 

Michael Herring, J 

1660. 

John Girton, ^ 

Michael Herring, t^, 

Edward Armstrong, and ^Churchwardens. 

John Gagge, J 

1661. 

The Accompt of Mr. Leveret Jennison and Mr. Hugh 
Tresse, Churchwardens, for the yeare ending at Easter last, 
made the fourteenth daie of October, Anno Dom. 1662, 
annoq. Regni Regis Caroli Sedi 14. before Christopher Has- 
lam, Maior, William Martin , Alderman, William Twenty 
•man, senior, Robert Baley, George Beekbecke, parishioners. 

1662. 

Leveret Jennison, 
George Beckbecke, 
William Martin, 
William Haslam. 



1663. 

Mark Moore, junior, 

John Featley, 

Christopher Wilson, & ^Churchwardens. 

Francis Whitton, 



1UUO. 

e, junior, ^ 

Wilson, & r 
itton, J 

} 



1664. 

Christopher Wilson 

Francis Whitton, 

William Twentiman, & f Churchwardens 

Dennis Coolinge, 



l> J) Z 



412 



HERON'S ADDRESS, 



1665. 

Robert Taylor, 
Robert Wilson, 
William Faux, and 
Samuel Thornton. 

1666. 

William Bayly, 
Samuel Clarke, 
Goddard Dye, and 
Stephen Thorpe. 



1667 

Goddard Dye, 
Stephen Thorpe, 
Alexander Clarke, and 
Edward Smalley, 

1668. 

Alexander Clarke, 
Edward Smalley, 
William Glover, and 
Samuel Harvey, 

1669. 

William Glover, 
Samuel Harvey, 
Isaac Sherwin, and 
Edmund Small, 

1670 

William Fisher, 
John Arnall, 
Matthew Alvey, and 
William Whitton, 



} 



1671, 



Henry Cam, 
William Whitton, 
Andrew Kippis, and 
Richard RawsoH* 



•Churchwardens » 



} 



Churchwardens 



} 
} 



Churchwardens, 



Churchwardens. 



\ 



Churchwardens 



HERON'S ADDRESS. 

1672. 



413 



1 



Richard Rawson, 

Andrew Kippis, 

William Flobman, and >Cnurchwardens. 

Thomas Goddard, J 

1673. 

William Hob man, "J 

Thomas Goddard, ( _, . 

Francis Cheetam, and /Churchwardens. 

Samuel Spragging, J 

1674. 
Richard Lambe, "\ 

Matthew Cumberland, I ^, , , 
John Hoyes, and ^Churchwardens. 

Robert Wilson, J 

1675. 

John Hoyes, "\ 

Robert Wilson, l ~. . , 

John Swift, and ^Churchwardens . 

Valentine Draper, J 

1676. 

John Swift, "\ 

Valentine Draper, 1 ~. . , 

John Awfield, and ^Churchwardens. 

George Oats, J 

1678. 

John Cheetam, "") 

John Wh alley, I ~. . . 

William RastaU, and >Churchwardens. 

William Walker, J 



1679. 

William RastaU, 

William Walker, 

William Jackson, and >Churchwardeiii. 

William Barlow, J 



I 



414 HERON'S ADDRESS. 

1680. 

William Jackson, "\ 

William Barlow, (_ 

Anthony Markham,and >Churchwarden&. 

Samuel Gold. J 



1681. 

Anthony Markham, 
Samuel Gold, 

Francis Milnes, and ( Ch 

Solomon Bettison. J 



1 



1682. 

Francis Milnes, 
Solomon Bettison, 
William Pocklington, & 
George Hunt, 

1683. 

William Pocklington, 
George Hunt, 
Robert Hoyes, and 
Francis Whitton. 

1684. 

Rpbert Hoyes, 
Francis Whitton, 
Owen Gascoigne, and 
Joseph Drake.* 



} 
} 



Churchwarden* 



Churchwardens. 



} 



Churchwardens. 



1689. 

Mr. Robert Marris, *} 
Mr. Matthew Alvey, I ^ , , 
Mr. Thomas Newham& >Churchwardens. 
Mr. Thomas Wilson. J 

1690. 

Mr. Robert Marris, ^ 

Mr. Matthew Alvey, 1 -,, , , 

John Cooke, and ^Churchwardens. 

John Tomlinson. J 



HERON'S ADDRESS. 415 

1691. 

John Cooke, ^ 

John Tomlinson, I nu , . ^- , 

Bernard Wilson/and ^Churchwardens. 

Thomas Summers. J 

1692. 

Mr. Bernard Wilson, "} 
Thomas Summers, I ^, , . 

Edward Hobson, and ^Churchwardens. 
Christopher Buckley. J 
1693. 

Churchwardens. 



Mr. Edward Hobson, "} 

Christopher Buckley, ( 

John Clayton, and j 

Hugh Bernard. J 



1696. 

The Accompt of Mr. John Cole, Mr. Edward Callis, 
and Mr. Robert Brooke, Churchwardens for the yeare ended 
at Lady-day last made and taken within the parish Church 
of Newark upon Trent, the first day of April, Anno. Dom. 
1697, before Mr. William Pocklington, Mayor, Mr. William 
Martin, Mr Robert Marris, and Mr. Richard Read, Justices 
of the peace and other of the Inhabitants of the said Borough. 

1698. 

Mr. Samuel Peete, ^ 

Mr. John Clarke, I ~, _ 

Mr. Samuel Spragging & /Churchwardens. 

Mr. Thomas Gregg. J 

1700. 

Mr. Samuel Legg, *) 

Mr. Gabriel Alvey, (_, _ 

Mr. Richard Shipman,& /Churchwardens. 

Mr. Robert Marris. J 

1704. 

Mr. John Taylor, "} 

Mr. Francis Clay, (_, , 

Mr. William Gascoigne, /Churchwardens. 

and William Twigg. J 



416 HERON'S ADDRESS. 

1705. 

William Gascoigne, "} 
"William Twigg, ( - . . 

Benjamin Thompson, & /Churchwardens, 
Bryan Cumberland, J 



1706. 

Benjamin Thompson, 

Bryan Cumberland, 

Guido Dickinson, and >Churchwardens 

Richard Tongue, J 



\ 



1109. 

John Bradshaw, \ 

Robert Woggden, f ~, , , 

John Flowtr, and ( Churchwardens. 

Richard Lovett, ) 

1710. 

John Flower, **\ 

Riehard Lovett, ( ~ , - 

Matthew Derry, and > C hurchwardens. 

William Killinger, J 

1711. 

Matthew Derry, • "\ 
William Killinger, ( ^, , , 

Edmund Mowtr, and ^Churchwardens. 

Joseph M arris, J 

1712. 

Joseph Marris, ") 

Charles Wilson, ( ™ , , 

Richard Reade, and ^Churchwardens . 

Richard Hawding, J 

1713. 

Richard Reade, ^ 

Richard Hawding, !«, , , 

Henry Martin, and Churchwardens. 

loKn AnJjBeld, J 



HERON'S ADDRESS. 



417 



1714. 

Francis Spragging 
Richard Parker, 
Edward Eastland, and 
Thomas Wilson, 

1715. 

Edward Eastland, 
Thomas Wilson, 
Joseph Lund, and 
Edward Smith, 

1716. 

Joseph Lund, 
Edward Smith, 
John Cheetam, and 
John Smith, 

1717. 

John Cheetam, 
John Cliffe, 
John Harrison, and 
Daniel Caparne, 



} 
} 



Churchwardens. 



Churchwardens. 



Churchwardens. 



>Churchwardens, 



1718. 

John Harrison, 

Daniel Caparne, 

William Cooke, and f Ch 

John Twentyman, J 



I 



1719. 

William Cooke, 
John Twentyman, 
Mark Bernfather, and ) 
Thomas Gregg, J 



} 



Churchwardens. 



1720. 



Mark Bernfather, 
Thomas Gregg, 
Thomas Johnson, 
Terwaite Gibson, 



^Churchwardens, 



i 



418 



HERON'S ADDRESS. 



1721. 

Thomas Johnson, 
Terwaite Gibson, 
Robert Fisher and 
John Pocklington, 

1722. 

Robert Fisher, and 
John Pocklington, 
Thomas Haslam, and 
Stephen Bradshaw, 

1723. 

Thomas Haslam, and 
Stephen Bradshaw, 
John Twentyman, jun. 



^Churchwardens. 



> Churchwardens, 



J 



> Churchwardens, 



Richard Wilson, 



J 



1724. 



The Account of John Twentyman, jun. Richard Wilson , 
Churchwardens, William Hoyes, Robert Spragging, Side- 
men, for the yeare ending at Easter, 1725, made and taken 
in the parish of Newarke, June, 1725, before Mr. Benja- 
min Farnsworth, Mayor, Mr. Rastall and Mr. Marris, 
Justices of the Peace, and Mr. Bernard Wilson, Vicar, 
and other Inhabitants of the said Town of Newarke. 

1725. 



Robert Spragging, and 
William Hoyes, 
Edward Wilson, and 
Henry Fisher, 

1726. 

Edward Wilson, and 
Henry Fisher, 
Thomas Milnes, and 
J ames Tomlinson, 

1727. 

Thomas Milnes, and 
James Thomlinson, 
John ( lough, and 
Francis Noble, 



> Churchwardens. 
>Sidemen. 

Churchwardens. 
-Sidemen. 

Churchwardens. 

•Sidemen* 



HERON'S ADDRESS. 419 



1728. 

John Clough and ^churchwarden 

Francis Noble, j 

Matthias Cumberland, l sidemen> 
Francis Marshal, 



>. 



1729. 

^Zt s «t ng ' and } Sidemen - 

1130. 

&a^fot S,and } ChUrChwarde - 
Roger Pocklington, and ) Sidempn 
Charles Dranfteld, j^emen. 

1731. 

The Accompt of Roger Pocklington, and Charles Dran- 
neld, Churchwardens, lor the year ending at Easter, 1732. 

1732, 1733, 1734, 1735, 1736. 

William Handley, and ") „ u u , 
John Potter, J Churchwardens. 

1737. 

The Accompt of John Potter, Churchwarden for the 
year ending at Easter 1738. 

1738, 1739. 

William Linthwaite, and 1 pr^,. , 
Samuel Foster, j Churchwardens. 

1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 1745, 1746, 1747. 

William Linthwaite, and 1 ^ u u , 
Thomas Milnes, j Churchwardens. 



We have here given you the stiles, or 
abstracts thereof, of every year which is enter- 



420 HERON'S ADDRESS. 

ed in the parish book from 1626, the accompts 
of sixteen years having been omitted to be 
entered, viz. of 1632, 1633, 1685, 1686, 1687, 
1688, 1694, 1695, 1697, 1699, 1701, 1702, 1703, 
1707, and 1708 ; but for all these years except 
1707 blanks are left in the respective places 
to enter the accompts upon. The accompt 
for 1707 (as appears by a memorandum) is not 
entered because of the extravagancies ; but 
omitted to prevent evil examples to futurity. 

The Church-wardens of the years 1629, 
1630, 1631, 1662, 1665, 1666 and 1672, though 
all four named as passing the Church-wardens 
accompt, yet happen not to be called by their 
name of office, whereas the four officers of all 
the other years to 1723, inclusive are expressly 
stiled Church-wardens. This omission has 
occasioned a variance of our abstract of the 
above years from all the rest ; we have given 
you at large the stile of 1629, being the first 
of those years, by which the variance appears 
to arise merely from a negligent omission of 
the word Church-wardens and not from other 
cause. These neglects (if to be so called) 



HERON'S ADDRESS. 421 

might reasonably have been more than the 
few which have happened ; for the Coucher 
being (as it is truly intituled) a remembrance 
of the acts of the Church-wardens, it was not 
necessary to have called them such in any one 
of the year's accompts, the thing so plainly 
bespeaks itself. 

In the stile for 1647, it is observable that 
Robert Becke, though one of the two juniors, 
whom the Vicar pretends, in this dispute, to 
be but Sidemen, is expressly named as one of 
the surviving Church-wardens and appears 
there as passing his Church-warden accompt. 

The accompt for the year 1651, is passed 
by only three Church-wardens, but it appears 
from the last item, that four Church- ward ens 
were elected, one of the four having died in 
his office. 

The stile of 1654, is extremely remarkable : 
it is the accompt of John Barber, Richard 
Parker, Thomas Burnet and John Readyards, 
Church-wardens, of whom the two latter 



422 HERON'S ADDRESS. 

appear to be the junior Church-wardens, who 
were elected (according to the usual method) 
with two others for the year following : Now 
these two were William Graunt and Robert 
Collett, who were in 1635, the two juniors. 
On April 27th, 1655, (before which time the 
Church-wardens for 1655, were chosen) the 
Church-wardens, for the year preceding, pass 
their accompt before the Mayor and others, 
amongst them William Graunt and Robert 
Collett; which persons though the juniors 
are expressly named as new Church-wardens 
chosen to serve in that place, together with the 
said Thomas Burnet and John Readyards. 
Note, William Graunt and Robert Collett, are 
not only called Church-wardens, but are 
particularly mentioned, for the very reason 
that they were the new Church-wardens ; 
before whom, as such, as well as the parish- 
ioners in general, the Church-warden accompt 
ought to be taken. Could any thing be 
penned stronger in support of the office of the 
four Church-wardens ? But this is not the 
only instance, the stiles of 1657, 1658, and 
1659, are all after the same manner, with thfc 



HERON'S ADDRESS. 423 

weighty addition that for the year 1657, the 
then Vicar appears to be one of the persons 
who took the accompt of that year. 

In the stile for 1655, William Graunt though 
the very junior Church-warden of that year, 
is singly called a Church-warden (being fellow 
Church-warden to the other). The accompt 
likewise appears to have been taken before 
the Mayor, Vicar, the four new Church-wardens 
and others. 

It is very remarkable that from the year 
1626, (with which the toucher begins) unto 
the year 1723 inclusive, it expressly appears 
by the stiles of each year there were four 
Church-wardens, except in 1661 and 1696, 
for the former whereof but two Church-ward- 
ens and for the latter but three Church- wardens 
pass their accompt ; yet we cannot but con- 
clude, that in those years as well as all 
others there were four Church-wardens, and 
that the officers absent were either dead, 
hindered by sickness or other cause from at- 
tending the accompt. But thr entry of \6 A )h 



424 



HERON'S ADDRESS. 



determines clearly in favour of the parish, 
three Church-wardens equally contradict the 
notion of two Sidemen, and perhaps the 
Church-warden absent from that year's ac- 
compt might be the Vicar's Church-warden. 

It is a remark vastly material, that the 
Vicars (betwixt whom only and the parish can 
arise this dispute) have, as well as the parish- 
ioners, very much attended at and taken these 
accompts of the four Church-wardens ; Dr. 
Mosely, the Vicar allowed them from the year 
1634, to 1641, both inclusive. Mr. Truman, 
the Vicar allowed the accompts for the years 
1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1647 and 1648. Mr. 
Hawkes, the Vicar for 1655, 1656, and 1657. 
Mr. White, the Vicar (afterwards Lord Bishop 
of Peterborough) for 1660, 1662, 1663 and 
1665. Dr. Pearson, the Vicar for 1666. Mr. 
Smith, the Vicar from 1669 to 1692 both in- 
clusive, and for 1698 and 1700, Mr. Stanfield y 
the Vicar allowed the accompts for 1704, 1705, 
1706 and 1713; and his successor, the present 
Vicar for 1721, 1722 and 1723. 



HERON'S ADDRESS. 425 

BUT now behold, the stile of the accompt 
for so late a year as 17*24, (being in the time 
of our present Vicar) is the very first which 
takes notice of Sidemen ; but why must we 
believe the entry of that year against the united 
testimony of all the preceding years ? Are we 
more able at this day to discover the truth 
than those who lived nearest to the time when 
the four Church-wardens were first con- 
stituted ? 

If therefore the question must be deter- 
mined by old forms it is clear beyond dispute 
we are four Church- war dens. But the altera- 
tions of ancient forms is commonly attended 
by inconveniences, and often by absurdities. 
Consider what the accompt is, it is that of the 
Church-wardens ; if then two of the four are 
Sidemen j is it not extremely ridiculous to join 
them in the matter with the* Church-wardens? 
The Sidemen's accompt is what neither we 
nor any of you ever heard of; they have not to 
do with money affairs. You may see in the 
90th Canon what the office of a Sidemen is 
[viz] to observe that the parishioners resort to 

E E 



> 



426 HERON'S ADDRESS. 

and behave reverently in the Church. This 
manner of entering Sidemen in the Church- 
warden accompt was used seven years and 
then discontinued; by reason, perhaps, of the 
impropriety of Sidemen passing that or any 
other accompt. But instead of restoring the 
ancient form of the stiles of 1731, the subse- 
quent years contain the names of only two of 
the Church- ward ens. Two changes therefore 
have been made within these few years both 
contrary to the old received forms. 

In confirmation of the Coucher, we find 
upon a balk over the middle alley of the 
Church (conspicuous to the whole parish) the 
names of Joseph Marris, Charles Wilson, 
Richard Rende, and Richard Hawding, which 
have all of them conjointly the addition of 
Church-warden in the year 1713; Also (which 
is more strong) upon the great bell are the 
names of Joseph Marris and Charles Wilson, 
Church-wardens 1713, and upon the 7th or 
next bell the names of Richard Reade and 
Richard Hawding, Church-wardens 1713, for 
if the two last were no other than Sidemen it 



HERON'S ADDRESS. 427 

had been very easy [being separated from the 
other two] to have so called them upon the 
7th bell. But indeed the names of all four 
being put upon the balk, &c. is an evidence of 
their office; Sidemen having no more to do 
with Church repairs than with the accompt 
concerning those repairs. 

Mr. Magnus makes not any mention in his 
deed of Ordinances what the number of 
Churchwardens was; yet from the nature of 
his trust it must appear there could not at 
that time have been less than four. This great 
donor wisely intended a proper balance in the 
management of his charities; but had the 
Vicar chose one Churchwarden and the parish 
only another, the Vicar must, in course, have 
had the sole power of his estates. The late 
decree in Chancery [as in Brown's estate] 
where it directs the calling in of two of the 
Churchwardens chosen by the parishioners, 
discovers a very prudent care; the Vicar would 
naturally have called in his own Churchwarden, 
therefore had he not been restrained, the 
balance could not possibly have been preserved. 

kk2 



428 HERONS ADDRESS. 

And for this reason, the parishioners ought not 
to elect as any one of their Churchwardens, 
a person under the influence of the Vicar. 

Another argument that the Churchward- 
ens are four in number may be drawn from 
the like number of Overseers. In the year 
1601, being the 43d of Queen Elizabeth an act 
was passed for relief of the poor and also four, 
three or two substantial householders [to be 
nominated by two Justices of the Peace] 
having respect to the proportion and great- 
ness of each parish. Now could any step be 
more natural than to follow the number of 
Churchwardens in each parish? The great- 
ness of the parish, which made the four 
Churchwardens necessary or convenient, would 
equally make so the same number of Overseers. 

We have likewise the opinion of the pre- 
sent Lord Chancellor in our favour, who in his 
decree (after hearing the proofs in the cause 
and the books relating to the parochial affairs) 
calls us the fot*r Churchwardens, and this not 
casually but With great advice and delibera 



HERON'S ADDRESS. 429 

tion; the decree, so far as it concerns the 
estates of Magnus and Brown being wholly 
founded on the reality of four Churchwardens. 
The Lord Chancellor's view was to pursue, as 
near as might be, the directions of the founders. 
Mr. Magnus, in particular had joined the 
Churchwardens in trust with others, had 
therefore two of the four officers been Side- 
men, the decree had neither stiled them 
Churchwardens nor made them Trustees. 
Mr. Brown indeed does not mention the 
Churchwardens in his will, and yet the Chan- 
cellor takes notice of the Churchwardens 
chosen by the parishioners in regard to Mr. 
Brown's estate. But he added them to the 
trust, not as primarily concerned, only to be 
called in if the Mayor and Vicar should disa- 
gree, or one of them be absent ; in neither of 
which cases could any thing be done without 
a provision of some other assistance. It is 
worth observation that the entry of Sidemen in 
the stiles of the Churchwardens accompt was 
begun before that Chancery suit commenced, 
and that the Vicar was himself a party to the 
suit. 



430 HERONS ADDRESS. 

The customary day of election is Easter 
Tuesday, the parish clerk notwithstanding has 
always on Easter Sunday (to remind the parish- 
ioners) published a notice in the Church; and 
what is the notice that has been given ? That 
the parishioners may meet to chuse Church- 
wardens, not one word of Sidemen having ever 
been mentioned. The parishioners then have 
assembled to elect and accordingly have elect- 
ed persons to be Churchwardens, if so, how 
can these persons be called Sidemen ? Such 
was the notice preceding our election, we 
were all elected and by the Spiritual Court 
admitted into the office of Churchwardens, 
We all at the same time laid our hands upon 
the book and took the Churchwarden^ oath 
(given us by the Chancellor of the diocese) we 
took the oath which was offered, nor was it 
objected to as a new thing. 

But, (for argument's sake) let us suppose 
a parish where more than two Churchwardens 
were never elected or heard of; yet if the 
parishioners shall find the largeness of concerns 
to require (and accordingly shall elect) four 



HERON'S ADDRESS. 431 

Churchwardens, the Spiritual Court (we ap- 
prehend) has a discretionary power to admit 
and swear all of them into the office. An 
increase of inhabitants, addition of new trusts, 
&c. may render an augmentation necessary of 
the number of Churchwardens. 

If reason tell us that in every parish the 
Churchwardens should be as many as the 
Overseers of the poor (the Churchwardens 
being also entrusted w T ith the Overseer's office) 
how unwarrantable must all endeavours be to 
deprive this parish of two of the four Church- 
wardens ? Officers, who have the care not only 
of the Church and Poor (as in other parishes) 
but also of the Charity estates. 

But this fancy that two of your officers 
are Sidemen will be found upon a review to 
contradict the very sense of mankind. Can we 
imagine the two juniors were elected and 
sworn Sidemen, and at the same time remem- 
ber that in the Churchwarden's accompt they 
are constantly stiled Churchwardens, that as 
such they pass and before them the same 



432 HERON'S ADDRESS. 

accompt is passed, that the Vicars have suc- 
cessively signed the accompts of the four 
Churchwardens, that the names of the juniors 
are set up in the Church as Churchwardens, 
that as such they have collected the Church- 
rate and money upon charity briefs, sign certi- 
ficates, &c. that bills are presented by them 
with the other Churchwardens for not paying 
to the Church-rate, that notice has ever been 
given to elect Churchwardens, &c. ? All these 
things are inconsistent with the notion of 
Sidemen ; had the juniors been truly such, so 
known to be or esteented, these usages and 
forms could never obtained or been so invari- 
ably continued. 

Thus far in defence of that right which the 
parishioners have always exercised of electing 
three Churchwardens; but let us now consider 
what has been done by and what has been the 
power of all the preceding Vicars. It does not 
appear nor can any inference be drawn from 
the Coucher that the Vicars of the parish have 
anciently nominated even one of the four 
Churchwardens neither (as we believe) from 



HERON'S ADDRESS. 433 

the record? of the Ecclesiastical Court. But 
if the former Vicars really have nominated a 
Churchwarden, it is evident by the Coucker, 
the person named was one of the juniors elected 
by the parish the year preceding. Even the 
present Vicar himself (inducted in the year 
1719) followed the old custom many years of 
nominating out of the junior Churchwardens 
(chosen by the parishioners the year before) as 
is manifest by the succession of those officers. 
Hence it appears that Vicars could have little 
or no power from their nomination ; >for, if the 
Vicars, for form's sake, did nominate it was 
ever one whom the parish had chosen the year 
before. But the present Vicar is the first that 
has made it his practice to nominate a person 
not before elected by the parishioners ; con- 
stantly the same person; who professes (as 
from a principle of duty) not to join in any one 
thing but as approved of by the Vicar. This 
innovation is attended with a very great acqui- 
sition to the Vicar's power beyond what any 
of his predecessors ever enjoyed. But we are 
far from stopping here; have not applications 
been made to several of you to elect likewise 



434 



HERON'S ADDRESS, 



all the other persons under his influence ? But 
if the Vicars refuse to nominate as heretofore, 
one of the juniors first elected by the parish, 
or to trust any gentleman or tradesman from 
amongst yourselves (except the same person 
perpetually nominated) what confidence can 
induce you to elect such your Churchwardens 
as are dependant upon the Vicar, or to trust 
him more than he pleases to trust any of you? 
Nay, at the very time when he disputes your 
right of electing Churchwardens, and would 
reduce even two of your three Churchwardens 
into Sidemen. Ponder these things, consider 
the consequence and beware; think yearly of 
Easter Tuesday, and attend upon the interest- 
ing business of that day. Be jealous of your 
rights, be vigilant, and chuse them your 
officers who are willing and know how to 
serve you, and will have a frugal care of the 
Monies you shall entrust with them. 

We have now gentlemen proved from the 
Coucher, and by other arguments, that you 
have a right to elect three Churchwardens 
agreeably to the ancient practice of this parish; 



HERON'S ADDRESS. 435 

and that until late you have in effect elected 
all four. We must now beg your patience to 
offer an observation or two of another kind, 
which may be of some use to the parish. In 
passing the Churchwarden accompts, the 
parishioners, till of late, have used to sign the 
accompt not in the Coucher, but upon a sheet 
of paper, which being signed, was the Church- 
warden's discharge, and delivered to and kept 
by them as such; and a copy thereof was en- 
tered in the parish book to be a guide and 
direction to future Churchwardens. But the 
five last year's accompts have been allowed 
and signed by the parishioners in the Coitcher, 
a method not at all proper or convenient, for 
if any articles be objected to, and disallowed, 
this must needs make great confusion in the 
entries. Neither is it safe for the Church- 
warden who is to be discharged. Besides as 
the Coucher is in the custody only of the 
Churchwardens for the time being, if former 
officers have not their accompts but only in 
that Coucher, the parishioners may be often 
imposed upon in passing the Churchwarden 
accompt. Innovations and abuses are more 



436 



HERON'S ADDRESS. 



easily discovered by comparison of present 
accompts with former. It is observable by 
the stiles that until of late years the Mayor, 
Justices and Vicar, as such as well as the 
parishioners attended at the taking the ac- 
compts; settled the form and items thereof 
and after the same were allowed, transcribed 
them into the Coucher book; for this the 
ancient fee was 3$. Ad. but afterwards encreased 
to 6s. 8d. The Town Clerk's settling- and 
entering the accompts was of great use to the 
parish, the items were better distinguished 
than of late, it is now frequently entered 
Paid to A. B. as per bill — which is not in the 
least instructive to succeeding officers ; not 
only the name should appear, but also where 
and upon what account the same was laid out 
together with the workmen's wages and prices, 
as formerly was always done. This method 
of entry lays also a proper restraint upon the 
Churchwardens, should extravagancies escape 
observation upon passing the accompt, which 
is some times done negligently and in a hurry; 
vet the severer scrutiny of succeeding officers 
might make a discovery. Then for entering 



HERON'S ADDRESS. 437 

records, men of the law are more used to the 
proper hands, it must be imagined that gene- 
rally a Town Clerk would write a stronger 
and more legible character and in a less com- 
pass than a succession of persons chosen into 
the Churchwarden's office. The Town Clerk 
likewise being to settle the form of each item 
may check even the very first thoughts of en- 
gaging in exorbitances. They cannot then 
be concealed from the Town Clerk, he is 
interested as a parishioner and may urge the 
proper objections upon passing the accompt. 

We are 

Gentlemen, 

Your most faithful servants, 

»?™™ R hI!; d .^ 1 Churchwardens chosen bv 

Richard Herring, > .. . ._■_, 

William Martin, J the pansh.oners. 

Newark upon Trent, 
March 9tk, 1743. 



438 



GUILDS, 

OR 

ANCIENT CORPORATIONS. 



The word Guild is a Saxon term, signify- 
ing company or fraternity. Man is a grega- 
rious animal, not a whit the more harmless 
for his congregating. Sheep flock together for 
the purpose of procuring food : Wolves herd 
together for the purpose of procuring food 
also, usually called prey. Why sustenance 
of the canine animal should be stigmatized 
by the epithet of prey, would perhaps puzzle 
a wiser head than that attached to the body of 
the present reader. Wolves were created, 
therefore, in order to preserve existence. 
Wolves must eat; it is rather more than 
suspected, were the flesh of those said Wolves 
adapted to our taste, they would then be 



GUILDS, OR ANCIENT CORPORATIONS. 439 

complimented by the terms, congregating, 
flocking, nay, to serve at a pinch associating, 
for people, in general, are wonderfully civil 
to any thing they are in the contemplation of 
biting. Interest, curiosity, or fear, will draw 
to the same focus the most discordant atoms 
in the homo genus. Hume, speaking of the 
Anglo-Saxons, perhaps points out as clearly 
the origin of combination as can possibly be 
conceived. " Among that military and turbu- 
lent people, so averse to commerce and the 
arts, and so little enured to industry, justice 
was commonly very ill administered, and great 
oppression and violence seem to have prevailed. 
These disorders would be increased by the 
exorbitant power of the aristocracy; and 
in their turn contribute to encrease it. Men, 
not daring to rely on the guardianship of the 
laws, were obliged to devote themselves to the 
service of some chieftain, whose orders they 
followed, even to the disturbance of the govern- 
ment, or the injury of their fellow citizens, 
and who afforded them, in return, protection 
from any insult or injustice by strangers. 
Hence we find, by the extfatets which Dr. 



440 GUILDS, OR ANCIENT CORPORATIONS. 

Brady has given us from Domesday, that 
almost all the inhabitants, even of towns, had 
placed themselves under the clientship of some 
particular nobleman, whose patronage they 
purchased by annual payments, and whom 
they were obliged to consider as their sove- 
reign, more than the king himself, or even the 
legislature. A client, though a free man, was 
supposed so much to belong to his patron, 
that his murderer was obliged by law to pay 
a fine to the latter, as a compensation for his 
loss ; in the like manner as he paid a fine to 
the master for the murder of his slave. 

Men who were of a more considerable 
rank, but not powerful enough, each to support 
himself by his own independent authority, 
entered into formal confederacies with each 
other, and composed a kind of separate com- 
munity, which rendered itself formidable to 
all agressors." 

In process of time, men of still minor rank 
formed associations of this nature, and, after 
the coming in of the Normans it became cus- 



GUILDS, OR ANCIENT CORPORATIONS. 441 

tomary for the crown to grant incorporative 
charters to cities and towns for the purpose of 
the principal merchants and traders forming 
themselves into certain fraternities called 
guilds or gilds ; these soon began to assume 
an aspect of higher authority, and, like 
churches and religious houses, each had its 
patron Saint. The principal at Newark, on 
record, were 

The Guild of the Holy Trinity. 

of the Virgin Mary. 

— — — of the Holy Richard de Newark. 

of St. Peter. 

of Mary Magdalene. 

of Corpus Christi. 

Whether the number of Guilds was such 
as to admit of an Alderman to be placed at 
the head of each, is uncertain ; but in the 
Feoffment made by Magnus, the Alderman of 
the Town is stated, to be the Alderman of the 
Guild of the Holy Trinity, and the Aldermen 
of Mary Maivdelyn, Our Ladie and Corpus 
Christi Guilds are particularly specified. 



k w 



442 GUILDS, OR ANCIENT CORPORATIONS. 

The Alderman of Trinity Guild is also 
mentioned in Brown's Will. The Guilds were 
extinguished before the time of Phillipot 
executing his Testament. 

All the incorporated companies in London 
were formerly styled Guilds, from whence the 
Hall denominated Guild-hall. 

The term is now nearly obsolete, yet, at 
Preston, in Lancashire, every twentieth year 
a very grand jubilee is celebrated, called 
Preston Guild, whereon are artisan proces- 
sions, somewhat resembling those at Coventry* 
It commences with the last week in August 
and continues one month. The regular period 
of return will be in 1822. 

* Vide P, 22, 



443 



INCORPORATION 

OF THE 

TOWN OF NEWARK 



In the third year of the reign of Edward 
the sixth, (1559) a Charter of incorporation 
was granted by that Monarch, under which it 
was governed by an Alderman and twelve As- 
sistants. 

LIST OF THE 4LDERMEN. 

Anth. Forster, 1549, 3E.6.William Leverit, 1558, 1 El. 

William Phillipot, 1550, 4 Edward Kelsterne, 1559, 2 

William Riggs, 1551, 5 John Brignell, 1560, 3 

Hugh Kelsterne, 1552, 6 ' John Key, 1561, 4 

Edward Sainton, 1553,1 Mar.Humphrey Taylor, 1562, 5 

Robert Howes, 1554, 2 William Leverit, 1563, 6 

Phillip Robinson, 1555, 3 William Robinson, 1564, 7 

John Corbridge, 1556, 4 William Blank, 1565, 8 

Richard Leverton, 1557, 5 Christopher Stow, 1566, 9 

v k 2 



444 



INCORPORATION. 



Edward Sainton, 1567, 10 El. 
Edward Kelsterne, 1568, 11 
William Harrison, 1569, 12 
William Standley, 1570, 13 
John Brignell, 1571, 14 

Thomas Bate, 1572, 15 

George Bridges, 1573, 16 
William Leverit, 1574, 17 
Christopher Stow, 1575, 18 
Thomas Parker, 1576, 19 
George Thexton, 1577, 20 
Edward Kelsterne, 1578, 21 
William Harrison, 1579, 22 
Christ. Jenison, 1580, 23 
Edward Brown, 1581, 24 
John Death, 1582, 25 

Thomas Bate, 1583, 26 

Anthony Haslam, 1584, 27 
George Bridges, 1585, 28 
Ed. Metheringham, 1586, 29 
Nicholas Goddard, 1587, 30 
Thomas Cross, 1588,31 

Thomas Herring, 1589, 32 
Brian Houlston, 1590, 33 
William Harrison, 1591, 34 
William Parker, 1592, 35 
Christopher Jenison, 1593, 36 
John Burton, 1594, 37 

William Standley, 1595,38 



Anthony Haslam, 1596, 39 EL 
Thomas Hartley, 1597, 40 
Ed. Metheringham, 1598, 41 
Thomas Hobman, 1599,42 
Christ. Thompson, 1600, 43 
William Parke, 1601, 44 
Edward Death, 1602, 45 
Henry Webster, 1603, 1 J. L 
Robert Brignell, 1604, 2 
Christ. Jenison, 1605, 3 
Robert Webb, 1606, 4 

Peter King, 1607, 5 

Ed. Metheringham, 1608, 6 
John Twentyman, 1609, 1 
Bar thol. Martin, 1610, 8 
Thomas Taylor, 1611, 9 
John Brownlow, 1612, 10 
Henry Webster, 1613, 11 
John Noble, 1614, 12 

Richard Burkitts, 1615, 13 
Thomas Jenison, 1616, 14 
Robert Good, 1617, 15 

Christ. Haslam, 1618, 16 
Richard Herring, 1619, 17 
Jn. Metheringham, 1620, 18 
Peter Smith, 1621, 19 

John Jenison, 1622, 20 

Thomas Hobman, 1623, 21 
John Brownlow, 1624, 22 



INCORPORATION. 445 

1625. 
King Charles I. granted a new Charter to 
the Town of Newark, and instituted a body 
corporate by the name of the Mayor and 
Aldermen of Newark upon Trent, in the 
County of Nottingham. Henry Gill was 
appointed the first and original Mayor ; the 
first twelve Aldermen were as under 

John Brownlow, Peter Smith, John Standish, 

John Noble, John Jenison, Henry Clifton, 

Thomas J enison, Thomas Hobman, Christ. Wilson, 
Christopher Haslam, Wm. Middlebrook, Robert Outrara. 

They were empowered to have " a good 
and discreet man, learned in the laws of 
England, to be Recorder." 

A LIST OF THE MAYORS OF NEWARK. 



..Peter Smith, 1C33, 9 C. I 

Anthony Hobman, 1634, 10 
John Jenison, 1635,11 

Matthew Mercer, 1636, 12 
Lancelet Thompson, 1637, 13 
Thomas Greece, 1638, 14 
John Johnson, 1639, 15 

John Standish, . 16 



Henry Gill, 


1625, 


1C 


John Standish, 


1626, 


2 


Henry Clifton, 


1627, 


3 


Thomas Jenison, 


1628, 


4 


Christ. Wilson, 


1629, 


5 


Christ. Haslam, 


1630, 


6 


John Noble, 


1631, 


7 


Edward Standish, 


1632, 


8 



446 



INCORPORATION, 



Thomas Atkinson, 1641, 17 C.l George Birkbank, 



Christ. Wilson, 

Thomas Arnold, 

Hercules Clay, 

Thomas Smith, 

William Baker, 

Henry Camm, 

Lancelet Thompson 1648, 24 

William Wilson, 1649, 25 



1642, 18 

1643, 19 

1644, 20 
1645,21 

1646, 22 

1647, 23 



1673, 14C.2 

1674, 15 

1675, 16 

1676, 17 
167T, 18 



Robert Wilson, 1650, 



FrancisFitzwilliams, 1 65 1 , 


n 

►■s 


Jeffery Htbdon, 


1652, 


B 


Benjamin Wilson, 


1653, 




Matthew Jenison, 


1654, 


O 


Christ. Wilson, 


1655, 




Matthew Newham, 


1656, 


ft 


John Jenison, 


1657, 




William Martin, 


1658, 


c 
B 



William Hobman, 

Charles Dennis, 

Robert Atkinson, 

Christ. Haslam, 

Richard Herring', 

Leonard Jenison, 

Hugh Treece, 

Edward Newton, 

Robert Hoyes, 

William Brown, 

John M arris, 

William Martin, 

William Basledine, 1671,12 

Robert Gregg, 1672, 13 



Thomas Hodson, 
Robert iMartin, 
Isaac Sherwin, 
Dennis Cooling, 
William Twentymanl678, 19 

William Hobman, 1679, 20 

John Girton, 1680, 21 

John M arris, 1681,22 

Richard Read, 168?, 23 

William Martin, 1683, 24 

William Martin, 1 684, 25 

William Rastall, 1685, 1 J. 2. 

George Birkbank, 1686, 2 

Robert Marris, 1687, 3 

Alexander Clark, 1688, 4 

Isaac Sherwin, 1 689, 1 w.m. 

JohnWhaley, 1690, 2 
1659, R.C.William Twentymanl691, 3 
1660, 1 C. 2 Matthew Alvey, 1692^ 4 

1661, 2 William Hobman, 1693, 5 

Richard Rawson, 1694, 6 

Hichard Read, 1695, 1 W.3. 
William Pocklingtonl 696, 2 

Edward Hobson, 1697, 

William Martin, 1698, 
Solomon Bettinson, 1 699, 



1662, 
1663, 
1664, 
1665, 
1666, 
1667, 
1668, 

1669, 10 

1670, 11 



Robert Marris, 
William Snell, 
Timothy Ellis, 
John Cooke, 
John Milnes, 



1700, 
1701, 



1702, I Ann 

1703, 2 

1704, 3 



INCORPORATION. 



447 



Matthew Alvey, 

Samuel Rastall, 

Thomas Lunde, 

Samuel Peete, 

Robert Marris, 

John Herring, 

Roger Pocklington, 

Solomon Bettinson, 

J ohn Taylor, 

John Cooke, 

John Milnes, 

Thomas Clark, 

Edward Moore, 

Samuel Rastall, 

Henry Martin, 

Christ Buckley, 

Edward Eastland, 

Robert Marris, 

John Herring, 

Benj. Farnsworth, 

J oseph Lund, 

John Taylor, 

William Hoyes, 

John Milnes, 

Thomas Wilson, 

Edward Smith, 

Samuel Rastall, 

Henry Martin, 

Christ Buckley, & 
Joseph Lund, 

Edward Eastland, 
Robert Marris, 



1705, 4 AnnThomas Haslam, 1736, 10G.2 



1706, 
1707, 
1708, 
1709, 
1710, 
1711, 10 
1112, 11 
1713, 12 



17UJ, 

1717, 

1718, 

1719, 

1720, 

1721, 

1722, 

1723, 10 

1724, 11 

1725. 12 

1726. 13 



Benj. Far ns worth, 1737, 11 
Joseph Lund, 1738, 12 

Francis Noble, 1739, 13 

William Hoyes, 1740, 14 

John Clough, 1741, 15 

John Pocklington, 1742, 16 

1743, 17 

1744, 18 

1745, 19 

1746, 20 

1747, 21 



Edward Smith, 
Samuel Rastall, 

17! 4, 1 G. I Thomas Killinger, 

1715, 2 William Hoyes, 
Edward Eastland, 

Richard Harrison, 1748, 22 

Thomas Haslam, 1749, 23 

John Twentyman, 1750, 24 

Joseph Lund, 1751, 25 

Francis Noble, 1752, 26 

William Wells, 1753, 27 

John Clough, 1754,28 

Timothy Rastall, 1755, 29 

Joseph Sikes, 1756, 30 

Robert Spragging, 1757, 31 

1727,1 G. 2 Samuel Twentyman, 1758, 32 

1728, 2 Thomas Milnes, 1759,33 

William Handley, 1760, 34 

John Smith, 1761, 1 G, 

Thomas Hiislam, 1762, 2 

John Twentyman, 1763, 3 

John Milnes, 1764, 4 

Henry Milnes, 1765, 5 

Timothy Rastall, 1766, 6 

Joseph Sikes, 1767, 7 



1729, 
1730, 
1731, 

1732, 

•1733, 

1731, 
1735, 



448 



INCORPORATION 



The Earl of Lincoln, I 17 _ .Thomas Bland, 1793, 33G.3 
and R. Spragging, J i/0 *>°^David Stephenson, 1794,34 



SamuelTwentyman,1769, 9 
Thomas Spragging, 1770, 10 
William Handley, 1771, 11 
Samuel Brooksby, 1772, 12 
Thomas Haslam, 1773, 13 
Richard Eastland, 1774, 14 
John Ridgill, 1775, 15 

Henry Milties, 1776, 16 

Robert Foster, 1777, 17 

Samuel Sketchley, 1778, 18 
William Martin, 1779, 19 
Joseph Sikes, 1780, 20 

David Stephenson, 1781,21 
Samuel Twentyman,1782, 22 
Thomas Spragging, 1783, 23 
William Handley, 1784, 24 
Samuel Brooksby, 1785, 25 
John Godfrey, 1786, 26 

George Lawrence, 1787, 27 
J ames Guthrie, 1 788, 28 

Henry Miines, 1789,29 

William Jessop, 1790, 30 
Samuel Sketchley, 1791, 31 
William Martin, 1792, 32 



Robert Buck, M. D.1795, 35 
Thomas Spragging, 1796, 36 
William Ffarmerie, 1797, 37 
John Godfrey, 1798, 3« 

Charles Moor, 1799, 39 

George Lawrence, 1800, 40 
J ames Guthrie, 1801, 41 
John Youle, 1802, 42 

William Jessop, 1803, 43 
Samuel Sketchley, 1804, 44 
Thomas Stansall, 1805, 45 
Thomas Bland, 1806,46 

William Parker, 1807, 47 
Robert Buck, M. D. 1808, 48 
Richard Fisher, 1809, 49 
William Ffarmerie, 1810, 50 
Charles Moor, 1811, 51 

Ed. Smith Godfrey, 1812,52 
James Dyson, 1813,53 

William Hilton, 1814, 54 
William Fillingham,18l5, 55 
William Readett, 1816, 56 
Thomas Bland, 1817, 57 
William Parker, 1818, 58 



The Mayor is chosen annually on the 29th 
of September, and acts as a Justice of the 
Peace within the Borough, during his May- 



INCORPORATION. 449 

orality, and retains the power the succeeding 
year. The senior Alderman, for the time 
being, has similar authority. 

The present Charter was granted by 
Charles II. April 4th, 1677- 

NAMES 8[ RESIDENCE OF THE ALDERMEN, 
IN 1819. 

Samuel Sketchley, Castle-gate, opposite the Trent Bridge 
Robert Buck, M. D. Wilson-street, east corner house. 
William Ffarmerie, Appleton-gate, the bottom house but one. 
Charles Moor, Balderton-gate, south-west side, centre of 

the house built by the late Rev. Dr. Wilson. 
Thomas Stansall, Vid. Market-place. 

Thomas Bland, Kirk-gate, north side opposite Middle-gate. 
William Parker, Mayor, Middle- gate, first house, west side 

north corner. 
Richard Fisher, Balderton-gate, west wing of the house 

occupied by Mr. Moor, Alderman. 
Edward Smith Godfrey, North gate, a large house on the 

east side. 
James Dyson, Vid. Market-place. 
William Hilton, Middle-gate, second house, west side, 

south end. 
William Fillingham, Vid, Market-place. 
William Readett, ditto. 



450 INCORPORATION. 

RECORDERS. 

1627, John Wood, of Woodborough. 

1645, Gilbert Boun, of Normanton, near Southwell, Ser- 
jeant at Law. 
1654, Phillip Laycock, of Woodborough. 
1680, William Rastall, of Newark. 
1686, Robert Lord Lexington, of Kelham. 
1693, George Cartwright, of Ossington. 
1723, William Cartwright, of Normanton, near Southwell. 
1743, John Heron, of Newark. 

1753, Robert Heron, of Newark. 

1754, Thomas Heron, of Newark. 
1770, Charles Mellish, of Blyth. 

1777, Sir Richard Sutton, Bart, of Norwood Park. 
1779, Charles Mellish, on his return from abroad. 
1794, Thomas Manners Sutton, of Kelham. 

1805, Job Charlton Brough, of Newark. 

1806, D'Ewes Coke, Esq. 

1811, John Balguy, Esq. Jun. of Nottingham. 

PRESENT OFFICERS of the CORPORATION. 

Reocrder, John Balguy, Esq. J un . 

Town Clerk, . . . William Edward Tallents, Esq. 

Constable, John Cartledge. 

Chamberlain, .... Robert Holmes. 

Sergeants at Mace, Joseph Cropper and Robert Palmer. 

Bellman, .... * . . John Armstrong. 



INCORPORATION. 451 

It may not be improper, in this place, to 
make the reader acquainted with the very 
honorable means by which Newark became 
possessed of its right honorable Recorder in 
the foregoing list. 

James II. not having the fear of the scaf- 
fold before his eyes, committed more acts of 
despotism, in his short reign, than any of his 
predecessors in double the time; amongst other 
royal amusements of that day, he was an adept 
at the knack of what he called " new model- 
ling Corporations, viz. turning those members 
out who were not exactly subservient to his 
vile designs, and appointing in their place, 
men more adapted to the complexion of the times. 

Accordingly, in the fourth year of his reign, 
taking advantage of a Charter he had previous- 
ly been graciously pleased to impose upon 
them, the following emanation of royal pren - 
gative w r as forthwith issued. 

" At the Court at Whitehall * the 24th of 
February, 1687- 

* His father was executed before this house only fortj 
years before. 



452 INCORPORATION. 

By the King's most excellent Ma tie and the 
Lords of his Ma ties most hono We privy Councel. 

Whereas by the Charter lately granted to 
the towne of Newarke upon Trent in the 
countie of Nottingham, a power is rsserved to 
his Ma tie by his order in councell to remove 
from their employments anie officers in the 
said town, his Ma tie in councell is pleased to 
order and it is hereby ordered that Robert 
Harris Mayor and Alderman William Martin, 
George Berkett, William Twentyman, William 
Hobman, and John Girton, be and they are 
hereby removed and displaced from their a- 
foresaid offices and places in the said towne of 
Newarke upon Trent. 

John Nicholas. 

THE KING'S LETTER. 

James R. 

Trustie and well beloved wee greet you 
well. Whereas wee have by order in councell 
thought fitt to remove Robert Marris from 
being Mayor of Newarke, William Martin, 



INCORPORATION. 453 

George Berkett, William Twenty man, Wil- 
liam Hobman and John Girton, from being 
Aldermen of our said Borough. Wee have 
thought fitt hereby to will and require you, 
forthwith to elect and admit our trustie and 
well beloved Samuel Fdlis to be Mayor and 
one of the Aldermen, Robert Heron, Gilbert 
Standishy William Welby, Timothy Ellis and 
William Haslum, to be Aldermen of our 
Borough in the room of the persons above- 
mentioned, without administering unto them 
anie oath or oaths but the usual oath for the 
execution of their respective places, with 
which wee are pleased to dispense in their 
behalfe, and for so doing this shall be your 
warrant, and so wee bid you farewell. Given 
at our Court at Whitehall the 25th day of 
February 1687 — 8 in the fourth year of our 
reign. 

By his Ma ties command, 

Sunderland/' 

To whom this letter was addressed does 
not appear; but in all probability the noble 
Lord was the " trustie and well beloved" al- 



154 



INCORPORATION. 



luded to, as he had been previously appointed 
by the infamous charter before mentioned. 
At the revolution the dispossessed Aldermen 
were restored to their rank. 



It is not unworthy of remark, that the 
persons mentioned in the letter had their 
appointment limited to the feast of St. Michael 
then next ensuing. The charter then named 
Henry Saville, Esq. John Marris, William 
Baseldine, George Burbeck, Robert Marris, 
Isaac Sherwin, William Twentyman, William 
Hobman, John Girton, Richard Read, William 
Rastall, and Alexander Clark, Aldermen for 
life, unless removed for ill behaviour, or any 
reasonable cause. It is not difficult to conceive 
who were to be the judges of that ill beha- 
viour and reasonable cause. Robert Lord 
Lexington was appointed Recorder for life, 
also John Hobman, Town Clerk during good 
behaviour j a power was likewise given to the 
Recorder to appoint a deputy for the time 
being. Then follows a provision that any or 
all of these corporators and their successors, 
shall be at all times immoveable at the King's 



INCORPORATION. 455 

pleasure under the privy seal. A power is then 
given of chusing two representatives to par- 
liament to the Mayor, Aldermen, Freemen, 
and Freeholders of forty shillings per annum. 
The reason for James' determination to a- 
bridge the right of election in the borough of 
Newark, and for his solely appointing to all 
the offices of the Corporation, without leaving 
any option to the Mayor, and Aldermen, was 
to procure the return of such persons only to 
parliament, as he imagined most likely to 
concur in the measures he had in contempla- 
tion to pursue. And that the preference 
given to Robert Lord Lexington by the court 
assay ers to the prejudice of the Marquis of 
Newcastle, appeared to be that the latter, as 
afterwards proved to be fact, wat suspected of 
being composed of Prince's Metal. 



456 



REPRESENTATIVES IN PARLIAMENT 

FOR THE 

BOROUGH OF NEWARK. 

It is conjectured that previous to the reign 
of Charles the first, Newark returned only 
one member, for it is upon record, so early as 
1592, (33 Eliz.) Mr. Hollis and Sir Gervas 
Markham were candidates in opposition. The 
family of Markham, from its influence, by 
property, generally supplied the borough, 
with that, then expensive commodity, each 
place being obliged to pay their representa- 
tives, generally at the rate of five shillings 
per day:* the regular series opens as follows. 

* Wages of this description do not appear to have been 
absolutely stationary, as in 14 Ed. III. (1341) Robert de 
Manners, ancestor of the present Duke of Rutland, and Sir 
William Felton received 23$. 4d. for 58 days attendance 



REPRESENTATIVES IN PARLIAMENT. 457 

1661. Being the first Parliament of Charles 
the second, Sir Richard Rothwell and 
Sir George Markham were elected, 

1689. The first Parliament of William and 
Mary, George Saville, of Rufford, and 
the Honorable Conyers Darcey. 

1700. John Raynor and James Sanderson 
were declared by a vote of the House 
of Commons to be the sitting mem- 
bers; and Sir Francis Molineux, who 
had been returned by the Mayor, not 
to have been duly elected. 

1707. James Sanderson and John Digby. 

1710. Sir Thomas Willoughby, of Woollaton, 

and Richard Newdigate, of Newark. 

1711. Sir Thomas Willoughby being called 

up to the House of Peers, by the title 
of Baron Middleton of Middleton, in 
the county of Warwick; he was suc- 
ceeded by the Honorable Brigadier 
General Sutton. 

each as representatives of the County of Northumberland ; 
this was somewhat below the usual rates ; but perhaps labour 
was then, as now, cheaper in the north than the south. 

G G 



458 REPRESENTATIVES IN PARLIAMENT. 

1713. Brigadier General Sutton and Richard 

Newdigate. 

1714. The first Parliament of George the 

first, Brigadier General Sutton and 
the Honorable Conyers Darcey, who 
appear to have continued till 

1723. When Brigadier General Sutton and Sir 
Mathew Jenison were returned. 

I727. Brigadier General Sutton and the Ho- 
norable James Pelham. 

I734. The same persons re-elected. 

1737. Brigadier General Sutton dying he was 
succeeded by Lord William Manners, 

1741. Lord William Manners and Job Staun- 
ton Charlton of Staunton were elected 
and served in this and the ensuing 
Parliament. 

1754. John Manners, the eldest son of Lord 
William, and Job Staunton Charlton. 

1761. The latter retired, and John Manners 
and Thomas Thoroton were returned. 

1768. John Manners and the Right Honorable 
John Shelley. 

1774. George Sutton, the eldest son of Lord 
George Sutton and Major General Sir 
Henry Clinton. 



REPRESENTATIVES IN PARLIAMENT. 459 

1780. George Sutton, gave place to his father 
the Right Honorable Lord George 
Sutton, who, with Major General, then 
Sir Henry Clinton, Knight of the 
Bath, was returned. 

1783. John Manners Sutton, the second son of 

Lord George, on the decease of his 
father was elected. 

1784. John Manners Sutton and the Right 

Honorable Constantine John Lord 
Mulgrave. 
1/90. John Manners Sutton and Lieutenant 
Colonel William Crosbie. 

1796. John Manners Sutton declined in favour 

of his younger brother Thomas Man- 
ners Sutton, who, with Colonel Mark 
Wood, was returned. 

1797. Thomas Manners Sutton re-elected, on 

vacancy by accepting an office under 
the Crown. 

1802. Thomas Manners Sutton re-elected on 
the same occasion. 

1802. At the general election, Thomas Man- 
ners Sutton and Admiral Sir Charles 
Morris Pole. 

G <; 2 



460 REPRESENTATIVES IN PARLIAMENT. 

1805. Thomas Manners Sutton again vacated^ 

and Henry Willoughby was elected, 

1806. General Cotton and Henry Willoughby. 
1812* General Cotton and Henry Willoughby, 
1814. General Cotton being called to the 

House of Peers, by the title of Lord 
Combermere, George Hay Dawkins 
Pennant was elected. 
1818. Henry Willoughby and General Sir 
William Henry Clinton. 



461 



ANCIENT 
TOPOGRAPHY OF NEWARK. 

It has been before hinted that Newark, 
during the Saxon Heptarchy, was not a place 
of much consequence or extent and it may be 
collected from Doomsday Book, that at the 
Norman invasion some English cities appear 
to be little better than villages of the present 
day. Even York, although it was always the 
second, or at least the third, city in England, 
and the capital of a great province, contained 
but 1418 families. In Norwich were 738 
houses, Exeter 315, Ipswich 538, Northamp- 
ton 60, Hertford 146, Canterbury 262, Bath 
64, Southampton 84, Warwick 225. As New- 
ark did not hold rank with these places, it 
may be fairly inferred the size and population 
was inferior to most if not all of them. It is 



462 ANCIENT TOPOGRAPHY. 

observable that although the number of inhabit- 
ants and of course of dwellings, has prodi- 
giously increased within the last century, 
nevertheless the ichnography has been much 
the same for the six last centuries, till within 
a few years past, the greater part of the 
present streets still retaining or nearly, their 
original names. 

POTTER-J)IKE, NOW LOMBARD-STREET. 

Called by Docter Stukely, Pottor's-ditch, 
and supposed by him to be even of Roman 
extraction; but the reader may attach what- 
ever degree of credit to the idea he thinks 
proper. 

BALDERTON-GATE. 

A Messuage in this street was given by 
John Durant, of Newark, to Hugh de Shelton, 
son of Robert de Flintham, by deed dated 26 
Ed. I. A. D. 1298. 

BARN BY-GATE. 

In the same year, Roger de Montford and 
Margaret his wife received a grant from 
William de Scampton, of all his right in a 
Messuage in Barnby-gate. 



ANCIENT TOPOGRAPHY. 463 

STODEMERE-STRBET. 

The Procurator of the Guild of St. Peter, 
Simon de Botisford, with the consent of his 
brethren, granted to Robert de Morton, a 
Messuage in Stodemere-street, in Newark, 
9 Ed. III. A. D. 1335. 

MIDDLE-GATE. 

Richard Brown, of Newark, released by 
deed to William de Storkum, a Messuage and 
two Shops in this Street, 31 Ed. III. A. D. 
1357. 

CARTER-GATE. 

Robert de Burton, Vicar of Wigtoft, Line, 
granted to William Ansell, Vicar of Stoke, one 
Messuage in Newark, in the Carter-gate, 
1 R. II. A. D. 1377- 

CASTLE-GATE. 

This Street is probably nearly as ancient as 
the edifice from which it takes its name, it is 
however on record that Richard Hallam, of 
Retford, and others did grant unco Robert 
Brown, a Messuage in Castle-gate, lying 
between the Castle of the Lord Bishop of 
Lincoln, and aMessuage of the Holy Trinty to 
the south, the King's highway, called Castle- 



464 ANCIENT TOPOGRAPHY. 

gate, to the east, and the River Trent on the 
west, 13 Hen, VIII. A. D. 1522. 

This Estate in the year 1532, was devised 
by the grantee, in conjuction with numerous 
others, to Trustees, for charitable uses and sold 
under the Act of Parliament of 1773. 

BEAMOND. 

Vid. Brown's Schedule, A. D. 1532. 

NORTH-GATE. 

Thomas Wheatley, of South Scarle, released 
to Robert Markham and others, a Messuage 
in Newark, in a street called North-gate, 
25 H. VIII. A. D. 1534. 

MILN-GATE. 

William Molyneax, of Hawton purchased 
of Richard Whalley of Shelford, one messuage 
in Milne-gate Newark, 32 H. VIII. A. D. 1651. 

PARISH-LANE. 

Vid. Johnson's Donation, 1655. 

KIRK-GATE, 

Vid. St. Leonard's Hospital Chief Rents, 
A, D. 1605. 

APPLETON-GATE. 

Vid. Chapman's Donation, A. D. 1619. 



ANCIENT TOPOGRAPHY. 465 

Although not any documents of higher 
antiquity have been obtainted on behalf of the 
two last mentioned streets nevertheless the 
former in respect of situation, and the latter 
from the circumstance of the religious houses, 
claim considerable observation. 

CODDINGTON-LANE. 

Vid. Phillipott's Schedule. 



OBLITERATED SITUATIONS 

Coke- 
Saffern 

Cont- 



OIS .LIU 

-rowe, 1 
rn-yard, S. 
-croft, \ 



Pavement, Vid. Phillipott's Schedule. 



466 



ANCIENT INNS. 



SARACEN'S HEAD, MARKET-PLACE. 

1341. (14 Ed. III.) A release by William 
Burnack of the whole of the said Inn. 

1399. (22 R. II.) Feoffment of part of the 
said Inn, by William de Leek, Simon 
de Leek, John de Leek, and Richard 
de Wakefield, to Thurlby and Aylston. 

1399. Feoffment by Thurlston and Aylston, 
to Sir John Leek and Richard de 
Wakefield. 

1399. Release from Roger de Bildesthorpe to 
Richard de Wakefield, of his right in 
part of the said premises. 

1404. (5 Hen. IV.) Feoffment by John de 
Bildesthorpe and Emma his wife, to 
Sir John Leek, John de Wakefield, 
and Richard de Wakefield of the said 
Inn. 



ANCIENT INNS. 467 

1405. (6 Hen. IV.) Lease from Sir John Bur- 
nack to John Greene of his greate inne, 
from the Market Stede to Potterdyke, 
rent eleven Marks sterling. 

1442. (20 Hen. VI.) Feoffment by Richard 
Wakefield, to certain persons of his 
part of the Saracen's Head Inn. 

1461. (1 Ed. IV.) Grant by Thomas Wake- 
field to the Lord Abbot of Welbeck, 
of forty shillings rent out of his part of 
the Saracen's Head Inn, and other 
Messuages in Newark. 

1485, (1 Hen. VII) Lease by A. Frecheville 
to Richard Botteral of the Saracen's 
Head, at the yearly rent of ten pounds. 

(— Hen. VII.) Conveyance by Ann 

Frecheville to Revel, of Oggston, 

of the Saracen's Head Inn. 

1538. (29 Hen. VIII.) Conveyance by Martin 
Richardson to Richard Lucas, of one 
third part the said premises. 

1564. (6 Eliz.) Lease from John Revell of 
Shirland Lodge, to Hugh Byrkit and 
Elizabeth his wife, of two parts of the 
Saracen's Head Inn, together with 



468 ANCIENT INNS. 

some land for the term of twenty-one 
years, excepting a certain shop, part 
of the said premises, in the possession 
of John Twentyman. 

1584. (26 Eliz.) Conveyance of two parts of 
the Saracen's Head Inn, by John 
Revell of Mansfield, to Peter Lucas, 
eldest son of the before mentioned 
Richard Lucas. 

1590. (32 Eliz.) Conveyance of a part of the 
Saracen's Head Inn, adjoining the 
Market-place, by Bryan Lucas, son of 
Peter Lucas, to John Twentyman. 

1592. (34 Eliz.) Conveyance of the remain- 
der by the same to the same. 

The Saracen's Head Inn continued in dif- 
ferent branches of the family, till the year 1720, 
when it was sold by John Twentyman to John 
Herring, who in the succeeding year rebuilt 
and devised it to his second son John Herring, 
from whose widow it devolved to her only 
daughter Arabella, the wife of the Rev. John 
Ridghill, by whom it was conveyed to James- 
Clark, the then occupier, in 1784 ; soon after 



ANCIENT INNS. 469 

which it was sold to the Duke of Newcastle, 
in whose family the proprietorship now re- 
mains. 

On the retiring of Mr. Clark in 1784, Mr. 
William Thompson, who had for some years 
occupied the Saracen's Head at Southwell, 
became tenant to these premises, which he 
continued to hold much to the satisfaction of 
the public, until Lady-day, 1819, when he 
quitted the bustle of an active life in Newark 
for the rural scenes of Winthorpe. It was to 
this place Colonel John Hutchinson was re- 
moved subsequent to the brutal treatment re- 
ceived by him at the Talbot. 

A modern writer, transcribing from the 
Harleam Miscellany, and speaking of this cir- 
cumstance, says, u Sir Francis Leek and Cecil 
Cooper, were the active agents of government in 
this disgraceful imprisonment, though the latter 
of the two mixed the humanity of a gentle- 
man in his treatment of the prisoner, with the 
violence of a determined courtier" If credit 
may be allowed to the Colonel's widow, Mrs. 



470 ANCIENT INNS. 

Lucy Hutchinson, who wrote the life of her 
husband, whilst the transaction was still clear 
in memory, this charge of active agency against 
Mr. Cooper is not strictly correct ; as the mat- 
ter particularly attaches to Newark, it is pre- 
sented to the reader verbatim. " While these 
poore people (speaking- of some nonconform- 
ists) were in prison, the collonell sent them 
some mony, and as soon as their time was ex- 
pired, Mr. Palmer came to Owthorpe to give 
him thanks, and preacht there one Lord's day. 
Whether this were taken notice of is not evi- 
dent, but within a short time after, upon the 
Lord's day, the 11th of October, 1663, the 
collonell having that day finisht the expound- 
ing of the Epistle to the Romans to his house- 
hold, and the servants being gone out of the 
parlour from him, one of them came in and 
told him souldiers were come to the towne. 
He was not at all surprised, but stay'd in the 
roome till they came in, who were conducted 
by Atkinson, one of those Newark men, who 
had so violently before prosecuted him at the 
parliament, and he told the collonell he must 
goe^ along with them, after they had search* 



ANCIENT INNS. 471 

the house; for which the collonell required 
their commission, which at the first they say'd 
they need not shew, but after they shewM him 
an order from Mr. Francis Leke, one of the 
deputy lieftenants, forthwith to repayre to his 
house, to search for and bring away what 
armes they could find, and to seize his person. 
All which they did, and found no armes in the 
house, but four birding gunns, that hong open 
in the kitchen, which being the young gentle- 
men' s, at that time they left. It was after 
sunsett when they came, and they were at least 
two howers searching every corner and all 
about the house, and the collonell was not at 
that time very well in health, and not having 
been for six months before on horseback, had 
neither horses nor saddles at that time in the 
house; the coachman was also gone away, 
and the coach horses turned out, and it was as 
bitter, a stormie, pitchie, dark, blacke raynie 
night, as anie that ceme that yeare; all which 
consid^r'd, the collonell desir'd that they would 
but stay for the morning light, that he misjht 
accommodate himself: but they would not, bur 
tbrc'd him to goe then allong with them, his 



472 ANCIENT INNS. 

eldest sonne lending him a horse, and also 
voluntarily accompanying him to Newark, 
where, about foure of the clock in the morning, 
he was brought into the Talbott, and put into 
a most vile roome, and two souldiers kept guard 
upon him in that roome. 

And now what thy ayl'd wee knew not, 
but they were all seiz'd with a panick feare, 
and the whole country fiercely allarum'd, and 
kept at Newark many dayes at intollerable 
charges, and I thinke they never yett knew 
what they were sent for in to doe, but to guard 
Coll. Hutchinson ; who being at first put into 
a/roome that look'd into the streete, was re- 
moov'd after into a back roome, worse, if worse 
could be, and so bad that they would not lett 
the Duke of Buckingham's footemen lodge in 
it : and here he continued, no man comming 
at him nor letting him know why he was 
brought in. The next day Mrs. Hutchinson 
sent him some linnen, and as soone as the man 
came, Tomson, the host of the inne, would not 
suffer him to see his master, but seizM him 
and kept him prisoner two days. Mr. Thomas 



ANCIENT INNS, 473 

Hutchinson had a mare which the inn-keeper 
had a desire to buy, and his father persuaded 
him to lett him have her worth mony, who 
thereupon agreed on the price, only Tomson 
deslr'd him to lett him trie the mare six miles, 
which he condescended to, upon condition 
that if Tomson ridd the mare above six miles 
he should pay the mony for her, and furnish 
Mr Hutchinson with a horse home, or to my 
Lord of Newcastle's, or any other occasion he 
had while he was^t Newark. Upon this bar- 
gaine Tomson had the mare, but instead of 
going but six miles, led a greater partie of 
horse than those who first seized the colonell, 
to Owthorpe, and coming in after sunsett, to 
the affright of Mrs. Hutchinson and her chil- 
dren, againe searcht their house more narrowly 
if possible than at first, with much more inso- 
lent behaviour, although they found no more 
than at first; but they tooke away the birding 
gunns they had left before, and from Owthorpe 
they went to Nottingham, where they tooke 
one captain Wright and lieftenant Franck, 
who had bene Lambert's agitant-generall, and 
brought the poore men to Newark, where 

H H 



474 ANCIENT INNS. 

they are yett prisoners, and to this day they 
know not why."* 



" When Tomson came back, Mr. Hutchin- 
son, out of the window, spied his owne gunne, 
which some of the men had brought in, and 
soone understood that this rogue had made use 
of his owne horse to plunder him. At night 
Tomson, the host, came up into the colonell's 
chamber, and behaved himself most insolently, 
whereupon the colonell snajphed up a candle* 
stick and lay'd him over the chaps with it, 
whereupon Mr. Leke, being in the house, and 
hearing the bustle, with others, came in with 
drawne swords, and the collonell tooke that 
opportunity to tell him, that he stood upon 
iustification, and desired to know his crime 
and his accusers, and that till then he was 
content to be kept as safe as they would have 
him, but desired to be delivered out of the 
hands of that insolent fellow, and to have 
accommodation fitt for gentleman; which 

* This shews the history was written while the events 
jwere recent. 



ANCIENT INNS. 475 

when they saw lie would not be without, for 
hfe would eat no more meat in that house, they 
after two days removed him to the next inne, 
where he was civilly treated, with guards still 
remaining upon him/ 1 

" The 19th of October Mr. Leke, with a 
party of horse, carried the collonell to the 
Marquesse of Newcastle's, who treated him 
very honorably; and then falling into discourse 
with him, " Collonell," sayth he " they say 
you desire to know your accusers, which is 
more than I know." And thereupon very 
freely shew'd him the Duke of Buckingham's 
letter commanding him to imprison the col- 
lonell and others, upon suspition of a plott, 
which my lord was so fully satisfied the col- 
lonell was innocent of, that he dismist him 
without a guard to his owne house, only 
engaging him to stay there one weeke, till he 
gave an account to the counsell, upon which 
he was confident of his liberty." 

" The collonell thus dismist, came home, 
and upon the 22nd day of October, a party of 

hh2 



4-76 ANCIENT INNS. 

horse, sent only with a wretched corpora!^ 
came about 11 of the clock with a warrant 
from Mr. Leke, and fetched him back to New- 
ark, to the inne where he was before, Mr. 
Twentyman's, who being still civill to him, 
whisper' d him as soone as he allighted, that 
it was determined he should be close prisoner; 
whereupon the collonell say'd he would no 
more pay any centinells that they sett upon 
him, yett they sett two hired souldiers, having 
now dismist the county, but the collonell for- 
bade, the inne to give them anie drinke, or 
anie thing elce upon his account. The next 
day, being the 23d, Mr. Leke came to him 
and shew'd him a letter from my lord New- 
castle, wherein my lord writ that he was sorry 
he could not persue that kindnesse he intend- 
ed the collonell, believing him innocent, for 
that he had received a command from Buck- 
ingham to keepe him close prisoner, without 
pen, inke, or paper ; and to shew the reallity 
of this, with the order he sent a copie of the 
duke's letter, which was also shew'd the col- 
lonell; and in it was this expression, " that 
though he could not make it out as yett, he hop'd 



ANCIENT INNS. 4// 

he should bring Mr. Hutchinson into the plott" 
Mr. Leke having communicated these orders 
to Mr. Hutchinson, told him he was to goe to 
London, and should leave him in charge of 
the maior of Newark/' 

" After Mr. Leke was gone, the maior, 
one Herring, of Newark, a rich, but simple 
fellow, sent the iayler to Mr. Hutchinson, to 
tell him he must goe to his house ; which the 
collonell refusing to doe voluntarily, without 
a mittimus from some magistrate, the maior 
sent five constables and two souldiers, who by 
violence, both forc'd the collonell out of his 
quarters, and into the iayle without any legall 
committment, although the collonell warn'd 
both the iayler and the men of the danger of 
the law, by this illegall imprisonment. The 
collonell would not advance at all into the 
prison ; into which the men would faine have 
entreated him ; but when they saw they could 
not perswade, they violently thrust him in,* 

* This prison and Butter Cross, stood about ten yard; 
from the end of the house now occupied by Mr. Andrew-;, 
towards the Kington Arms, on its removal, a house on the 



478 ANCIENT INNS. 






where the iayler afterwards used him pretty 
civilly; but the roome being unfitt for him, 
he gott cold and fell very sick, when, upon 
the 27th of October, Mr. Leke, with the 
marquesses secretary came to him, arid found 
him soe, and acquainted him, that the mar- 
quesse had receivM expresse orders from the 
king, to send him up in safe custody to Lon- 
don. Mr. Leke finding him so ill, was so 
civill to permitt him to goe by his owne house, 
which was as neare a road, that he might 
there take accommodations for his iourney, 
and be carried up at more ease, in his owne 
coach. The same 27th day, att night, his 
house at Owthorpe was againe searcht, and 
he and his wife being abroad, all their boxes 
and cabinetts broken open, and all their papers 
rifled, but yett for all this they could find 
nothing to colour their iniustice to him." 

" Having been falsely and illegally impri- 
son'd, from six of the clock on friday night 



Dry-bridge was used for that purpose. Vid. Phillipott's 

valuation. This continued till the erection of the new gaol, 
in 1786. 



ANCIENT INNS. 1J9 

the 23d of October, till ten of the clock in the 
morning October the 28th, he was then, in 
order to his going to London, brought by 
Beck the iayler to Twentyman's the inne, from 
whence he was hal'd, to stay there till a com- 
manded party of the county horse came to 
guard him to London. But one devision of 
the county who had warrants sent them, not 
comming in, Atkinson sent into that part 
where the collonell liv'd, and his owne neigh- 
bours comming slowly and unwillingly to that 
service, he was forc'd to stay there all that 
day till night in the custody of the iayler. At 
night, when he was in bed, the maior being 
ilrunke commanded him to be carried back 
to the iayle, but the iayler, weary of his 
drunken commands, sat up with two souldiers, 
and guarded him in the inne/' 

"The next day the partie not being come 
in, a meane fellow, that was appointed to 
command the collonell's guard, one corporal I 
Wilson, came and told him that he must not 
goe by his owne house, nor have the privil- 
ledge of his coach, but be carried up another 



480 ANCIENT INNS. 

way, whereupon the collonell sent to Atkinson 
to desire fyim he might not be denied that 
civillity Mf. Leke had allowed him, but he 
was so peevish and obstinate that the collonell 
was sending his sonne post to the Marquesse 
of Newcastle, to complain of his mallitious 
inhumanity, who would have forc'd him on 
horseback without any accoindation, when he 
was so ill that he could not have ridden one 
stage without manifest hazard of his life ; and 
yett Mr. Cecil Cooper and Mr. Whalley, 
though iustices and deputy lieftenants, could 
not prevaile with him, till he saw the collonell 
as resolute as himselfe ; and then at last, by 
their mediation (wherein Mr. Cecil Cooper 
did something redeeme his former causeless 
hatred, which made him plunder the house, 
and deteine the plunder when it was ordered 
back).* The collonell, about sunsett was sent 
out of Newark, with those horse that were 

* This occurrence happened in December 1660, but it 
is not to be understood that Captain Cooper was present at 
the transaction ; though it must be confessed Lieutenant 
Broughton and Cornet Andrews, with the company were 
under his orders. 



ANCIENT INNS' 



181 







* in, to stay for the rest at his own house. 
Thus the collonell tooke his last leave of 
Newark." 

The treatment Colonel Hutchinson received 
during his confinement at Newark has cer- 
tainly the appearance of harshness in the 
extreme; but it must be recollected, the 
virulence ot party spirit was, by revulsion, at 
this time in its full operative malignity : the 
powers of Newark had now in their hands 
ihe man who once was the very life and soul 
of ther neighbouring opponents, he who 
baffled their repeated attempts upon the Castle 
at Nottingham, whose name was to be found 
prominent on the list of those who sat in 
judgment upon their favorite Charles and who 
was one of the actual Commissioners under 
whom the articles of capitulation were drawn 
up, which submitted to an enemy their native 
town and maiden castle, and though, without 
the least doubt, they were as Men, humane, 
hospitable and benevolent, as Christians chari- 
table and forgiving and as Soldiers generous 
and bv nevertheless to the eye ot the 



482 ANCIENT INNS. 

partizan magnanimity ever appears arrayed 
in the garb of folly. 

THE TALBOT, IN CARTER-GATE. 

1341, (14 Ed. III.) Henry deEdwinstowe and 
Robert his brother did grant, by the 
king's licence, unto the Prior and 
religious men of the priory of Newsted 
in Shire wood, the manor North Musk- 
ham, together with the appurtenances 
of all kinds, including villains, &c. 
also two tofts in the parish of Newerck, 
and a certain inn there known by the 
name of Vertagus, to support two 
priests in the said religious house. 

Although it is highly probable the present 
house of entertainment in Carter-gate known 
by the name of the Talbot stands on the site of 
the old inn, yet at that time it could not have 
obtained such appellation, as the family of 
Talbot was not ennobled till the 20 Hen. VI. 
(1442) and of course not entitled to use those 
heraldic supporters, from which the animal 



ANCIENT INNS. 483 

usually called Talbot took its rise : besides 
Vertagus, or the Tumbler, is of a very different 
genus, being of the greyhound tribe, and now 
degenerated into what is called the lurcher, 
nevertheless the front of the ancient inn might 
have exhibited that sign, as they were, in those 
days, dogs of the highest notoriety. 

The above recited gift of the premises in 
Newark is liable to some doubt, for, the 
Rufford Register which contains the grant of 
Muskham by the Edwinstowe's and fifteen 
other deeds of the like nature to the priory, is 
entirely silent on that head. 

WHITE HART, IN THE MARKET-PLACE. 

1413, (14 Hen. IV.) By Deed, Adam Crey- 
mars de Newark, and Amicia his wife, 
gave to Walter their son and Johanna 
his wife, daughter of Roger de Myster- 
ton and Johanna his wife, all that 
house known by the name of the 
White Hart, in the Market Stede of 
Newark, and pausing backward to the 



484 ANCIENT INNS. 

street called 'Carter-gate in the same, 
abutting, on the north, upon the house 
of Gregory Barton, and on the west 
on the shop of Robert Scuffin. 

The original house is still standing, though 
probably reduced by sales at different times; 
the shop adjoining, to the west, now in the 
occupation of Messrs. Hilton and Chambers, 
is in the same style of building and may be 
held as a part of the dissevered premises. The 
inn is now the property of Lord Middleton, 
and occupied by Mr. Robert Crampern. 

SWAN AND SALMON, IN CASTLE GATE. 

1521, (12 Hen. VIII.) It is said an inn known 
by the same name and on the site of 
the present house, was specified to be 
the southern boundary of a Messuage 
conveyed, under a deed bearing this 
date, by Richard Haslam, with Agnes 
his wife and Agnes Moisley,* to Robert 

* Vid. page 29 and 35. 



ANCIENT INNS, 485 

Browney, Esq. If Mr. Browney re- 
ceived Livery of Seisin in the literal 
sense, perhaps the premises, whatever 
might have been the pecuniary con- 
sideration, would not be found too 
cheap; but this seems to be recapitula- 
tion of the conveyance to Robert 
Brown. 



486 



ANCIENT PAVING. 

In common, with most of the towns in 
England, Newark appears to have been 
immersed in mud or enveloped by dust till the 
27th year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, 
A. D. 1585, when an act of parliament was 
passed for paving the streets of this place. 
Perhaps cleanliness, in those days, might have 
been looked upon as a dangerous innovation, 
for the work went on so very slowly that in 
the 18th of James I. thirty-six years afterward?, 
the paving of the Market-place was only 
begun, and at last but partially effected, there 
not being any more than a causeway, six feet 
in breadth, from the house at the west corner 
of the Market-place, afterwards occupied by 
Hercules Clay, to the south porch of the 
Church.* At that time there was a Cross in 

* If the encroachment upon the north side of the 



ANCIENT PAVING. 487 

the Market-place, near to which the pavement 
passed, and opposite to it, in the work, was 
inserted the initials of Henry Webster, the 
workman's name together with the date. 
H. W. 1619. 

The place called the Pavement recited in 
Brown's Schedule 1532, wheresoever it might 
be situated, was 87 years previous to this last 
mentioned work. 



Market-place had been made previously to this event, would 
not the causeway have been described as extending to 
Church-lane instead of to the south porch? 



488 

Inhabitants of various parts of Newark, at 
the commencement of the seventeenth century, 
transcribed from a terrier of "Chief Rents 
due unto the Right Honorable William Lord 
Burghley, in right of the Hospital of Saint 
Leonard, by Newarke, at Michaelmas, 1605. 

MARKET-STEAD. 

Gilbert Francis, iiii^. ob. Matthewe Wilson, xd. 

William Tailor, iiiie?. William Shipman, vid. 

Andrewe Ellis, vid, Joshua Noble, vid. 

Matthewe Bloncke, iiis. William Standi ey, vid. 

Joseph Holland, viiid. ob. Christopher Jenneson, vid, 

Henry Webster, xd. Widowe Lightfoote, vid, 

Edward Brathericke, iis.iiii^. Christopher Thompson, vid* 
William Standish, vd, John Simonds for the 1 ., , 
Edward Kelsterne, ra. xrf. GuiUe of our Ladie J ' 

Jos. Twentyman, his. Hid. ob, Christopher Jenneson, vid, 

KIRKE-GATE. 

Richard Webster, vd, Richard Mercer, xiic?. ob, 

Widowe Dove, vd, Widowe Marston, xd. 

Francis Jacksonne, vd, Mitchell Hutley, viftd. 

Widowe Meller, vid. Sir Francis Leeke, iiisiid. 

Jeffray Bracebridge, vid. Robert Butcher, viiid. 

Edward Yoxall, xvitf. Edward Rixton, xliiirf. 

William Wand, xiitf. Gervase Bowman, xid. 

Robert Cooke, xiirf. Robert Butcher, vid. 

Henry Guill, Us, 

MIDDLE-GATE. 

Christ. Jenneson, for 1 ~ a Mr. Cane, virf." 

the Tanners and all J 



489 



THE WORKHOUSE. 



>§§!< 



By the dissolution of monastic and other 
religious foundations in the time of Henry the 
Eighth, the poor of England were deprived of 
the principal source of their subsistence. For- 
merly the maintenance of the Poor was, in a 
great measure, an ecclesiastical concern, one 
fourth part of the tithes in every parish being 
set apart for that purpose. The Minister, un- 
der the Bishop, had the principal direction in 
the disposal thereof, assisted by the church- 
wardens and other principal inhabitants. In 
process of time, when the tithes of many 
parishes, collectively, became appropriated to 
the monasteries, those societies contributed 
very largely towards the relief of the poor, 
who were, in many instances daily fed at the 
gates of the convents. Voluntary alms sup- 
plied the remainder. 

i i 



490 THE WORKHOUSE. 

Although the lives of some of the holy 
brother and sisterhood within many of the 
Abbies and other religious walls were very far 
from being exemplary patterns, yet it is highly 
probable their vices were magnified by the 
journeymen robbers of the rapacious Henry. 
Vile were they indeed, if they merited a halter 
in a greater degree than that tyrant. 

PROGRESSIVE 
MODES OF MANAGING THE POOR. 

By the statute of 27 H. VIII. (1536) The 
churchwardens, or two other of every parish, 
were to make collections for the poor, on 
Sundays. 

By 5 and 6 Ed. VI. (1552 and 3). The 
Minister and Churchwardens, were annually to 
appoint two able persons or more to be gather- 
ers and collectors of alms for the poor. 

By 5 Eliz. (1563) The parishioners were 
to chuse the said collectors and gatherers for 
the poor. 

By 14 Eliz. (1572) The Justices were to 
appoint collectors for the poor within every 
parish | and were also to appoint the 4&\itt$ttt 



THE WORKHOUSE. 491 

of the poor, whose office was nearly the same 
as at present, except only for collecting the 
money, which was done by the aforesaid 
gatherers or collectors. 

By 18Eliz. (15/6) The Justices were to 
appoint collectors and 430toCttlQC3» of the poor. 

By39Eliz. (1597) The churchwardens of 
every parish, and four substantial householders 
there, being subsidy men* or for want of sub- 
sidy men, four other substantial householders, 
to be nominated in Easter week by two 
Justices, one of whom to be of the quommfi 
were to be called Oversee / rs of the Poor of the 
same parish. 

And by 43Eliz. (1601) The churchwardens 
of every parish, and four, three or hvo substan- 
tial householders there, as shall be thought meet, 
having respect to the greatness of the pai*ish, to 
be nominated y early in Easter week, or within 
one month after Easter, under the hand and seal 
of two or more Justices of the peace in the same 
county, whereof one shall be of the quorum, 
dwelling in or near the parish or division, shall 
be called Overseers of the Poor of the same pa- 

* Payers of the King's taxes. 
f>i, l>e(ore w horn all matters of importance must be transacted. 

i i 2 



492 THE WORKHOUSE. 

risk.- The present mode is nearly the same* 
But, returning to the immediate subject. 

This receptacle for the poor of the parish 
of Newark is situated at the south eastern 
extremity of the town, not far from Beau- 
mond Cross; the building large and substantial, 
composed of brick, and excellently adapted 
to the purpose; every convenience requisite to 
the health and comfort of its inhabitants is to 
be found within its walls. The greatest 
attention is paid to the quality of the provisions, 
and plenty with economy walk hand in hand. 
The cleanliness exhibited in every part of the 
mansion beggars description, it is barely 
possible to be equalled, but decided certainty 
forbids its being surpassed. 
Governor, Samuel Longden, Matron, Mrs. Longden* 

Over the entrance is inscribed 

THIS WORKHOUSE, 

BUILT FROM THE ESTATES OF 

Magnus^ Brown and Phillipott, 1786. 

Before this subject is dismissed, it would 
be manifest injustice to pass over, without due 



THE WORKHOUSE. 493 

encomium, the strict regularity and minute 
attention which is paid, by the present perma- 
nent Overseer, Mr. Edward Cartledge, in every 
direction of his most arduous undertaking. 
Steady, perceptive, and systematic, difficulty of 
office has nearly become an obsolete term at 
Newark. The accompts are audited every 
week, and scrutinized by vouchers. The annual 
closing is made in open vestry. 

# 
In cities and superior boroughs, a perma- 
nent overseer is an officer of the highest esti- 
mation ; in petty market towns and villages, 
where the generality of those who are liable 
are nearly of equality in capability of acting, 
he is a pest of the vilest description: appointed 
only to be a tool, to his immediate employers. 
In the course of the year 1818, a great num- 
ber of copies of the following fair and candid 
statement of Receipts and Disbursements were 
printed and generally distributed amongst the 
inhabitants of Newark, for inspection. The 
honesty of its motive, is reason sufficient for 
publication; in future time it will mark the 
complexion of the age, and in time present 
may operate as a stimulus to other places. 



494 



v. 

S 









.^ 
•** 

I 

„ <2 ©* 

& ^ ^s, 

< ^^ 

#** 

<^> 



< 



4 



"8 



8 

fti 



THE WORKHOUSE 






a 

&-1 fix « 



^ ^ tfi <o <X> OS t>» a> © 00C1O OO 



5 H N 

^ rj< <o 



bD 

a 

'> 
o 

s 

8 



^ 



'•J QP 
^ (X 

S5-S 



S 



T3 

en ^ 

<o "33 



Tj< <ONO)hO rCKNOO 
"* ^ <N ^ 






fcJ 






3 

^§ 

o 



a. w sa ^ -B * s 

cj o ctf ° a _, -a 

a; a ^.a o 5 g 
a« o £« P +- *a +* mj 



x» 



a 
, a 



a 5 
^ w ^5 i 8 ^" s 



■a 

a , 

«5 



a « 
5 -a 



Efl 






c<ioo 



OS 



Oi ~* 



CC (M 



fti 




THE WORKHOUSE. 



495 



^ © © tJ« t>» ?o to 



*s' 00 © <M © 00 —• 



© 'O 



%i00 -< ^ »« O <N 



30 



o 



He* CO oo 



CD 



•» fen * « 

d 3 h d 
c ft 



d r 



ft- VC o 

-3 d § 5 
ctfUco co 



go 

*> ft 

coH 



•N Oj 

go- 

f^ 

' o « «-^ 

t-i ■*-» ^ 

ft 0) en ft 

O > d c3 

•50s -ft 

S c* d 
^ ft t- ft. 



ft * »v rtl •* 



00 

00 



<1) 5»% 

.ft .ft 



O -ft « *S uj" 

" A " 'S S 

jr ^ cfl ^ t- 
■"& a) > a> 
^ % .ft *•& 

M B ift « "S 

•£ ~ ^ .a « 

n-^C/3 ^ c« M 
•"*■< N .ft £.+* 

M 

ft 

CO 



^ -ft 

«s 

*fl "ft 
^.d 

.-° a 

. s S s 

CO 



00 «ft tft 



•M »-^ Oi 



ft d ft 
ft d0< 



c^ 



oo 






0) J3 

5/3 .• * - 

d £«*h 

(Q CA 

^ ft 



CD 

U 



so* 



bo 



£ bo 

0) ft 



-ft 

9 

8 



"5 s o d d 

O > d 



o <o 



— O <M 



os 00 ft> O O tft 



CO 
X 



t 

s 
O 



"S 



£ 



■5«» 

a -8 



^ 








-4 <M 


^H 


fti 


CM <N 


tN. 








-1 ■*■ 1-. 




«fi '^^^ 


d bo 


r a 


s -S 


(j.- 


ft "ft 


O CB 


XX « 


XL bp 


f*C*-l ftrt 


♦* ft 

s 


3 © 


4- CS 


ft ^ a 


d rj 


CA ft tn £l 


u jn 


wo Cow 
ainteua 
ocheste 
eived f 


ft ft- * 


hS« g 


O ^S. Urn 


•t u 


U5 «« 






•ft +* 


0) 




"fc« 






'ft a 


en 
E 




1 








0) 

> 
O 




.a 

■*■* 



















6- 









^5 






2 

a- 



V 

I? 
s 



496 THE WORKHOUSE. 

A SLIGHT VIEW OF FORMER TIMES. 

The present poor and labouring classes of 
society, are, but too much, in the habit of 
fostering discontent, -at what they style the 
hardness of their situation ; the good old days 
of yore are frequently contrasted with those 
of the last and this century. It is an act of 
humanity to withdraw the veil of antiquity 
which shrouds those blessed days ; could they 
be gratified with what they seem so ardently 
to long after, it is somewhat to be doubted 
whether their appetites would be remarkably 
keen for the possession of such signal benefits 
as might appear to court them. 

By the statute 5 Eliz. all common labourers, 
being persons able in body, using loitering, 
and refusing to work for such reasonable wages 
as are commonly given in the parts wherein 
such persons dwell, shall be adjudged Rogues 
and Vagabonds. 

THE FIRST PUNISHMENT OF A VAGABOND. 

On conviction to be grievously whipped, 



THE WORKHOUSE. 497 

and burnt through the gristle of the right ear 
with an hot iron, of the compass of an inch 
about, manifesting his roguish kind of life, and 
punishment received for the same. These 
were to be accounted rogues in the first degree. 

ROGUES IN THE SECOND DEGREE. 

On similar conviction within 40 days, to be 
adjudged Felons. 

ROGUES IN THE THIRD DEGREE. 

If convicted again, to be accounted Felons, 
without benefit of the Clergy. Every person 
between the ages of 12 and 60, not being an 
artificer, apprentice, fisher or mariner, and 
not being worth ^10. in goods or chattels, 
compellable to serve in husbandry. 

All artificers and labourers, being hired for 
wages by the day or week, shall, between the 
middle of the months of March and September, 
be, and continue at their work, at or before 5 
of the clock in the morning, and remain at 
work and not depart until betwixt 7 and 8 of 
the clock at night, except it be in the time of 



498 the workhouse. 

breakfast, dinner or drinking, the which times 
shall not exceed, at the most two hours and a 
half in the day, that is to say, at every drinking, 
one half hour, for his dinner one hour, and for 
his sleep, when he is allowed to sleep (the 
which is from the middle of May till the middle 
of August) half an hour at the most, and at 
every breakfast one half hour. All artificers 
compellable to work in harvest. 

All unmarried women Between the ages of 
12 and 50 compellable to serve by the year, 
week or day, for such wages as the Justices 
shall think fit. 

No rogue to be brought out of Ireland or 
the Isle of Man ; if brought, by any means 
whatever, such Maniske or Irish Rogue to be 
carried back again. There seems to be a 
considerable portion of sense in the last clause. 

So much for the good old days of yore. 

THE BOROUGH GAOL, 
Is situated within the walls of the Work- 
house. 

Gaoler, William Cropper. 



499 



*~ 3 -r a 



& 

fa 

c 

<C 

CO 

H 
2 

fa 

GO 

w 

a! 



4"= 



• »■* 



O 

o 
o 



E ? 

S3 c3 



03 03 

2 « 






^ «-* 






■fi o 


c3 ,n 




r! ~* 


CJ 




*-> w~> 


c/) r< 




£u bo 


OS t3 














o *■< 


Ui o 












cu 3 




«*-» o 


Sn jg 




2 § 


«- +j 




C a> 


2"-S 




O.T3 


Ch o3 




O '5S 


£.g 


u 


fe « 


b£.S 


£ 


s:^ 


.S a; 




a as 


O pfl 


"53 
S 


s.2 


03 ^ 


s > 


2§ 


S-H 


5*a 


r2 *+3 


a 


0J.S 


-«2 






OP 0> 


o 


« S 


o o 


0) 

bo 

03 

-S 


exce 
inuti 


'73 fcD 

5- s 


Id far 
the m 




a 

3 


M 3 


> 


S o 


Pi « 


"S> 


P +* 


<J o 




*.S 


ft * 


o 


h U 


W sT 


a 




fc& 


zz 




. — « 




- 


'Si rfi 


> 


V 


03 O 


£ 



Is 

go 



5^ 

r 






^s £ 9 

* g I 22 £ 
32 o QQ2 



g 


b2 


«/: 


9 


Pi 




i 


3 


^ 


a 


T3 




H 


oT 








♦^> 


E 


2 > 9 


"?• 


ts « *s 


OQZQ 



o 
-3 



o-o 




500 



PRESENT STATE OF NEWARK. 



CM 

S3 ,5 -a 



o 

3- 

Q 



tA 






3 

s 







2 










3 










3 








• 
V 




3 






a 




S 






•fi. 




o 






u 


t« 


rC 






s 


'S 


H 






fa 


£ 


i— » 






8 


p* 


13 

OB 


• 


Self. 
Self. 
Fors 
Caw 


d 

1 


5 



03 



o 

as 

he 

O U U, <y 

a; oj 



.3 



* a p 



•— .2 u ** 3 

OfeQflffl 



o 

Ofa 



-3 



CO 



& 



s-g 



t, to 






»«w <— « pj 

a .2 "5 5 gpO 



*3 
'§ g 

CO <?$ 






s 

• I— t 

•aS3 

■Sa 
*l 

«u fej) 

CO ! — i 

fob 






u +j w ►. n co 



•» * *• 



5 » ° 



S^S* 



« j; o 






slfsga 






»5 



-d 



^ g c* o 

2 §h £ 
$*£ "do 



o 
O 



to 

CO 

a 

o 



Cfi 



rC (d ^ ft) g 

o S » 
S o .o 



o 



<u o s +j w> .5 
*h _ o •- , fen** 



2 1? BB ^ M E , SJ 



o 



If) 



o 

p- 
<J 
o 

tt) 

i 

CO +j 

s & ^ 

-S3 

-G 
U 

Si 

3 



PRESENT STATE OF NEWARK. 501 



So • o w 



<v 



^ s isii 6 till*;**! Aii 






I 

^ art =3 « d »fl 



e 



•Il 111 1 1? Il"i"-Sii & 8181 

ft. s •» 

ti f.fif I alii i jti'i (1(4 

ii aiUliM*'iil*?p ski 

* IrtUliligfrijjgi &&* 






I » 

^ O 

•O 






0> 




9 




^ 




(A 


««* 


i 




•i 


i 


J 


£ 


o 

•** 


(A 


1 

U0 

a 


1 

*> 

s 


c 


a 



502 PRESENT STATE OF NEWARK. 

PRINCIPAL STREETS. 

Appleton-gate. Castle-gate. Mill gate. 

Balderten-gate, Kirk-gate. North-gate. 

Barnby-gate. Lombard-street. Stodman-street. 

Carter- gate. Middle-gate. Wilson- street. 

In these streets are still remaining many 
ancient houses, excepting the last, which was 
erected by the Rev. Dr. Wilson, the houses 
are here uniform, and the commencement of 
their building was on old May-day, 1766. 

STREETS MORE MODERN, 
TOGETHER WITH LANES, ROWS, Sfc. 

BOTH ANCIENT AND MODERN, 

Their Situations and Connections. 

Pelham- street, connecting Mill-gate, with the Farndon-road. 

Portland-street, Beaumond-cross, with Ditto. 

Guildhall- street, Balderton-gate, .... Barnby-gate. 

Hill-end, Mill-gate, ....Lombard-street. 

Old Shambles, Kirk-gate, Market-place. 

Church-lane, Market-place, with S . door of Church 

St. MarkVlane, Stodman-street, with Lombard* street. 

Mount-lane, Appleton gate, . . . Wilson street. 

Mount-square, connected Mount-lane. 

Boar-lane, connecting Middle-gate, ....Castle-gate. 

Hawton-lane, Beaumond Cross, . . . Hawton-road. 

Mill-lane, Mill-gate, Waterside. 



PRESENT STATE OF NEWARK. 503 

Water-lane, North-gate, .... Waterside. 

Broadhurst's Row Ditto, .... Lover's Lane. 

Sheppard's Row, Ditto, .... Ditto. 

Millington's Row, Winthorpe Road . . . . Ditto. 

Tenter Buildings, insulated on Winthorpe Road. 

Lincoln-row 

Collingham-row,connectingNorth-gate, with Wilson- street. 

Tallents' Row, in Pelham-street. 

Paxton's Court, connecting Kirk-gate, with Slaughter-houses. 

Portland-place, in Portland-street. 

Chain-lane, connecting Market-place, with Middle-gate, 

CawkwelFs Yard, Stodman-street, .... Lombard- street. 

Cross Guns Yard, • in Balderton-gate. 

Farndon-row, connecting Lombard-street, with Portland-street. 

PRICES OF SEVERAL 
ARTICLES AT NEWARK, IN 1818. 

Wheat, Oct. 7, 84s. to 90*. p. qr. Cheese, 80s. per cwt. 

Barley, 70s. — 74s. Geese, 7d. to lOd p. lb. 

Rye, 60s. — 63s. Fowls, 2s. 6d. to 3s. 6d. p. coup. 

Malt, 96s. Rabbits, 2s. to 2s. 6d. 

Oats, 34s. — 40s. Ducks, 3s 6d. to 4s. 6d. 

Beans, 80s. — 84s. Turkeys, 6s. to 10s. 6d. each. 
Flour, (best) 3s. lOd. p. stone Pigeons, 3s. 6d. to 6s. 6d. p. doz. 

Beef, 6%d. to 7d. p. lb. Salmon, Is. 6d. to 2s. 6d. p. lb. 

Mutton, 7d. — %d Eels, Sd to 9d. 

Veal, 7d. — %d. Potatoes, XOd. to Is. p. peck. 

Pork, 7d. — M. Turnips, Is. 

Salt, 4s. Hd. p. st. 14 lbs. Peas, l.s. 

Butter, 14rf. to20</. p lb. Onions, Gs. to 8s. 



504 



NEWARK TROOP OF CAVALRY. 



In the year 1794, when the minds of men 
were maddened by the absurd idea of equality, 
and internal commotions daily dreaded, a num- 
ber of loyal and respectable inhabitants of 
Newark and its vicinity, formed themselves 
into a Corps of Cavalry, for the preservation 
of the public peace. 

The first muster of the Troop was upon 
August 28th, 1794. 

RETURN OF THE 

Newark Troop of Yeomanry Cavalry , 

COMMANDED BY 

CAPTAIN FRANCIS CHAPLIN, 
March 25, 1819. 

Francis Chaplin, Captain Commandant, Riseholme, Line. 

Philip Palmer, 1st Lieutenant, East Bridgford. 

Thomas Wright, 2nd Lieutenant, Norwood Park. 

John Handley, Cornet, Winthorpe. 

Thomas Bland, Surgeon, Newark. 

John O. Norton, Quarter Master, Ditto. 






NEWARK CAVALRY. 505 



SERGEANTS. 

Charles Paschoud, Newark. Joseph Hole, South Muskham. 
Henry Hole, Little Carlton. Samuel Forster, Bingham. 

CORPORALS. 

Thomas Gamble, Newark. Robert Wilkinson, Newark. 
Philip Gilby, Normanton 

PRIVATES. 

T Gardner, Innkeeper, Newark. Francis Jenkinson, Maltster, 
John Ridge, Bookseller, ditto Southwell 

John Hole, Draper, ditto J. Dufty, Farmer, Epperstone 

J. S. Sheppard, Builder, ditto W. Sharpe, Miller, Woodboro' 

Richard Gamble, Miller, ditto John Colclough, Farmer* 
Robert Hilton, Maltster, ditto Kilvington 

Richard Caparn, ditto, ditto Wm. Moseley, ditto \ Kersall 
T. Middlebrook,F<?//w0«oer,do. Hugh Weightman, Farmer, 

John Ives Mumby, Dyer, do. Win, Simpson, Builder, Harby 

J. Thorpe, Wharfinger, ditto Thomas Howett, Farmer, do. 

J.A.Jackson, ditto, ditto VVilliam Lacy, ditto, ditto 

M.Hudson, Farmer \ ditto Hanson Minett, ditto, Thorney 

T. Withers, Nurseryman, do. John Birkett, ditto, Barnby 

Wm. Nail, Innkeeper, ditto William Vessey, ditto, ditto 

Wm. Ward, Builder, ditto S. Banks, ditto, Londonthorpe 

Thomas Flear, Miller, ditto R. Harvey, ditto, Balderton. 

J. vVoolfit, Innkeeper, ditto G. Oldham, Corn/actor, ditto 

Rich. Birkett, Miller, ditto William Oldham, Farmer, do. 

William Potts, Glazier, ditto T. Goodman, ditto, Cromwell 

J. Wilson, Innkeeper, ditto John Goodman, ditto, ditto 

Jos. Gilstrap, ditto, ditto Wm. Quibell, ditto, Brough 

John Nail, Joiner, ditto Richard Horner, ditto, ditto 

M. Trueman, Wharfinger, do William Hunt, ditto, Weston 

T. Spencer, Blacksmith, ditto W f m. SpatFord, ditto, Elston 

R R. Corden, Draper, ditto George Milner, Builder, ditto 

John Lamb, Butcher, ditto J . Branston, Farmer, Langford 

J. G. Becket, Draper % ditto Peter Turner, ditto, ditto 

J. Newton, J un. Ironmong\ do. Thomas Roberts, ditto, ditto 

R. Kirkby, Cornfactor, ditto J. Wright, ditto, Collingham 

Alfred Tomlin, Farmer, ditto Thomas S. Woolley, ditto, do. 
J. Milward, Farmer, Averham Thomas Pacy, ditto, ditto 

Wm, Weightman, ditto, ditto Edward Tinley, ditto, ditto 

William Smith, ditto, Kelham Charles Bland, ditto, Flawbro* 

K K 



506 NEWARK CAVALRY, 

John Hall, Farmer, Stoke T. Fisher, ditto, Stragglethorpe 
William Hunt, ditto, ditto J. Rose, Maltster, Bassingham 
John Hatfield, Farmer, John Hammond, Farmer, do. 

Coddington E. Rycroft, Butcher, Broughton 
Thos. Glenn, Miller, Farndon Sam. Boulton, Farmer, ditto 
W. Broadbent, Farmer, Upton William Green, ditto, ditto 
Thos. Broadbent, ditto, ditto T Morris, ditto, Stapleford 
Geo. Martin, ditto, Dean Hall Thomas Oliver, ditto, ditto 
W, Boulton, ditto, Caythorpe George Holmes, ditto, ditto 

Line. 



The Newark Troop of Yeomanry Cavalry, 
was marched to Worksop, June 5, 1805, on 
permanent duty for eight days. To Redhill, 
near Arnold, November 14, 15, and 16, 1811, 
and to Nottingham, June 10, 11, and 12, 1817* 
on account of Rioting and Disturbances, in 
those neighbourhoods. 



507 



NEWARK VOLUNTEERS 



When by the mad ambition, of the worse 
than mad self-elected Emperor of France, the 
countiy was deemed in danger of invasion, a 
number of public spirited inhabitants of New- 
ark and its neighbourhood voluntarily stepped 
forward to ward off the blow. 

COPY OF 

MUSTER ROLL OF THE 

LOYAL NEWARK VOLUNTEERS, 

In February, 1804, 

COMMANDED BY 

Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Thoroton. 

GRENADIER COMPANY. 

Thomas Thoroton, .... Lieutenant Colonel Commandant* 
Thomas Bradshaw, .... Lieutenant Colonel* 

W. F. Handley, Captain. 

James Dyson, 1st Lieutenant* 

Harold Stanley, .... 2d Lieutenant* 
William Brydges, .... Adjutant. 
Rev. Joshua Brooke, Chaplain. 

KK-> 



5(B 



VOLUNTEERS. 



William Thompson, .... Surgeon. 
George Ramsden, .... Secretary. 

John Allin, Sergeant Major 

John Cartledge, .... Quarter Master, 
Edward Sm alley, .... Drum Major, 



SERGEANTS. 

Charles Owen Chapman. Arkin Fletcher. 



Charles Smith* 



CORPORALS. 

William Lee. William Shaw. William Brunt. 

Drummer, James Rushton. Fifer, John Ireland 



Allsop Isaac 

Austin Samuel 

Bell John 

brooks Joseph 

Boler Thomas 

Bamsdale John 

Barnsdale Robert 

Ball George 

Brown William. IftmdHaslam John 



PRIVATES. 

Fisher James 
Flear Thomas 
Griffin John 
Godby Henry 
Godby George 
Harvey William 
Harrison Samuel 
Harris Gervase 



Bend Thomas 
Beard Joseph 
Cropper Richard 
Cooke William 
Clark Thomas 
Dixon Robert 
Drury William 
Doughty Thomas 
Etches John 
Eggleston Frederic 
Franks Robert 



Hurt Thomas 
Handcock Samuel 
Hallifax Edmund 
Hodson John 
Jackson Charles 
Keep William 
Lowe John 
May William 
Manderfield Thomas 
Mumby John Ives 
Metcalfe Alexander 



Middlebrook John 
Monks John 
Needham William 
Newbound William 
Oldham John 
Pearson William 
Pacey William 
Peel John 
Redman William 
Reavill Edward 
Robertson George 
Smith Benjamin 
Straps James 
Streets William 
Simpson Samuel 
Thompson William 
Uffindale George 
Warwick David 
Wand Stephen 
Webster William 



LIGHT COMPANY. 



John Handley, 
William Bland, 
William Holt, 



Captain* 

1st Lieutenant. 

2d Lieutenant. 



John Cramp ton, 



SERGEANTS. 

Titus Andrews^ 



William Wright. 



VOLUNTEERS. 



509 



CORPORALS i 

Thomas Clarke, William Gregory, Samuel Harley. 

Drummer y Henry Bugg. Fifer, William Brown. 



Aulsebrook, Richard 
Aulsebrook, Thos. 
Beedham, William 
Bemrose, John 
Brand, Thomas 
Bradfield, John 
Bugg, George 
Bugg, Frederick 
Burr ell, Thomas 
Buttery, Joseph 
Bellamy, John 
Childs, Martin 
Cawkwell, William 
Cook, Richard 
•Cook, John 
Con I en, Samuel 
Pick, Thou -as 
Kggiestone, Fred. 
Rear, John 
Gil strap, Joseph 
Graham, John 
Green, Smart 



PRIVATES. 

Harvey, Paul 
Hatfield, John 
Hill, William 
Hind, William 
Hodgkinsou, George 
Holland, James 
Holmes, William 
Holt, Samuel 
Hutchinson, Richard 
Ince, George 
Jackson, John 
Jackson, William 
Kennington, Thos. 
Leeson, William 
Moss, Erasmus 
Onn, Thomas 
Ordoyno, Garratt 
Parkinson, Thomas 
Pettefar, Rich. Band 
Ridge, James 
Ringrose, William 
Scree ton, William 



Smith, John 
Smith, John 
Smith, William 
Steeds, William 
Sterland, William 
Sterland Octavius 
Summers, Thomas 
Tinsley, Robert 
Townrow, Benjamin 
Turtle, Charles 
Varah, George 
Warsop, Samuel 
Watkin, John 
Walt ham, Joseph 
Wilson, James 
Warstinholme, J. 
Wimpress, Thomas 
Woodhead, John 

Band 
Walton, William 



FIRST BATTALION COMPANY. 

Charles Snart, Captain, 

Charles Moor, . . . .1st Lieutenant. 
John Kercheval, .. 2d Lieutenant. 

SERGEANTS. 

Robert Crampern, John Stanley, William Crowe. 

CORPORALS. 

Thomas Higginbottom, Richard Peet, John Thorpe. 
Drummer , Thomas Reavill. Ftfer, George Ball. 

PRIVATES. 

Abraham, Rothwell Bellamy, Samuel Brown, Joseph 
Aulsebrook, Thomas Brown, Joseph Brown, Robert 



510 



VOLUNTEERS, 



Brett, John 
Brett, George 
Barker, John 
Burton, William 
Birkett, John 
Boot, John 
Cawkwell, William 
Cleric© t, Richard 
Chapman, William 
Cottam Richard 
Daniel, Edward 
Etches, Richard 
Fotherby, William 
Gaunt, James 
Goss, Richard 
Hollis, John 
Hutchinson, Thos. 
Hays John 
l\ orsepool, John 



Hodgkinson, Thos. 
Hoyes, William 
Hickman Thomas 
Moss, Thomas 
Mabbott, Edward 
Moore, George 
Manchester, John 
Pils worth, William 
Pratt, William, 
Pickering, William 
Proctor, John, 
Pepper, Samuel 
Robinson, John 
Revill, Jonathan 
Rushton, Thomas 
Roberts, George 
Rawdon, James 
Reek, Henry 
Saxe, Philip 



Spencer, Thomas 
Sharpe John, Band 
Shipman, Samuel 
Sharpe, William 1 
Smith, William 
Stafford, William 
Sheppard, Mathew 
N aim on, Richard 
Townrow, John 
Uffindall, William 
Uffindali, John 
Warrener, Francis 
Williamson, Wm. 
Waywood, William 
Wright, Joseph 
Wood, William 
Wass, John 
Winter, William 



SECOND BATTALION COMPANY. 

W. H, Hunter, .... Captain. 
Henry Forster, .... 1st Lieutenant. 
John Frier Congreve, %d Lieutenant. 

SERGEANTS. 

William Shields, William Cropper, John Etches. 

CORPORALS. 

William Calvert, Thomas Cartledge, John Smith* 
Drummer, Daniel Morley. Fifer, John HorsepooL 



PRIVATES. 

Alles, William Clayton, Matthew 

Blyton, John Caister, Thomas 

Burrows, William Collins Richard 
Brown, Sam. Band Cartledge Henry 
Bellamy, William Daubney, Thomas 



Bennett, William 
Bettinson, Thomas 
Bettinson, Michael 
Cope, Joseph 
Chambers, John 



Deeping John 



Fletcher, John 
Flint, William 
Groves, John 
Gamble, Thomas 
Grantham, Thomas 
Green, Richard 



Egglestone, Matthew Goadby, Francis 
Ellis, James Gunn, John 

Forster, Richard Herring, Richard 
Fox, John Hage, John 






Hogarth, John, 
Jarvis, William 
Jarvis, Thomas 
Kirk, Joseph 
Langton, William 
Lowther, W illiam 
Long, John 
Linney, Thomas 
Lupton, John 
Moor, James 
Mosley, William 
Mackenzie, Andrew 
Newton, Hugh 



VOLUNTEERS. 

Nelson, Ralph 
Peart, William 
Peet, John 
Palethorpe, Thomas 
Palethorpe, Joseph 
Paling, Thomas 
Povvdrill, James 
Patchett, William 
Potts, Thomas 
Reynolds, John 
Robinson, John 
Renshaw, Thomas 
Stanhope, Thomas 



511 

Turpin, Richard 
Tipper, Joseph 
Turner, John 
Thompson, James 
Wilkinson, Robert 
Weightman, William 
Wood, John 
Wood, Hearsay 
Walker, William 
Watson, Thomas 
Whittingham, George 
Wright, Francis 



THIRD BATTALION COMPANY. 

Joseph Benjamin Smith, Captain. 

William Edward Tallents, 1st Lieutenant, 
William Speech ly, 2d Lieutenant, 

SERGEANTS. 

Joseph Stansall, Richard Sheppard, William Overing, 

CORPORALS. 

James W T ilson, George Haywood, William Peel. 
Drummer , William Rawliuson Fifer, John Peel. 



Botham, Martin 

Barnes, William 

Berry, William 

Berry, John 

Bradley, James 

Beards worth EdwardFletcher, John 

Buckley, James 

Barker, John 

Bronsby, Joseph 

Bancroft, William 

Bains, James 



Heflield John 
Hardy, William 



PRIVATES. 

Alcock, Francis Bredon, John 

Abraham, Robert Bennett, George 

Aulsebrook, George Caseon, John Band Hansard, William 

Adams, William Clarke George Joynes, Richard 

Cheetham, Samuel King, William 
Chapman, John Kirk, George 

Camomile, Jos. BandKey, Edward 
Davison, William Lee, Thomas 
French, Thomas Marriott, John 

Mitton, Thomas 
Groves, George Norton, John 

Hancer, Christopher Pattinson, Jonathan 
Hedling, William Pettefar Robert 
Hunt, Thomas Pratt, George 

Hutchinson, Francis Paddison, William 



512 



VOLUNTEERS. 



Portwood, John 
Rushton, William 
Seymour, Richard 
Smith, Joseph 
Smalley, Joseph 



Sharp, Edward Wright, Joseph 

Seals, Thomas Worley, Nathanael 

Stareley, William Wood, Samuel 
Thompson, William Wiseman, Matthew 
Taylor George Wheatcroft, Samuel 



FOURTH BATTALION COMPANY, 



Thomas Stansall, . , , 
William Fillingham, 
William Readitt, . . , 



Captain, 

1st Lieutenant, 

2d Lieutenant. 



SERGEANTS. 

William Rose, William Simnitt, Benjamin Edmondson, 

CORPORALS. 

Joseph Cropper, Thomas Wright, John Wright. 
Drummer, William Room. Fif'er, James Sheppard. 



Arnold, George 
Bridges, James 
Bollan, William 
Berry, William 
Barker, John 
Bramwell, Edward 
Crowder, Joshua 
Cousins, William 
Cutts, Charles 
Crowe, Edward 
Cottam, William 
Dufton, Thomas 
Dixon, John 
Dixon, John 



PRIVATES. 

Gough, Thomas 
Gearey, Joseph 
Hales, Edward 
Hoose, Henry 
Hall, George 
Hardy Samuel 
Jackson, John 
J ohnson, Joseph 
King, Thomas 
King, Frederick 
Lupton, Nathaniel 
Lampin, Thomas 
Line, William 
Lacey, George 



Edmunson Johnitarat/iViarshall, Thomas 



Ellors, Thomas 
Fenton, Richard 
Fletcher, William 
Fullalove, Richard 
Fletcher, Richard 
Girton, Alexander 
Gearey, Thomas 



Mabbott, William 
M ore, Thomas 
Moss, Thomas 
Oliver, John 
Pawson, John 
Pacey, John 
Parkes, William 



Pacey, Thomas 
Priest, William 
Reek, Thomas 
Roome, William 
Roberts, William 
Robinson, William 
Robinson, John 
Simnitt, John 
Simnitt, Joseph 
Stimson, William 
Sanderson, Thomas 
Scatliffe, George 
Tailford, Daniel 
Thompson, Francis 
Ward, John 
Wilson, John 
Wood, Thomas 
Whitely, George 
Ward, William 
Young, William 



VOLUNTEERS. 



513 



FIFTH BATTALION COMPANY 



John Jalland, 
Thomas Becket, 
John Suduury, 



Captain. 
\»t Lieutenant. 
2d Lieutenant. 



SERGEANTS. 

Richard Sedwell, William Duke, James Nicholl. 

CORPORALS. 

Francis Bennett, Francis Stubbing, Richard Bell. 
Drummer, Richard Stinson. Fifer. William Wilkinson. 

PRIVATES. 
Fell, Joseph Pilgrim, John 

Fletcher, Hen. Ba?idPeet, Alexander 



Aram, George 
Astling, David 
Anderson, William 
Burrows, Thomas 
Bailey, lohn 
Butler, Paul 
Bonner, William 
Broooks, William 
Burton, Edward, 
Bonner, Daniel 
Barnet, Thomas 
Chapman, Thomas 
Crowe, John 
Cawkwell, Ki chard 
Callis, John 
Calcroft, John 
Cooper, John 
Chapman, Francis 
Dufty, George 
Egglestone, Francis 
Edgley, William 
Footitt, William 



Groves, Thomas 
Gardner, George 
Harwood, John 
Harvey, John 
Hatton, James 
Hales, Henry 
Holmes. Samuel 
Harston, George 
Hibbert, Thomas 
Hardy, Thomas 
Henfry, Thomas 
Liggin, Henry 
Linney, Thomas 
Lawson, John 
Morris, Thomas 
Moss, Thomas 
Marshall, Richard 
Monk, John 
Morris, Robert 
Porter, John 



Randall, William 
Rhodes, Richard 
Rippiner, John 
Kiley, John 
Straps, John 
Sadler, Thomas 
Smith, Samuel 
Taylor, Francis 
Tate, Henry 
Vaughan, Robert 
Walker, John 
Waddngton, John 
Wynne, Thomas 
Wilson, James 
Wilson, Kirby 
Wallis, Gude 
Willers, Robert 
Worthinii'tou, Geo. 



SIXTH BATTALION COMPANY. 

John Spragging Godfrey, Captain. 

John Youle, 1st Lieutenant. 

Thomas Caparn, Jun 2d Lieutenant. 

SERGEANTS. 

William Lang, George Mackenzie, Thomas Emison. 



514 VOLUNTEERS. 

CORPORALS. 

William Holland, Stephen Cook, William Cruse. 
Drummer, William Saltonstall. Fifer, Joseph Houseley. 

PRIVATES. 

Antliff, William Groves, John Newton, Joseph 

Ash, John Glover, William Ordoyno, Thomas 

Askew, John Hind, Robert Pacey, Joseph 

Birkitt, William Houseley, Geo. ifcm^Parnham, John 

Bradley, Samuel Hunt. Richard Pearson, John 

Bower, William Holmes, William Ringrose, William 

Bell, Thomas Hatfield, William Rippingale, Wm. 

Burrows, George Hutchinson, Thos. Read, William 

Bramley, Matthew Hatter, Robert Robinson, Thomas 

Boothwright, Thos. Hardy, Robert Scales, George 

Booth, Abraham Hardy, Thos. Band Sutton, Edward 

Barnsdale, Augustus Johnson, William Spencer , Robert 

Cawthorn, James Jackson, Richard Stennett, Joseph 

Coxon, John Killingley, Robert Skinner, Henry 

Cowlishaw, John Kane, James Speed, John 

Crow, Joseph Lynn, Richard Tory, John 

Cobley, Thomas Lant, Ishmael Tomisman, Thomas 

Durance, James Marshall, John Wardley, John 

Elvidge, Edmund Marshall, George Wilson, Thomas 

Egglestone, William Mayfield, John, Weston, William 
Egglestone, Joseph Mackenzie, Kenneth Wilson, John 
Fletcher, William Morley, John 
Fisher John Mark well, Thomas — 



t» 



The Newark Volunteers were marched to 
Retford, on permanent duty for 14 days in 
1804, to the same place in 1805, to Lincoln in 
1807, and to Mansfield in 1808. 



515 



HERCULES CLAY. 



This person was a member of the bod) 
corporate, and resided in the Market-place > 
Vid. Market-place P. 499. 

During the second siege of Newark, a 
particular providence seems to have interposed 
between Mr. Clay and apparently inevitable 
destruction. * In gratitude for such singular 
deliverance, he bequeathed the following do- 
nations. 

Throsby, in his continuation of Thoroton, 
gives the following extract from his Will. — 

" In the name of God, amen. I Hercules 
Clay, of Newark, Mercer, give the sum of 
one hundred pounds, to be put into the hands 5 
and the interest thereof to be disposed of by 
the Mayor and Aldermen of Newark, with the 
consent of the Vicar, to the best benefit and 

* Vid. Page /8. 



516 HERCULES CLAY. 

behoof of such Vicar, and to continue to them 
successively for ever; to be paid to him or 
them upon the 11th of March; provided there 
be a Sermon preached in the Church there, 
by the Vicar, if he be able, or else by some 
able Minister. And I desire them in their 
Sermons to exhort the people, not to set their 
affections on things of this world ; but by their 
good works to lay a foundation for themselves, 
that so they may take hold on eternal life. 

I do likewise give unto the Poor of Newark 
one hundred pounds, to be put forth by the 
Mayor and Aldermen, with the consent of the 
Vicar, for the advantage of the said Poor, the 
interest of which shall be paid upon the 1 1th 
day of March yearly, in Bread or Money, at 
the discretion of the Vicar and Churchwardens.* 
And my Will is, that the said two hundred 
pounds shall be paid by my Executors, or se- 
curity given for it, within one month after my 
death. And I heartily beseech Almighty God 
to bless them, as I freely give it, and those 
persons I put in trust, with this my Charity, 
I desire the Lord may deal with them accord- 
ing* to their case/' 



517 



A TABLE OF 

COINCIDENTAL FATALITIES, 

During the Civil War^ 
SUPPOSED TO BE DRAWN UP BY THE SAID 

i^ercuteg €Iap, 

AND OCCASIONALLY CONTINUED BY HIS DESCENDANTS. 



»e@e< 



Jan. 1, 1642. Hotham the younger, par- 
ticularly exerted himself, in gaining the bat- 
tle of Bramham Moor, by the parliamentary 
army under Fairfax. 

Jan. 1, 1644. Hotham the younger, be- 
headed on Tower Hill, by order of the same 
Parliament, in whose support he had become 
a traitor. 

Jan. 3, 1641. Charles I, went in person 
to demand the five obnoxious members, Wil- 
liam Stroud, John Pym, John Hampden, Sir 
Arthur Haslerig, and Dcnzill Hollis, thereby 
violating the rights of the people, and insult- 
ing the dignity of their representatives. 



518 COINCIDENTAL FATALITIES. 

Jan. 3, 1648. The House of Commons 
passed a vote for bringing Charles to trial. 

Jan. 3, 1670. Died George Monck, then 
Earl of Albemarle, the time serving betray- 
er of both parties.* 

Jan. 25. The parliamentary army under 
Fairfax, took Monck prisoner at the battle of 
Namptwich. 

Jan. 25, 1659. The same Monck signed 
an order to Parliament for the evacuation of 
the city of London, by their troops, in order to 
make way for his army ; the intent of which 
was to depose that very Parliament, and restore 
the family of that King whom they had be- 
headed. 

* That Cromwell, was aware of Monck's designs te 
evident, from a letter he addressed to him in Scotland, only 
a short time before his death. The body of the epistle con- 
tained nothing more than some general matters relating to 
the government; but in his usual jocose manner, he subjoin- 
ed by way of postscript, that which in fact was his principal 
motive for writing. "There be that tell me, that there is a 
certain cunning- fellow in Scotland called George Monck, 
who is said to lie in wait there to indroduce Charles Stuart , 
I pray use your diligence to apprehend him, and send him up 
to me." Vid. Ludlow's Memoirs. 



COINCIDENTAL FATALITIES. 519 

Jan. 30. 1641. The charges against the 
Earl of Strafford first read in the House of 
Commons. 

Jan. 30, 1647. The Scotch deliver the 
King up to the English Parliament (for value 
received. See page 115.) 

Jan. 30, 1648. Charles I, beheaded. 

Feb. 9, 1642. The first money levied by 
the city of London for the use of the Parlia- 
ment, against the King. 

Feb. 9, 1659. Monck, by order of Parlia- 
ment, caused the city gates to be taken down, 
and the citizens to be treated with every spe- 
cies of indignity. 

Mar. 9, 1643. The King's general of horse, 
Lord Holland, betrayed his master and joined 
the Parliament. 

Mar. 9, 1648. The same Lord Holland 
beheaded in Palace Yard, by order of the same 
Parliament. 

April 20, 1654. General Lambert advised 
Oliver Cromwell to assume the title of King, 
and dissolve the Parliament. 

April 20, 1659. Lambert proclaimed a 
traitor by the Parlia)ncnt. 



520 COINCIDENTAL FATALITIES. 






April 28, 1647. The Agitators of the army 
held their first meeting to adopt a mode of 
gaining possession of the King's person. 

April 28, 1649. The Parliament passed a 
vote for taking the Agitators into custody. 

May 2, 1643. The Queen voted an enemy 
to the Nation, by the Parliament. 

May 2, 1660. Her son Charles II. pre- 
sented with the Votes of Parliament for his 
restoration. 

May 10, 1641. Charles passed the bill of 
attainder against Strafford, thereby forfeiting 
his promise, and deserting his best friend. 

May 10, 1646. The Scotch carried away 
the King from before Newark, broke all their 
promises to him, deserted and sold him to his 
executioners. ' 

May 12, 1641. Strafford beheaded, which 
act, burthened the conscience of Charles 
during the remainder of his life. 

May 12, 1646. Southwell palace, which 
had frequently lodged Charles, dismantled by 
order of Parliament. 

May 25, 1659. The Parliament deposed 
Richard Cromwell, and voted a House of 
Lords useless. 



COINCIDENTAL FATALITIES. 521 

May 25, 1660. Charles II. landed, for 
the purpose of restoring the House of Lords, 
and the government of a single person. 

June 13, 1625. United Charles to Henri- 
etta of France, from whose counsels were, 
probably, attributed most of his misfortunes. 

June 13, 1642. Charles I. signed the 
commissions for levying forces to act against 
his Parliament. 

June 13, 16-15. The fate of the royal cause 
ultimately determined, by the loss of the 
bloody battle of Naseby. 

July 12, 1642. Charles' first declaration 
published at York. 

July 12, 1642# The army to be command- 
ed by the Earl of Essex, voted by Parliament. 

July 12, 1643. Colonel Charles Cavendish, 
the favorite of Charles and Henrietta, killed 
in a skirmish with Cromwell, near Gainsboro*. 

July 12, 1644. The Marquis of Newcastle, 
the last hope of the royal cause, quitted the 
kingdom, after the fatal battle of Marsten 
Moor. 

Aug. 6, 1641. The Parliament voted the 
items of the Army to serve against the King. 



522 COINCIDENTAL FATALITIES. 

Aug. 6, 1648. The Parliament turned 
out of doors by Cromwell and the Army. 

Aug. 17, 1636. Charles passed the-Act 
for abolishing episcopacy in Scotland. 

Aug. 17, 1637. The famous Covenant 
passed the general assembly in Scotland, which 
laid the foundation of those events, which ul- 
timately brought Charles to the Scaffold. 

Aug. 17 5 1642. Charles came to New- 
ark, in his way to raise his standard at Not- 
tingham, here he concerted his future plans of 
operation, here was his most signal disgrace, 
and surrender of his person to his enemies. 

Aug. 18, 1642. Charles received the 
Queen's approbation of his first proclamation 
for raising forces in the County of Nottingham. 

Aug. 18, 1669. Queen Henrietta died in 
France. 

Sep. 3, 1644. Oliver Cromwell first brought 
into notice by the defeat and surrender of 
General Skippen at Foy, (Fowey) in Cornwall. 

Sep. 3, 1650. Oliver Cromwell defeated 
the Scots at Daribar. 

Sep. 3, 1651. Oliver Cromwell defeated 
Charles II. at Worcester. 



COINCIDENTAL FATALITIES. 523 

Sep. 3, 1654. Oliver Cromwell summoned 
a Parliament in order to substantiate his 
authority. 

Sep. 3, 1658. Oliver Cromwell died at 
Whitehall* 



* Much stress was laid, through the virulence of party, 
by the Cavaliers, on a violent tempest which happened on 
the day that Cromwell died ; they charitably dubbing it the 
vehicle which conveyed his soul to the devil. But the truth 
is, the whole week had been remarkably stormy for Ludlow 
in his Memoirs says. " At this time I was in the County of 
Essex and according to a former resolution I had taken, 
went to London to attend my father tOldsworth, and to 
bring him into the country, whither he designed to come 
with my mother Ludlow. On the Monday afternoon I set 
forward on my journey, the morning proving so tempestuous 
that the horses were not able to draw against itj so that I 
could reach no further than Epping that night." Cromwell 
did not die till the Friday following. But the complete com- 
plexion of those times is not more amply shewn, than in 
Bulstrode's Memoirs, P. 216, on closing the character of 
Cromwell. "Yet, after all his greatness both at home and 
abroad, some things happened before his end, which much 
disturbed him; not only the frequent plots against his 
person, but the coming up of a monstrous whale, in the fresh 
water y contrary to the nature of that fishy as far as Green- 
i/ich, where it was taken, and believed by many to port 'end 
some great alteration in the Commonwealth* But thi c did 
not >o much trouble the Protector as the death of h»« dear 

i i 2 



524 COINCIDENTAL FATALITIES. 

Oct. 13, 1654. The Parliament passed an 
act for recognizing Cromwell as Protector. 

Oct. 13, 1659. General Lambert dismissed 
the Parliament, and established the authority 
of the Army. 

Oct. 23, 1621. The unfortunate expedition 
to Spain set sail. 

Oct. 23, 1641. The rebellion broke out in 
Ireland. 

Oct. 23, 1642. The battle of Edge-hill was 
fought, which rendered the breach between 
the King and his Parliament irreparable. 

daughter Claypole, who died in the beginning of August, 
1658. He had settled his greatest affections on this daugh- 
ter, from the time of whose death he appeared very mel- 
ancholy, and fell sick about the middle of August; but his 
sickness being only an ague, there were no apprehensions 
of his death ; and he declared publicly to his physicians, and 
many others, " that God would not take him away, tilt he 
had done some more work for him." 

" But it soon appeared, that if God did not, the Devil did 
take him; for he died on the third of September following; 
a day that had been so fortunate to him proved his last ia 
the world j and such a tempest accompanied hi& death, that 
night, as was not seen in ttie memory oi man. I he Prince 
of the air showed his power teas above the Protector's, who 
thought not fit that he should pass quietly out of the world, 
who had made such a combustion, trouble and misery in it." 



COINCIDENTAL FATALITIES. 525 

Dec. 15, 1636. Archbishop Laud ordered 
the Common Prayer Book to be printed and 
imposed on the Scots, notwithstanding their 
remonstrances. 

Dec. 15, 1640. Archbishop Laud impeach- 
ed of high treason. 

It is not less worthy of remark, that in 
Chaldgrave field, where Mr. Hampden first 
executed the militia ordinance, he was him 
self, killed by the troops under Prince Rupert 
some years after. 

The battle of Edge-hill was the place 
where Charles first spilled the blood of his 
subjects iu battle. Here, after the commence- 
ment of the war he first met his Queen and 
her favorite Colonel Cavendish. Here he lost 
his best friends and most experienced Generals; 
and here he delivered himself up to that vio- 
lent counsel which terminated in his ruin. 

Newark, where the determination was 
first made to erect the royal Standard at Not- 
tingham, became, in time, the place of the 

g*s captivity and the triu is enemies. 



526 COINCIDENTAL FATALITIES. 

Southwell, continues the said Hercules 
Clay, was the place where most of the King's 
violent counsels were brought to maturity \* 
and that very place was, afterwards, the 
residence of his bitterest enemies, the Scotch, 
who came there for the purpose of accepting 
his surrender." 

* Wherefore Southwell? This seems to have been a 
most illiberal remark ; the more especially as coming from 
so staunch a loyalist as Hercules Clay. Why stigmatize 
the town or its inhabitants, with whom Charles does not 
seem to have had the least intercourse; excepting Lee the 
round head Cobbler, and he certainly could not assist in 
bringing any thing to maturity, as he would not even make 
him a pair of shoes. This monarch has been frequently 
taxed with being the dupe of evil counsellors ; but whom 
could they have been at Southwell ? Not the Clergy, for 
they probably were fled; and were they not, the present 
state of the place, if arguing by analogy be allowable, for- 
bids admission of a thought so derogatory to that respectable 
body. But the reader will do well to bear in mind that 
Hercules Clay was a dreamer. 



527 



OKDINATION CONCERNING 

THE VICARAGE OF NEWARK. 

To all the sons of the Holy Church about 
to view these letters. John, by divine per- 
mission, Archbishop of York, primate of 
England and Legate of the apostolic s 
health, in the embraces of the Saviour. 

Know, all of you, that whereas the parish 
of Newark, in our diocese with its rights 
and appurtenances hath been from formerly 
incorporated, annexed, united and appropria- 
ted to all the religious men, the Prior and 
Convent of the house or priory of Saint Katha- 
rine without the walls of Lincoln, of the order 
of Saint Gilbert and the successors of them. 
And the profit thereof it was and hath been 
lawful to be taken by them. Of which Brother- 
hood, Prior and Convent a Vicar hath always, 



528 ORDINATION CONCERNING THE VICARAGE. 

unto these presents, been lawfully instituted 
and inducted to the same Church, who ought 
to exercise the care of the souls of the said 
parishioners of the same Church and laudably 
to do service in divine matters in the same 
Church. And to which Vicar and his succes- 
sors in the Vicarage aforesaid, were assigned a 
fit portion of the profits, rents and dues of the 
same Church, to be taken according to the 
direction of the Holy Canons 

We, being mindful that amongst other 
parish Churches of our Diocese, the Church 
aforesaid, being one of the larger, and jon 
which a greater care of souls depends and 
impends, do Will, according to the ordinances 
of the statutes and canons, that on that account 
the Vicar of the same 7 Church, who now is and 
who for the time being may be, shall be pro- 
vided with a competent stipend for his own 
maintenance and for the support of whatever 
expenses are incumbent upon him. To be 
taken by diligent inquisition concerning the 
value of the things. But, a portion of the 
annual profits, rents and dues to the said 



ORDINATION CONCERNING THE VICARAGE- 529 

Church of Newark belonging or appertaining 
and called the first fruits aiul by whatsoever 
rights the same are accustomed to arise* and 
be due by all in this part; by the express direc- 
tion and consent of the Prior and Vicars afore- 
said. We order, are to be dedicated to the 
use of that religious man H alter Iklingham> 
Prior of the House or Convent of Saint Katha- 
rine aforesaid and to the Brother Nicholas 
Feriby now Vicar of the same Church for a 
lawful and reasonable profit to the said Vicar. 
By whom the Vicar and his successors are to 
be appointed and what expenses are to be 
borne by the same We now proceed to set out 
as follows. 

In the first place, We order and decree, 
that in the Church aforesaid there may be and 

m 

is and at all times in future there continually 
ought to be a perpetual Vicar for the care ot 
souls, fit and proper for the duty and practice 
of that care appointed by the Prior and Con- 
vent of the Priory of Saint Katharine and his 
successors, to be presented to us and our suc- 
cessors in the Archbishoprick of York, who 



530 ORDINATION CONCERNING THE VICARAGE. 

for the time being shall be in occupation of 
the seat. And the seat being vacant, to the 
Dean and Chapter of our Church of York. 
And to be admitted and inducted according to 
the said Canons by us and our successors, 
the chair being occupied and it being vacant 
by the said Dean and Chapter or the Dean 
being absent, by the Chapter, Which Vicar 
shall bear, have and exercise the care of the 
souls of the parishioners of the Church New- 
ark, and he shall personally reside in the 
same parish. 

We likewise appoint and ordain that the 
said present Vicar and each of his successors 
shall have for his own habitation, the house or 
place of his aforesaid Vicarage, with all its 
buildings and the garden adjoining and to the 
same belonging, which house or place of 
residence the said present Vicar now occupies 
and which is to be repaired and at all times 
maintained at the costs of the said Vicar for the 
time being and his successors. 

Except the principal chamber on the west 



ORDINATION CONCERNING THE VICARAGE. ^31 

side of the Hall of the said habitation, wit two 
chambers to the said principal chamber annex- 
ed together with a Stable and Repository for the 
tenths. And also two granaries, of which, one 
roofed with lead is situated on the north side of 
the said parish Church, and the other situated 
contiguous to the north gate of the said man- 
sion. And also with the houses and tenements 
without the aforesaid gate. All which build- 
ings, &c. We reserve for the use, utility and 
advantage of the said Prior and Convent afore- 
said ; the whole to be for ever kept up and 
repaired at the costs and expenses of the said 
Prior and Convent. 

Also, we decree and ordain, that the said 
present Vicar and his successors shall have 
and receive all obventions which shall arise 
within thejurisdiction of the said parish Church 
of Newark or of whatsoever kind shall arise 
in future. Also all mortuaries whatsoever. 
And also the tenths of all youngyft to be eaten. 
Also of the fowls, of the goats, of the cocks, of 
the pasturage, of the doves, of the lambs, of Che 
bees, of the honey and wax, of the hemp, jhix % 



532 ORDINATION CONCERNING THE VICARAGE. 

mills, fisheries, and other tenths and obventions. 
And all dues to the said Church and all emolu- 
ments whatsoever to the same Church belong- 
ing. All Lands of the same Church with the 
tenths arising from the same. And all the 
tenths of hay, wool, and land, within the bounds 
and limits of the same parish wherever now 
due or to become due; Except only, such 
lands and tenths so excepted as we decree 
ought to belong, for ever, to the Prior and 
Convent of the Priory of Saint Katharine afore- 
said. Moreover we will and ordain that the 
aforesaid Vicar who now is and all his succes- 
sors for the time being shall pay or cause pay- 
ment to be made to the before mentioned 
Prior and Convent twenty marks yearly on the 
feast of Easter or within one month then next 
immediately ensuing. For which payment 
well and faithfully to be made, we will and 
ordain, that the said Nicholas the present 
Vicar, within six days next after the day of the 
date of these presents, and his successors on 
their admission, to bound by the bond of an 
oath, and also under the penalties of suspen- 
sion from divine matters and sequestration of 



ORDINATION CONCERNING THE VICARAGE. 533 

the profits belonging to the Vicar. Which 
penalties, the Vicar or Vicars, not making 
payment, shall incur by such omission we will 
in no wise to be relaxed until the Prior and 
Convent aforesaid shall be fully satisfied for 
such payment and their damages and expenses 
on that account. We furthermore ordain that 
all ordinary and extraordinary burdens in any 
wise belonging to the said Church of Newark 
aforesaid, are to be borne by the said Vicar and 
his successors; except the expense of repairing 
the chancel and of the payment of the tenth or 
tenths or any other part of the same to the 
King already granted or hereafter to be granted, 
Which burdens we will and decree that the 
said Prior and Convent and their successors do 
acknowledge and bear. Also, that when the 
before mentioned Prior and Convent shall be 
commanded by virtue of a decree, made before 
this, to ordain or depute any Brother of the 
said Prior to celebrate the mass of the Blessed 
Virgin in the parish Church of Newark afore- 
said, at the express consent of the Prior, Con- 
vent and Vicar aforesaid : We order and decree 
that whatsoever Brother of this Order appoint- 



534 ORDINATION CONCERNING THE VICARAGE. 

ed or at all times hereafter to be appointed to 
celebrate such mass, according as leave is given, 
he shall have a chamber, meat and drink for 
himself fit for his dignity at the costs of such 
Vicar for the time being; but all other things 
necessary for the said Brother, the said Prior 
and Convent and their successors shall be at 
the expense of, as before this between the said 
Prior and Convent and the Brother of the said 
Order appointed or to be appointed for the 
celebration of the said mass, they may be agreed 
to be fit for the services aforesaid. Neverthe- 
less we declare, decree and ordain, a stipend 
for the honourable and sufficient maintenance 
of the Vicar now incumbent and his successors 
and fit and competent for the support of the 
expenses of the incumbent payments imposed 
upon and assigned to them. And, we will and 
do judicially pronounce, that the aforesaid 
decree, of us ratified and confirmed in every 
respect, be observed and kept for ever by these 
presents; saving always, all things by law and 
custom belonging to us of our Church of York, 
In Witness whereof, &c. 



ORDINATION CONCERNING THE VICARAGE. 535 

Given at our Palace at Suthwell, (South- 
well) the last day of the month of September, 
in the year of our Lord one thousand four 
hundred and twenty eight and of our transla- 
tion the fourth. 



536 
DISSENTING CHAPELS, 

public 3Ntitiitton& 

PLACES OF AMUSEMENT, &c. 

CHAPELS. 

The Wesley an Methodist's, . .Baldertongate. 

The Baptist's, Hawton Lane. 

The Johnsonian's, Lombard-street. 

Jehovah J ireh, Portland-street, 

ASSOCIATED SCHOOLS. 

The philanthropic system so generally 
adopted, at the close of the last century, in 
different parts of the kingdom, for the educa- 
tion of the children of the poor, met with 
warm support in Newark, and Sunday School* 
were established by subscription. These were 
continued under the management of a com- 
mittee, from whiqh visitors were appointed, 



ASSOCIATED SCHOOLS 537 

till the year 1810 ; when it appeared to be the 
general opinion that more benefit would acrue 
from the children attending daily. A liberal 
subscription was advanced for this purpose, 
and schools were established for about 100 
boys, and the same number of female children, 
belonging to such of the inhabitants of the 
town as were supposed incapable of paying for 
their education. These were instructed on a 
system in some degree similar to that of the 
celebrated Di\ Bell. The boys were taught 
reading and writing, and the females reading, 
knitting, and sewing ; the annual subscription 
was repeated three or four times, after which 
period, the trustees of the different estates 
bequeathed for the good weal of the town, con- 
descendingly agreed to apply a part of the 
surplus arising therefrom, to the future sup- 
port of these benevolent institutions. The 
pupils have, hitherto, been taught in places 
rented for the purpose, and that appropriated 
to the Boys has generally been considered too 
small, particularly in the summer season. 
Meetings have been held to adopt measures 
equal to the remedying this inconvenience bj 

M M 



538 ASSOCIATED SCHOOLS. 

building two schools adjoining each other, 
sufficiently large and commodious, and it is 
understood, that a sum of money has been 
placed in the hands of a Member of the 
Corporation towards defraying the expense. 
It is sincerely to be hoped much time will 
not elapse before this most desirable object is 
carried into execution. 



539 



BANKS 



>e#e««~ 



Of these useful institutions, in the absence 
of specie, there are two in Newark, one un- 
der the firm of Messrs. Godfrey and Hutton, 
situate in the Market-place ; who draw upon 
Messrs. Barclay, Tritton, Bevan, & Co. London. 
And the other Messrs. Handley's, Peacock, 
Kirton and Handley, in Castlegate ; who draw 
upon Messrs. Hoare, Barnetts, Hoare, & Co, 
London ; both are of the utmost respectability, 
and looked up to by the public with esteem 
and confidence. 



M 31 2 



540 



INCREASE 

OF 

COMMERCE IN NEWARK, 



It may not be thought unworthy of atten- 
tion, to notice and trace the extraordinary 
progress which the staple commodities of corn, 
malt, and flour, have made in this place. 
Fifty years since, there were only four wind- 
mills on Beacon-hill, and one in Balderton 
Field, consisting of two pairs of stones each, 
together with the Water Mill on a very small 
scale, these comprised the whole in the vici- 
nity of Newark ; whereas at this time, there 
are sixteen wind-mills within the distance of a 
mile from the town ; the large water-mill built 
on the site of the ancient one, and occupied by 
Messrs. Marshall and Franke, containing seven 
pairs of stones, which are worked day and 
night, Sundays excepted; a large wind-mill 
in Farndon liberty, of four pairs of stones; 



INCREASE OF COMMERCE. 541 

another contiguous to it worked by a steam 
engine, and one in Lombard-street, used for 
the purposes of grinding corn, and also bones 
for manure. 

The malting business is supposed to have 
increased in about the same, if not in a greater 
proportion ; is evident by the number and ex- 
traordinary size of some of the kilns. 

But it must not be imagined that nearly the 
whole of this quantity of malt made here is 
consumed in the town or neighbourhood, al- 
though no inconsiderable portion is converted, 
by the inhabitants, into their favorite beverage, 
fine Nottinghamshire ale, yet a far greater part 
is conveyed up the Trent into Lancashire, 
Cheshire, and Staffordshire. 

In order to give some idea of the business 
transacted on the River Trent, the following 
statement is inserted. 



542 INCREASE OF COMMERCE. 

Tonnage of Goods delivered and Loaded at 
Newark. 

In 1810, 43,081 tons. 

1813, ....45,296 

1816, 42,553 

1818, 50,173 

Number of boats wbich passed the lock : 

In 1812, 4,800 

1813, 5,384 

1814, 5//30 

1815, 6,200 

1816, 5,176 

1817, 5,164 

1818, 6,650 

BREWERY IN NORTH-GATE. 

A very extensive concern, in this line, the 
property of Messrs. Handley, has been many 
years established. During the reign of the 
Empress Catharine, the trade to Russia was 
extensive, as she was extremely partial to stout 
humming liquor. 



543 



THE THEATRE. 



»§@9««» 



This is a plain neat building, situate in 
Middlegate, it was erected about the year 
1774, by Job B rough, Esq. The company of 
comedians under the management of Mr. T\ 
Robertson, which takes the circuit of Gran- 
tham, Boston, Lincoln. &c. performs here 
about six weeks in November and December. 
The theatre is now the property of the Reverend 
Dr. Fines, and the Reverend Dr. Staunton, 
to whom it descended in right of their wives, 
daughters of the original proprietor. 



544 



THE OLD BOWLING GREEN 



This place of public amusement, is of con- 
siderable standing, it occupies the greater 
part of the ground within the ruined walls of 
the venerable Castle. Now, instead of the 
dungeon echoing with captive sufferings under 
the iron thraldom of feudal tyranny, the 
shriek of helpless innocence grasped by the 
arm of ruffian violence, the clashing of arms, 
the neighing of steeds, and the thunder of ar- 
tillery, are heard, gay hilarity, and harmless 
pastime. Two rooms are neatly fitted up, in 
the western tower, for the purposes of shelter 
in a storm, and, occasionally, the enjoyment 
of cards. 



545 



THE NEW BOWLING GREEN. 

In the year 1809, a part of the premises at 
the back of the Castle and Falcon Inn, were 
appropriated to this purpose. The ground is 
beautifully laid out, the Green being sur- 
rounded by a terrace excellently gravelled, and 
bordered by evergreens, interspersed with 
flowers. The south front of the greenkeeper's 
house is gothicized with much taste, having a 
piazza below and spacious balcony above. On 
the frize is this inscription, in boldly raised 
Roman, " let no man be biassed/' alluding 
to the practice of admitting members only by 
ballot. There is also a card-room on the 
chamber story, and upon the whole, the place 
is excellently calculated for the relaxation of 
an hour. 



546 



HALING-PATH BRIDGE. 

The ancient and extensive wooden bridge, 
over a branch of the river, near to the large 
water-mill, being deemed dangerous for the 
passage of horses; a new one of Stone was 
erected in the year 1819, by the Newark 
Navigation Company ; it consists of five seg- 
mental arches, the span of each fourteen feet, 
consequently, with the piers and abutments, 
the length is very considerable, but from the 
perpendicularity of its ramparts, in contradis- 
tinction to the splayed ones of the old bridge, 
the road way appears confined. On the key 
stone of the central arch, is the following 
hieroglyphical inscription, within the date in 
a curve. 

N, 

N' G. 

It must be observed, this was the act and deed 



547 

of the working mason, it is supposed to mean 
Newark Navigation Company, and as the 
Bridge from its firmness, bids fair to brave the 
storm of many centuries, there may perhaps, 
in some future day, be volumes written on the 
three cabalistic characters. 



BROWN'S TOMB, 



>e^e« 



Thk Tomb of this generous benefactor to 
the town of Newark, who died in the year 
1532, was, in the spring of 1819, removed to 
the belfry, the place to whence Phillipott's 
Effigies had been consigned. 



Magnus was interred at Selsey, in 
Yorkshire. 



548 
PROPERTY TAX 

ASSESSED UPON THE TOWN AND PARISH OP NEWARK, 

1815. 
Real Property, £. 26,418. 

ASSESSED TAXES. 

i€. s. d. 
Amount ending Lady-day, 1818, 5,027 5 5 



FINIS. 



INDEX. 



Aldermen, previous to the Mayorality in Newark, list of 443. 

Aldermen, the present ones, 449. 

Alexander Bishop of Lincoln, founder of Newark Castle, 33. 

Sent as a prisoner there, 37. Surrenders that Castle and 

Sleaford to Stephen, ibid. 
Articles of consumption, price of several at Newark in 

1818, 503. 
Assembly room, 369. 
Associated Schools, 536. 
Atkinson, Alderman, 126. 
Atkinson, family of, 226. 
Audley, 263. 

Baker Sir Richard, 65. 

Ballard, his conduct, 59. 

Banks, 539. 

Basilicon Doron, 47. 

Bead house, 333. Endowment of, 335. First Beadmen, 

338. Caution extraordinary, 353. Present state of, 360. 
Beaumond Cross , 254. 
Bellasis, Lord, Governor of Newark, 99, 
Bethell William, his Donation, 378. 
Biron Sir Richard, Governor of Newark, 72, 93, 94. 

displaced, 99. 
Boats, 542. 

Bowling Green old, 544. 
Bowling Green new, 545. 
Brady Dr. 440. 
Brewery, 542. 

Bribe for good behaviour, 393. 
Bridge, new one, 546. 
Brown Robert, his Donation, 321 to 330. His Estates 

conveyed to the Corporation, 329. Tomb removed, 547. 
Bulstrode, 523. 



INDEX. 

Cannon ball perforates the Spire of Newark Church, 79. 

Caring Sunday, explanation of, 31. 

Castle, Newark of, erected by Alexander Bishop of Lincoln, 
33, Besieged by the Barons in the reign of John, 37. 
Constable of, his fees, &c. 46. Surrendered to Henry 
VIII. 46. To the Covenanters, 49. Dismantled by order 
of Parliament, ibid. Present state of, 145. Situate in 
the Parish of Stoke, 170. 

Castles, number of, temp. Henry II. 34. Very nests of 
Devils and dens of Thieves, ! 10. 

Cavalry, Newark Troop of, 504. 

Cavendish Charles, 120, 147, 150. 

Caxton, 43. 

Chambers, family of, 212. 

Chancery suit instituted, 304. Origin of, 353. 

Chapels, 536. 

Chapman, his Donation, 379. 

Charitable Donations, 377. 

Charities consolidated, 395. 

Charity Estates, rentals of, 318. Sales of, 363. 

Charles I. present at the storming of Leicester, 102. 
Escapes in disguise from Oxford, 107. Surrenders himself 
to the Scots Commissioners at Southwell, ibid. His 
letter to Lord Bellasis, 108. Delivered up by the Scots 
to the Parliament, 116. His speech at Newark in 1622, 
144. Character of, 151. Letter to the Queen, 154. 
To the Corporation of Newark, 256. From Southwell 
to the Parliament, 164. 

Charters, different ones granted to Newark, 27. 

Cheese Market, 31. 

Church of Newark, Architectural description of, 177. 
Spire, height of, 179. Ancient Chauntries and Altars, 
ibid. The Belfry, 189. The Font, 182. Monuments 
in Belfry, 186 to 191. North Aisle, Monuments, &c. in, 
191 to 204. South Aisle, 204 to 216. Cross Aisle, 216 
to 221. Choir, 221 to 232. Nave, 232. Vault, 233. 
Organ, 234. Bells, 235. Altar piece and Communion 
Plate, 236. Spire repaired, 248. 

Churchwardens, the present, 241. 

Cities, Saxon ones, 20. 
Clarke, family of, 211. 
Clay Hercules, his extraordinary preservation, 78. His 

Donation, 381. Extract from his Will, 515. 
Coaches passing through Newark, 30. 



INDEX. 

Coadjutors, the present, 351. 

Codicil to the Will of Henry VII. 253. 

Coincidental fatalities, 517. 

Collingham, number of Churches anciently in, 26. 

Collingwood Anthony, his Donation, 385. 

Commerce increase of at Newark, 540. 

Commissioners, names of, at the surrender of Newark, 111. 

Commoners, the present, 351. 

Convent, intended one, 253. 

Cooper Sir Roger, 63. 

Cooper Mr. Cecil, 469, 480. 

Corporation, present Officers of, 450. 

Crampern, family of, 212. 

Cromwell Oliver, orders the dismantling of Castles, 34. 

His death, 523. 
Crypt under Newark Castle, 167. Anciently a Chapel, 177. 
Cumberland, family of, 211. 

Declaration, curious one of the Scots, 112. 
Decree in respect of Magnus* Charity, 305. 
Decree in recpect of Brown's, 330. 
Decree in respect of Phillipott's, 347. 
Derry, family of, 212 
Desiderata Curiosa, Peck's, 46. 
Devon River, 12. Source of, 16. 
Dispensary, 373. 
Dogs, Bears and Castles, 47. 
Doomsday Book, 33, 176, 440. 
Douglas Eleanor, her Donation, 392. 
Drum, Old, 78. 
Drum, another, 100. 

Eastland, family of, 220. 

Echard, 48. 

Exeter, Earl of, his house in Northgate, burned, 62. 

Fare extraordinary, in time of flood, from Newark to 

Muskham, 28. 
Flood road, the forming of, 28. 
Flour Mill, 540. 

Former times, slight view of, 496. 
Foster Anthony, his Donation, 372. 
Free School, 274. Schoolmaster's oath, 295. Ancient 

Regulations of, 300. Remarks, 302. Present state of, 

319. 



INDEX. 

Friar's Observant, or Chauntry, 251. 

Friary, 250. 

Fuller, 277. 

Gascoyne, Family of, 211. 

Gateways ancient, 161. Architectural description of, 174, 

175. 
Girton, family of, 217. 
Godiva Lady, Anecdote of, 20 
Green's Worcester, 52, 54. 
Guilds, 438. Ancient ones, number of in Newark, 441. 

Handley, family of, 194. 

Haslam, family of, 220. 

Hawding, family of, 212. 

Hemingford Walter, 44. 

Henderson Sir John, Governor of Newark, 58. 

Henrietta, Consort to Charles I. her letter, 146. Anecdote 

of, 148. Character, 148. Death, 522. , 
Heron's M S. extract from, 13. 
Heron, family of, 207. 
Heron John, Churchwarden, his address to the inhabitants 

of Newark, 399 to 437. 

Hobman , his Donation, 391. 

Hospital, Knights Templar's, 249, 

St. Leonard's, 263. Present state of, 272. 

Hume, 439. 

Hutchinson Col. John, a Commissioner at the surrender 

of Newark, 111. Seized at Owthorpe, 471. His treat 

ment at Newark, 472 to 481. Reflections thereupon, 481. 

James I. at Newark Castle, 47. Present from the Corpo- 
ration to, ibid. Exercises Royal prerogative, ibid* Anec- 
dotes of, 48. 
James II. his Letter concerning the new modelling of the 

Corporation of Newark, 452. 
Jersey School, 387. 

Inhabitants of some parts of Newark, in 1605, 488. 
Inns, ancient ones in Newark, 466. 
Inn, Saracen's Head, 466. 
Talbot, 482. 
White Hart, 483. 
Swan and Salmon, 484. 
Instructions, private, to Commissioners from Charles I. 
130 to 143. 



. 



INDEX. 

John, institutes a Mayorality at Lynn, His Will, 39. Die's 
at Newark Castle, 41. Interred at Worcester, 42. Dis- 
covery of his remains, 50. Description of Tomb, 53. 

Johnson John, his Donation, 38;5. 

Kingston, Earl of, remarkable account of his death, 119. 
Kirkbye Robert, the first Song Schoolmaster, 230, 289. 

Lamb Richard, his donation, 385. 

Langdale Sir Marmaduke, relieves Newark, 81. 

Law and Mathematics, two distinct things, 348. 

Lawrence George, his donation, 393. 

Leak Lady Frances, her donation, 388. 

Leicester stormed by Prince Rupert and the Newarkers, 

101. Regained by the Parliamentary forces, 102. 
Letter, copy of, respecting the surrender of Newark, 122. 
Library, 241. 

Lilly John, his donation, 381. 
Linthwaite, family of, 138. 
Londe Sir John, his donation, 377. 
Ludlow's memoirs, extract from, 518. 

Magnus Thomas, 276 to 305. 

Malignant Clergymen taken in Newark, 126. 

Mare Peter de la, imprisoned in Newark Castle, 45. 

Marketplace, inhabitants of, 499. 

Markham Sir Robert, a Captain at the battle of Stoke, 223. 

Markham Sir John, his quarrel at Bennington, 224. 

Martin, family of, 191. 

Martin John, his donation, 384. 

Mayors of Newark, list of, 445. 

Meldrum Sir John, anecdote of, 77 . His death, ibid. 

Meldrum Major, taken prisoner, 100. 

Milnes, family of, 199, 220. 

Monasticon, 20. 

Monk's Cowl, virtue of, 42. 

Newark, antiquity of, 9. Super- addition of Upon Trent, 
when first used, 11. Uncertain when first walled, 20. 
Given to the monastery of Stow, 21. Number of Churches 
anciently, 24. Ancient division of, 26. First incorporated, 
27. Market and fairs, 31. Situation of, 31. Number of 
houses and inhabitants. 32. State at the commencement 
of the war in 1642, 55. Inhabitants declare for the 
royal cause, 56. Head quarters ol the Cavaliers, r>7. 



INDEX. 

Siege 1, 58. Siege 2, 65. Siege 3, 80. Siege 4, 103. Surren- 
dered to the Parliamentary forces, 108. Articles of capitu- 
lation, 110. Fortifications demolished, 116. Ordnance 
and stores taken in, 117. Plague in, 123. Ancient 
topography of, 46F Present state of, 499. 

Newarkers , particular enterprizes of the, 93, 102. 

Newcastle Earl of, his house garrisoned, 63. 

Newer k, 11. 

Newerke, 23. 

Nobility and Gentry of Charles I. party, 56. 

-Noblemen and Gentlemen slain near Newark, list of, 119. 

Nottingham, head quarters of the Roundheads, 57, 92 

Nowrk, 11. 

Observations on the surrender of Newark, 159. 
Ordination concerning the Vicarage of Newark, 527. 
Organ, 234, 

Organist and Choristers, present ones, 241. 
Overseers of the Poor, abstract of their receipts and dis- 
bursements, 494. 

Painting, curious one in Newark Church, 222. 

Paris Mathew, 45, 84. 

Paving, ancient, 486. 

Phillipott AYiliiam, his effigies removed, 181. His Donation, 

332 to 337. Family of, 219. 
Pierce Alice, 45. 
Plumptre Doctor, one of the Nottingham Committee, joins 

the Newarkers, 74 
Pocklington family of, 232, 
Pointz General, 17, 63, 104, 107, 184. 
Priests, ephemeral ones, 273. 
Principal prisoners taken in Newark, list of, 118. 

Queen's crosses, list of, 252. 

Ramsey Robert, Esq. killed by lightning, 229. 

Rapin, 41. 

Recorders of Newark, list of, 450. 

Regalia of England lost by king John, 39. 

Reliquiae Sacrse, 146, 161, 

Representatives in Parliament, 456. List of, 456. Ancient 

daily wages of, ibid. 
Ridghill, family of, 193. 
Rogues, different degrees of, 496. 



INDEX. 

Rupert Prince, 64, 101. 

Rutherford Mr. Gawen serves under his 27th child, 122. 

Sacrilege, act of, 237. 

Sandford, 53 

Scarsdale Earl of, his Donation, 386. 

Schools associated, 536. 

Sconce the Kind's, 105. 

the Queen's, 106. 

Sessions at Newark, where holden, 370. 

Shambles, 372. 

Shelt'ord Manor house garrisoned, 63 Stormed byPointz, ib. 

Situations, obliterated ones in Newark, 265. 

Sketchley family of, 213. 

Smith, Mayor of Newark, urges Lord Bellasis to disobey 

the King's order for its surrender, 105, His heroic advice 

168 
Smith, family of, 213. 

Southwell history of, references thereto, 107, 236. 
Spittle battle of, 67 . Articles of capitulation, 75, 
Spragging family of, 189, 212, 215 
Stephen King of England, his promptitude, 36. 
Stones Henry, his Donation, 387, 394. 
Streets, &c. in Newark, description of, 502, 503. 
Stukely Doctor, 18, 159, 171, 356. 
Summers Thomas, his Donation, 390. 
Sweet lips, the Newarkers' favorite Cannon, 123. 
Swift, family of, 193. 

Task extraordinary, for twenty persons, 389. 

Times former, slight view of, 496. 

Theatre 543. 

Thoroton, 25* 109, 176, 209, 224, 225, 250, 251, 257, 265, 

Tolls, 19. 

Tomlinson, family of, 200. 

Tonnage increase of at Newark, 512. 

Topography ancient, of Newark, 461. 

Town's Anus, 367. 

Town hall, 366. Arti I 171. 

Trent dike, 12. 

Twentyman J elm, \lderman, 

Twentyman, family of, 210. 

Vault, list of persons interred there, 2 
Vicars of Newark, 239. 



INDEX. 

Vicarage house, taken down, 248. 

Volunteers, Loyal Newark, Muster Roll of, 507. 

Watson William and Wife, their Donations, 384. 

Watson Emma, her Donation, 385. 

Wharton, 86. 

White, Bishop of Peterborough, his Donation, 388. 

William of Newberry, 84. 

Willis Sir Richard, Governor of Newark, 99. Becomes a 

Spy to Cromwell, ibid. 
Wilson Rev. Dr addresses the inhabitants of Newark on the 

misapplication of public Charities, 353. As Vicar, a 

Defendant in Chancery, 304. His Donation, 392. 

Erects Wilson Street, 502. 
Windows, decorated ones in Newark Church, 242. 
Wiverton house, garrisoned, 63. Surrendered to the 

Parliamentary forces, ibid. 
Workhouse, 489. 
Wright Joseph, 28. 



S. AND J. RIDGE, PRINTERS, NEWARK. 



L&N 



>OQ 







?%- 












tny 







W*&S§ 




SBbiafiBg^ BB 




^3 9i3pvv^ 




i^^^EHHrE 




" "* 1 - 1 mSL&kiwr 

£2 Fv3*£ 




Ezra bSSJ 


■pfl 


ggftPp uft^ 








iii* 1 




■BEx 




.. • 




f".V H 1 1 




^^W 




H Papyri 




«\ *'►,-£*> HI 




SS&3K Era 




>mX&*mf W*r 




K&f&^HE 





n aiiiiil- 

021 399 113 9 



